Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology, Preparation, and Mechanism.

Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners-especially compound 1-and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.

Synthesis and Bioactivities of Marine Pyran-Isoindolone Derivatives as Potential Antithrombotic Agents.

2,5-Bis-[8-(4,8-dimethyl-nona-3,7-dienyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-keto-1,2,7,8-teraahydro-6H-pyran[a]isoindol-2-yl]-pentanoic acid (FGFC1) is a marine pyran-isoindolone derivative isolated from a rare marine microorganism Stachybotrys longispora FG216, which showed moderate antithrombotic(fibrinolytic) activity. To further enhance its antithrombotic effect, a series of new FGFC1 derivatives (F1-F7) were synthesized via chemical modification at C-2 and C-2' phenol groups moieties and C-1″ carboxyl group. Their fibrinolytic activities in vitro were evaluated. Among the derivatives, F1-F4 and F6 showed significant fibrinolytic activities with EC50 of 59.7, 87.1, 66.6, 82.8, and 42.3 µM, respectively, via enhancement of urokinase activity. Notably, derivative F6 presented the most remarkable fibrinolytic activity (2.72-fold than that of FGFC1). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of derivative F6 was tested as well as expression of Fas/Apo-1 and IL-1 on HeLa cells. The results showed that, compared to FGFC1, derivative F6 possessed moderate cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect on HeLa cells (statistical significance p > 0.1), making F6 a potential antithrombotic agent towards clinical application.

Discovery of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors.

A series of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their c-Met kinase inhibitory activities and antiproliferative activities against 4 cancer cell lines (HT-29, A549, MCF-7, and PC-3) in vitro. Most compounds showed moderate to excellent potency, with the most promising analog 34 showing a c-Met IC50 value of 1.68nM. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that electron-withdrawing groups (X=CF3, R(1)=F, R(2)=4-F) were required to decrease the higher electron density on the 5-atom linker to a proper degree to improve the inhibitory activity.

Design and syntheses of novel N'-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide as inhibitors of cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase.

Cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphoshatase (Cy-FBP/SBPase) is an important target enzyme for finding inhibitors to solve harmful algal bloom (HAB). In this study, as potential inhibitors of Cy-FBP/SBPase, a series of novel chromone-connecting benzohydrazone compounds (Novel N'-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide) were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activities against Cy-FBP/SBPase were further examined in vitro. Some of these compounds, such as f6-f8, f11, f12 and f16, exhibit higher inhibitory activities (IC50=11.2-16.1 µM), especially, the compound f7 was identified as the most potent inhibitor with IC50 value of 11.2 µM. The probable binding-mode of compound f7 was further analyzed carefully by molecular docking methods. These results indicate that compound f7 could be used as a lead compound for further optimization and might have potential to be developed as a new algicide.

Total synthesis of (-)-brazilane via a lipase-catalyzed desymmetrisation reaction.

Herein, we described the asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-brazilane, an optically active natural product. The key steps of this synthetic approach are a lipase-catalyzed desymmetrisation reaction of a prochiral diol using vinyl acetate to prepare a chiral primary alcohol and a trifluoroacetic acid-catalyzed one pot intramolecular tandem Prins/Friedel-Crafts reaction used to construct the cis-fused chromane and indane framework.[Formula: see text].

1,2-Bis[5-(4-cyano-phen-yl)-2-methyl-3-thien-yl]-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexa-fluoro-cyclo-pent-1-ene: a photochromic diaryl-ethene compound.

The mol-ecules of the title compound, C(29)H(16)F(6)N(2)S(2), a photochromic dithienylethene with 4-cyano-phenyl substituents, adopt an anti-parallel arrangement that is reponsible for photoactivity. The mol-ecule lies on a twofold rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the nearly planar cyclo-pentenyl and heteroaryl rings is 142.5 (3)°, and that between the heteroaryl and benzene rings is 22.4 (3)°. The distance between the heteroaryl rings of adjacent mol-ecules is 3.601 (2) Å, indicating a π-π interaction.

3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexafluoro-1,2-bis-(5-formyl-2-methylsulfanyl-3-thienyl)cyclo-pent-1-ene.

In the crystal structure of the title diaryl-ethyl-ene compound, C(17)H(10)F(6)O(2)S(4), the two 3-thienyl substituents are aligned at 44.9 (1) and 40.2 (1)° with respect to the -C-C=C-C- fragment of the central cyclo-pentenyl ring. The five-membered cyclo-pentenyl ring adopts an envelope conformation. The flap atom of this ring and the two F atoms bonded to it are disordered over two positions with occupancies 0.810 (5)/0.190 (5).

Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel thienopyrimidine derivatives bearing chromone moiety as mTOR/PI3Kα inhibitors.

Two series of thienopyrimidine derivatives (10a-k, 16a-j) bearing chromone moiety were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase at a concentration of 10uM. Four selected compounds were further evaluated for the IC50 values against mTOR kinase, PI3Kα kinase and two cancer cell lines. Some of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent mTOR/PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. The most promising compound 16i showed good inhibitory activity against mTOR/PI3Kα kinase and good antitumor potency for H460 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.16 ± 0.03 µM, 2.35 ± 0.19 µM, 1.20 ± 0.23 µM and 0.85 ± 0.04 µM, which were 8.6, >5, 7.9 and 19.1 times more active than compound I (1.37 ± 0.07 µM, >10 µM, 9.52 ± 0.29 µM, 16.27 ± 0.54 µM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that the chromone moiety is necessary for the potent antitumor activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds. Substitution of the chromone moiety at the 6-position has a significant impact to the inhibitory activity, in particular a carboxylic acid group, produced the best potency.

Structure-based design and synthesis of novel dual-target inhibitors against cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

Cyanobacteria class II fructose-1,6-bisphoshate aldolase (Cy-FBA-II) and cyanobacteria fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Cy-FBPase) are two neighboring key regulatory enzymes in the Calvin cycle of the cyanobacteria photosynthesis system. Each of them might be taken as a potential target for designing novel inhibitors to chemically control harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the present paper, a series of novel inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and optimized based upon the structural and interactional information of both Cy-FBA-II and Cy-FBPase, and their inhibitory activities were examined in vitro and in vivo. The experimental results showed that compounds L19e-L19g exhibited moderate inhibitory activities (IC50 = 28.1-103.2 µM) against both Cy-FBA-II and Cy-FBPase; compounds L19a-L19d, L19h, L20a-L20d exhibited high Cy-FBA-II inhibitory activities (IC50 = 2.3-16.9 µM) and moderate Cy-FBPase inhibitory activities (IC50 = 31.5-141.2 µM); however, compounds L20e-L20h could potently inhibit both Cy-FBA-II and Cy-FBPase with IC50 values less than 30 µM, which demonstrated more or less dual-target inhibitor's feature. Moreover, most of them exhibited potent algicide activity (EC50 = 0.8-22.3 ppm) against cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.