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1.
Qual Life Res ; 32(8): 2361-2373, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37010804

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to glycemic status, and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling. Data were collected from 1135 participants over 30 years of age, at risk of developing T2D from the PREDICOL project. Participants' glycemic status was defined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were divided into normoglycemic subjects (NGT), prediabetes and diabetics do not know they have diabetes (UT2D). HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire of the EuroQol group. Logistic regression and Tobit models were used to examine factors associated with EQ-5D scores for each glycemic group. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 55.6 ± 12.1 years, 76.4% were female, and one in four participants had prediabetes or unknown diabetes. Participants reported problems most frequently on the dimensions of Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression in the different glycemic groups. The mean EQ-5D score in NGT was 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81), in prediabetes, 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), and in participants with UT2D of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82), respectively. Female sex, older age, city of residence, lower education, receiving treatment for hypertension, and marital status were significantly associated with lower levels of HRQOL in the Tobit regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL of NGT, prediabetes, and UT2D participants was statistically similar. However, factors such as gender, age. and place of residence were found to be significant predictors of HRQOL for each glycemic group.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Cidades , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , América Latina , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Nível de Saúde
2.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 46: e105, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36060202

RESUMO

Objective: Reconstruct the experience of the Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) from 2012 to 2019 in Colombia. Methods: The experience of public health training through the VCPH in Colombia in the period 2012-2019 was systematized. The information is presented in cross-section time series to show the evolution of the VCPH in Colombia over time. Results: A total of 2 627 health professionals took tutored courses and 34 012 followed self-learning courses on relevant, up-to-date, priority public health issues. An important aspect was the opportunity to access remote regions through VCPH training processes that were cost-free for end users. The experience highlights the relevance of the VCPH in reducing the gap in updated human talent in the health field through virtual education with diversity in its modalities and content. Conclusions: Reconstruction of the experience in Colombia showed how the VCPH evolved and strengthened to offer quality training processes that respond to the country's problems and needs. Collaborative work between universities and the Pan American Health Organization resulted in consolidation of the VCPH.


Objetivo: Reconstruir a experiência do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) de 2012 a 2019 na Colômbia. Métodos: Realizou-se a sistematização da experiência do processo de formação em saúde pública na Colômbia por meio do Campus, referente ao período de 2012 a 2019. As informações são apresentadas em séries transversais de períodos de tempo para mostrar a evolução histórica do CVSP na Colômbia. Resultados: Foram capacitados 2.627 profissionais de saúde em cursos com instrutor e 34.012 em cursos de autoaprendizagem sobre temas relevantes, atuais e prioritários de saúde pública. Destacam-se a oportunidade e o acesso a regiões remotas que o Campus obteve, por meio de processos de formação sem custo para o usuário final. A experiência destaca a relevância do Campus na redução da lacuna de atualização do talento humano da área da saúde, mediante processos de educação virtual com diversidade nas modalidades e ofertas de formação. Conclusões: A reconstrução da experiência da Colômbia mostrou a evolução e o fortalecimento do CVSP para oferecer processos de formação com qualidade, a fim de responder aos problemas e necessidades do país. A consolidação do Campus deve-se ao trabalho colaborativo entre as universidades e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

3.
Rev Med Chil ; 147(2): 190-198, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31095167

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes (GD) impacts maternal and fetal morbidity. In 2012, the World Diabetes Foundation provided financing project in Barranquilla (Colombia), aimed to implement a clinical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. AIM: To estimate the adherence of the guide in primary care centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Cross-sectional study of pregnant women suspected of having gestational diabetes. Pregnant women were classified according to the week of admission to the prenatal control program: < week 24 or later. Women with a fasting blood glucose over 92 mg/dL and under 126 mg/dL or with some positive result to the oral glucose tolerance test were included. RESULTS: Nine percent (1,887 women) of 21,699 registries of pregnant women, were at risk for gestational diabetes. Of these, 1,880 registries with complete data were analyzed. Sixty nine entered the program at less than 24 weeks of pregnancy and 71% had had a fasting blood glucose measured in the first control. In 69.2% of these women, criteria for gestational diabetes was met. A glucose tolerance test was suggested to women with a blood glucose below 92 mg/dl. Among 72% of the latter, the glucose tolerance test met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Among the 498 women who entered the program after 24 weeks of gestation, 68% met the criteria for gestational diabetes with the fasting blood glucose levels. In 90 women, a glucose tolerance test was performed and 80% met the criteria for gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: An adequate adherence to guidelines favors the detection of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/normas , Humanos , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/normas , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Rev Invest Clin ; 69(2): 59-65, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28453504

RESUMO

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women of reproductive age and is also the most costly according to European reports. In this context, the aim of the present review is to identify factors that make breast cancer in premenopausal women an epidemiological challenge in developing countries. Epidemiological aspects of breast cancer, including risk factors, early detection methods, and treatment, are addressed. Breast cancer in premenopausal women should be included in the political and strategic agendas in developing countries to direct the necessary resources for prevention, detection, and control.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Pré-Menopausa , Fatores Etários , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
5.
Rev Med Chil ; 143(11): 1411-8, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26757865

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases in Western societies. AIM: To determine the sociodemographic and motivational factors associated with physical activity in college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) -short form- and the "motives for physical activities measure-revised" (MPAM-R) questionnaire were applied to 900 university students aged 20 ± 3 years (60% women). The frequency, level and motivations for engaging in physical activity and associated demographic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty two percent of students were classified as having a high level of physical activity, 54.8% had a low level and 13.9% were considered inactive. According to MET consumption, 68.9% of students are inactive and only 16.8% of students classified as very active. Ninety two percent of active students performed physical activity for health reasons. A significant association between gender and social motivation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of physical inactivity was found in these students. Males showed higher levels of physical activity than females.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Motivação , Atividade Motora , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
6.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 148 Suppl 2: 55-60, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31975401

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the spatial distribution of the risk of Zika virus disease in each region of Colombia during the 2015-2016 epidemic. METHODS: An ecological study was designed to estimate the risks for each Colombian region using first-order neighbors, covariate effects, and three adjacent periods of time (beginning, development, and end of the epidemic) to analyze the spatial distribution of the disease based on a Bayesian hierarchical model. RESULTS: Spatial distribution of the estimated risks of Zika virus disease showed that it increased in a strip that crosses the central area of the country from west to east. Analysis of the three time periods showed greater risk of the disease in the central and southern zones-Arauca and Santander-where the increase in risk was four times higher during the peak phase compared with the initial phase of the outbreak. CONCLUSION: In the identified high-risk areas, integrated surveillance systems for Zika virus disease and its complications must be strengthened to provide up-to-date and accurate epidemiological information. This information would allow those involved in policy and decision making to identify new outbreaks and risk clusters, enabling more focused and accurate measures to target at-risk populations.


Assuntos
Medição de Risco , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Teorema de Bayes , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Epidemias , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espacial , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle
7.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 46: e105, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450257

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo. Reconstruir la experiencia del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública (CVSP) desde el año 2012 al 2019 en Colombia. Métodos. Se realizó la sistematización de la experiencia del proceso de formación en salud pública para Colombia, por intermedio del Campus para el periodo de 2012 a 2019. La información se presenta en series transversales de periodos de tiempo para visibilizar la evolución histórica del CVSP en Colombia. Resultados. Se han capacitado 2 627 profesionales de la salud en cursos con tutoría y 34 012 en cursos de autoaprendizaje en temáticas relevantes, actualizadas y prioritarias en salud pública. Se destaca la oportunidad y acceso a regiones remotas que ha tenido el Campus mediante procesos de formación sin costo para el usuario final. La experiencia destaca la relevancia del Campus en la reducción de la brecha de actualización del talento humano en salud, mediante procesos de educación virtual, con diversidad en la modalidad y en la oferta formativa. Conclusiones. La reconstrucción de la experiencia en Colombia mostró la evolución y fortalecimiento del CVSP para ofertar procesos de formación con calidad para responder a los problemas y necesidades del país; la consolidación del Campus se debió al trabajo colaborativo entre las universidades y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.


ABSTRACT Objective. Reconstruct the experience of the Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) from 2012 to 2019 in Colombia. Methods. The experience of public health training through the VCPH in Colombia in the period 2012-2019 was systematized. The information is presented in cross-section time series to show the evolution of the VCPH in Colombia over time. Results. A total of 2 627 health professionals took tutored courses and 34 012 followed self-learning courses on relevant, up-to-date, priority public health issues. An important aspect was the opportunity to access remote regions through VCPH training processes that were cost-free for end users. The experience highlights the relevance of the VCPH in reducing the gap in updated human talent in the health field through virtual education with diversity in its modalities and content. Conclusions. Reconstruction of the experience in Colombia showed how the VCPH evolved and strengthened to offer quality training processes that respond to the country's problems and needs. Collaborative work between universities and the Pan American Health Organization resulted in consolidation of the VCPH.


RESUMO Objetivo. Reconstruir a experiência do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) de 2012 a 2019 na Colômbia. Métodos. Realizou-se a sistematização da experiência do processo de formação em saúde pública na Colômbia por meio do Campus, referente ao período de 2012 a 2019. As informações são apresentadas em séries transversais de períodos de tempo para mostrar a evolução histórica do CVSP na Colômbia. Resultados. Foram capacitados 2.627 profissionais de saúde em cursos com instrutor e 34.012 em cursos de autoaprendizagem sobre temas relevantes, atuais e prioritários de saúde pública. Destacam-se a oportunidade e o acesso a regiões remotas que o Campus obteve, por meio de processos de formação sem custo para o usuário final. A experiência destaca a relevância do Campus na redução da lacuna de atualização do talento humano da área da saúde, mediante processos de educação virtual com diversidade nas modalidades e ofertas de formação. Conclusões. A reconstrução da experiência da Colômbia mostrou a evolução e o fortalecimento do CVSP para oferecer processos de formação com qualidade, a fim de responder aos problemas e necessidades do país. A consolidação do Campus deve-se ao trabalho colaborativo entre as universidades e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

8.
Gac Sanit ; 20(3): 220-7, 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16756860

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the adherence to a therapeutic plan of awareness of hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of the study "Arterial hypertension and other factors of risk in the elderly (> or = 60 years) Spanish population". This was a population-based survey of 4.009 older Spaniards. Information for this survey was obtained thorough household personal interviews to evaluate if these determining factors are independent of socio-demographic variables, the use of health system, lifestyles and the quality of life related to health. RESULTS: In men, the adherence to a therapeutic plan according to the regions studied (OR Rural = 3.9; OR Cantabrian = 1.9). Beside general health (OR = 1.01). With respect to the women, the ones that complied with the therapeutic plan more frequently had a low scholastic level (OR = 1.8), physical condition (OR = 1.02), and had more frequent home medical visits monthly (OR = 3.0). The women with poor adherence had two chronic illnesses (OR = 0.6) CONCLUSIONS: There are regional differences, gender, educational and to measure health-related quality of life. This demonstrates poor adherence, so the strategy should be directed toward in this variables mentioned.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha
9.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 80(3): 233-42, 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16838468

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, improvement has been observed in the control of arterial hypertension in Spain. Such control has an effect in the decrease of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to identify factors associated to the control of arterial hypertension in awareness of hypertension among males and females who receive pharmacological treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, made in basis of the following study data: "Arterial Hypertension and other risk factors in the population of 60 years old and more in Spain". The sample included 1461 hypertensive patients treated pharmacologically, selected by probabilistic and multistage sampling. The information recollected about the control of arterial hypertension, social and demographic variables, lifestyle, healthcare service usage, and life quality related to health, by residence interviewing. RESULTS: No differences between gender were observed in the control of hypertension (p = 0.09), In men control were significantly linked to: residence in rural areas (OR = 1.83; CI at 95%: 1.06-3.14); being single (OR = 3.40; CI at 95%: 1.32-8.74); and exercising (OR = 1.69; CI at 95%: 1.06-2.69). Women who consume alcohol in a moderate way controlled themselves more (OR = 1.63; CI at 95% 1.14-2.33). CONCLUSIONS: This research determines, according to gender, some factors related with the control of arterial hypertension in awareness of hypertension patients treated pharmacologically. In male patients the control is related to: living in rural areas, being single and physical activity. While in females control was associated with moderate alcohol consumption.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Conscientização , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Espanha/epidemiologia
10.
Salud UNINORTE ; 37(1): 189-204, ene.-abr. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365975

RESUMO

RESUMEN El abordaje para la investigación de brotes/pandemias es una actividad desafiante, necesaria y retadora para los salubristas y epidemiólogos. Esta actuación permite que los servicios de epidemiología y de vigilancia profundicen el conocimiento de la enfermedad, recaben datos históricos de episodios pandémicos, caractericen vulnerables, planteen hipótesis e intervengan los factores de riesgos en un contexto ambiental y sociocultural determinado con una actuación local y una perspectiva global. Se considera un abordaje sindémico, de tal manera que conjugan aspectos de determinantes sociales interconectados y profundizando en la pandemia.


ABSTRACT The outbreak/pandemic investigation approach is a challenging, necessary and challenging activity for health professionals and epidemiologists. This approach allows epidemiology and surveillance services to deepen their knowledge of the disease, collect historical data on pandemic episodes, characterize vulnerabilities, develop hypotheses and intervene risk factors in a given environmental and sociocultural context with local action and a global perspective. A syndemic approach is considered, in such such a way that it combines aspects of interconnected social determinants and deepening in the pandemic.

11.
Educ. med. super ; 35(3): e2133, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1339818

RESUMO

Introducción: El abordaje de las epidemias/pandemias debe llevarse a cabo desde una enseñanza transversal que involucre un pensamiento completo. Objetivo: Evaluar diferentes herramientas pedagógicas para el aprendizaje significativo activo en el aula. Métodos: Estudio de caso (n = 10), sin grupo de control, en el contexto de un seminario internacional. Se empleó una encuesta de percepciones y creencias ante pandemias, a través de la estrategia didáctica para observar, reflexionar y aplicar mediante el cine, y otros insumos para apoyar el aprendizaje. Resultados: Los docentes se mostraron favorables a la utilización del cine en el aula durante la propuesta metodológica, y apoyaron los instrumentos empleados para el aprendizaje y la dinámica docente en situaciones epidemiológicas. Asimismo, mejoró el proceso pedagógico, el análisis de los fenómenos desde la perspectiva local, la capacidad de objetivar situaciones que fomenten un pensamiento complejo y el uso de la interdisciplinariedad en el aula. Conclusiones: La incorporación del género de cine pandémico, acompañado de la estrategia ORA, el uso de cuestionario de percepciones y creencias, y otros insumos, mejora el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, favorece el abordaje de problemas de pensamiento complejo, y mejora la empatía entre docentes y estudiantes en el aula(AU)


Introduction: Approach to epidemics/pandemics must be carried out from transversal teaching that involves complete thinking. Objective: To assess different pedagogical tools for active meaningful learning in the classroom. Methods: Case study (n= 10), without a control group, carried out in the context of an international seminar. A survey of perceptions and beliefs during pandemics was used by means of the didactic strategy to observe, reflect and apply through cinema and other elements to support learning. Results: The professors supported the use of cinema in the classroom during the methodological proposal, as well as the instruments used for learning and teaching dynamics in epidemiological situations. Likewise, there was an improvement of the pedagogical process, the analysis of phenomena from the local perspective, the ability to objectify situations that promote complex thinking, and the use of interdisciplinarity in the classroom. Conclusions: The incorporation of the pandemic cinema genre, accompanied by the observation-relation-application strategy, the use of a perceptions and beliefs questionnaire, as well as other elements, improves the teaching-learning process, favors the approach to complex thinking problems, and improves empathy between professors and students in the classroom(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Saúde Pública/educação , Aprendizagem , Filmes Cinematográficos
12.
Rev. salud pública ; 23(4): 1-jul.-ago. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424388

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la relación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y el estado nutricional de los niños pertenecientes a dos comunidades indígenas de la Costa Caribe colombiana, los wayús y los zenús. Métodos Estudio transversal que aborda el estado nutricional de los wayús y los zenús en edad preescolar y escolar. Incluyendo, además, estimación de determinantes sociales de la salud, referida por cuidadores de menores, que aborda algunos aspectos de ejes de desigualdad de tipo estructural (etnia, territorio, edad y sexo) e intermedios: vivienda, entorno y redes, mediante instrumentos de salud familiar. Se estandarizaron métricas de talla, peso e insumos de familiograma y ecomapa. Se estimaron medidas descriptivas de tipo frecuentistas y de medidas de tendencia central. Se estimó la odds ratio y su relación con variables independientes. Resultados La prevalencia de desnutrición global en la etnia Wayú fue del 59,1% IC (47,569,8) y en la etnia Zenú del 22,4% IC (15,9-30,4) para una p<0,001. Esta diferencia se relaciona con factores de riesgo intermediarios de saneamiento: inadecuadas excretas con OR=2.54; IC (1.42-4.53) p=0.002, la falta de empleo OR=1.94; IC (1.09-3.46) P=0.03 y falta de acceso a servicios de salud occidental OR=2.42; IC (1.34-4.40) p=0.005. Conclusiones La mejora en la nutrición requiere intervenir determinantes intermedios relacionados con saneamiento, modelo de salud, intersectorialidad de políticas en salud más enfoque étnico-cultural y territorial.


ABSTRACT Objetive To identify the relationship between the Health's Social Determinants and the nutritional status of children belonging to two indigenous communities on the Colombian Caribbean coast, the Wayú and the Zenú. Methods Cross-sectional study that addresses nutritional status in wayúes and zenúes at preschool and school age. Also including the estimation of health's social determinants, referred by minor's caregivers, which addresses some aspects of structural ¡nequality axes (ethnicity, territory, age, and sex) and intermediates: housing, environment, and networks, through health instruments family. Metrics for height, weight, and inputs for the familiogram and ecomap were standardized. Descriptive measures of frequencies and central tendency were estimated. Odds ratio and its relationship with ¡ndependent variables were estimated. Results The prevalence of global malnutrition in the Wayú ethnic group was 59.1% (47.5-69.8) and in the Zenú ethnic group 22.4% (15.9-30.4) for a p<0.001. This difference is related to intermedíate risk factors with sanitation: inadequate excreta with OR=2.54; CI (1.42-4.53) p=0.002, lack of employment OR=1.94; CI (1.09-3.46) P=0.03 and lack of access to western health services OR=2.42; IC (1.34-4.40) p=0.005. Conclusions Improvement in nutrition requires the intervention of intermediate determinants related to sanitation, health model, intersectoriality of health policies plus an ethnic-cultural and territorial focus.

13.
Rev. salud pública ; 23(6): e204, nov.-dic. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377211

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en 117 profesionales y 229 auxiliares de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia), dos públicos y dos privados. Se empleó una encuesta anónima con datos sociodemográficos y la escala de Maslach. Resultados La prevalencia global del síndrome de burnout o desgaste profesional fue de 65%. En profesionales de enfermería, fue de 63,2% y en auxiliares de enfermería, de 65,9%. El 13,3% de los participantes presentó un grado elevado de burnout para el cansancio emocional; el 9,2%, para la despersonalización; y el 62,7% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. En los profesionales de enfermería, el 12,7% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 7,4% para despersonalización, y 64,2% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Por su parte, en los auxiliares de enfermería el comportamiento en algunas subescalas fue muy similar; el 14,5% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 12,8%, para despersonalización y 59,8% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Conclusiones La presencia del síndrome de burnout en la población estudiada es alta. Es similar tanto en enfermeros como en auxiliares de enfermería. La dimensión más afectada fue la realización personal en ambos grupos estudiados, lo cual corresponde a sentimientos altos del "quemado".


ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing staff in four hospitals located in the State of Atlántico (Colombia). Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and included as participants 117 nursing professionals and 229 nursing auxiliaries from four hospitals located in the State of Atlantico (Colombia), two public and two privates. An anonymous self-study survey was used on sociodemographic, labor data and Maslach Scale. Results The overall prevalence of Burnout Syndrome or professional burnout was 65%. In nursing professionals it was 63,2% and in nursing auxiliaries 65,9%. At least 13,3% of the participants had a high degree of Burnout from emotional exhaustion, 9.2% for depersonalization, and 62,7% had low scores for personal fulfillment. In nursing professionals, 12,7% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 7,4% for depersonalization, and 64,2% obtained low scores for personal fulfillment. On the other hand, in nursing auxiliaries the behavior in some subscales was very similar, 14,5% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 12,8% for depersonalization and 59,8% had low scores for personal fulfillment. Conclusions The presence of burnout syndrome is high in the studied population, it is similar in both, nurses and nursing auxiliaries. The most affected dimension was the personal fulfillment in both groups, which corresponds to high feelings of the "burned".

14.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 53(1): e21005, Marzo 12, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356811

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: El impacto social y sanitario que ha generado la pandemia COVID-19 a nivel global permite repensar aspectos de vigilancia epidemiológica y comunicación en tiempos de crisis. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la pandemia COVID-19 en los departamentos y distritos especiales de la región caribe colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis documental e interpretativo a partir de fuentes secundarias de vigilancia nacional "SIVIGILA" y datos de entes territoriales. Resultados: Cartagena de Indias es la primera unidad territorial del Caribe en presentar casos por COVID-19, seguido de Santa Marta y Barranquilla. El mayor número de casos se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Cartagena y Córdoba. Así mismo, la mayor tasa de muertes por 100 000 habitantes se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Córdoba, Santa Marta, Sucre y Cartagena. En el Caribe se implementaron estrategias de distanciamiento social como prohibición de eventos masivos y cierre de fronteras. Discusión: Para describir el comportamiento de la pandemia es importante que las autoridades sanitarias continúen asumiendo el reto para la detección, sistematización y manejo oportuno de los casos. El comportamiento de la pandemia ha sido similar en los departamentos del Caribe Colombiano, hay una homogeneidad al momento de acatar las normas del gobierno, y cada región adaptó diferentes estrategias dentro de un marco general para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Se recomienda fortalecer la similitud entre los datos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud, SIVIGILA y los entes territoriales. El talento humano en salud cualificado puede soportar este ejercicio a fin de superar la actuación mediática y avanzar hacia la gobernanza.


Abstract Background: The social and health impact generated by the COVID-19 pandemic allows us to re-think aspects of epidemiological surveillance and communication in struggle-times. Objective: To describe the behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic in the departments and special districts of the Colombian Caribbean region. Methodology: This is a documentary and interpretive analysis from secondary sources of National Surveillance "SIVIGILA" and data from local governments. Results: Cartagena de Indias is the first territorial area in the Caribbean to present cases COVID-19, followed by Santa Marta and Barranquilla. The highest number of cases was registered in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Cartagena and Córdoba. Likewise, the highest death rate per 100,000 inhabitants was observed in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Córdoba, Santa Marta, Sucre and Cartagena. In the Caribbean, social distancing was implemented, as well as the limitation of mass gatherings and border closure. Discussion: To describe the pandemic behavior, it is important that health authorities continue to assume the challenges of detection, systematization, and timely handling of cases. The COVID-19 performance has been similar in the Colombian Caribbean. There is a homogeneity regarding the government regulations compliance and each region adapted different strategies to reduce the incidence of the dicease. It is recommended to strengthen the concordance between the data reported by the Ministry of Health, SIVIGILA, and the territorial entities. Qualified human talent can support this exercise in order to overcome the media performance through the strengthening of governance.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Pública , Notificação de Doenças , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Governança em Saúde , Colômbia
15.
Salud UNINORTE ; 36(1): 140-157, ene.-abr. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252126

RESUMO

RESUMÉN Objetivo: Valorar el uso de la película comercial "Contagión" como estrategia para la enseñanza del método epidemiológico aplicado al campo de epidemias/pandemias. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un proyecto de aula que involucró diversas tecnologías emergentes y de comunicación para disponer de herramientas atractivas y pedagógicas que favorezcan aprendizaje significativo para abordaje de temáticas complejas. La actuación pedagógica involucró diversos insumos: inicialmente se presenta la caracterización de un cuestionario "ah doc" que valoró creencias y percepciones ante una epidemia/pandemia y cómo visibilizaban entes de salud locales e internacionales, los científicos, la comunidad y el uso de película en el escenario de aprendizaje. Participaron 131 estudiantes. Resultados: En síntesis, los estudiantes identifican que este tipo de película muestra una realidad para el 70,2% (acuerdo y totalmente de acuerdo),favorece conductas de protección en un 80,2 % y al 78,6 % le modifica su conocimiento con respecto a la protección de salud. Favorece un aprendizaje en el aula, y para el 42 % se expresa de manera indiferente un estereotipo muy alejado de los científicos. Con este insumo inicial se desarrolló la sesión introductoria de abordaje de puntos críticos en la metodología epidemiológica ante una epidemia/pandemia; lo que permitió ilustrar la acción epidemiológica versus el contexto real o simulado, destacando actuaciones que involucran actos humanos. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes expresaron actitud positiva respecto a la estrategia utilizada en el aula, que se constituye en un insumo pertinente, activo, crítico y eficaz para el aprendizaje en el aula.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the use of commercial film "Contagion" as a strategy for teaching the epidemiological method applied to the field of epidemics/pandemics. Materials and methods: This is a classroom project that involved various emerging and communication technologies in order to have attractive and pedagogical tools that encourage meaningful learning to address complex issues. The pedagogical action involved several inputs: Initially, the characterization of an "ah doc." questionnaire was presented, which evaluated beliefs and perceptions in the face of an epidemic/pandemic and how local and international health entities, scientists, the community and the use of film in the learning scenario made them visible, with 131 students participating. Results: In summary, students identified that this type of film shows a reality "in agreement and total agreement in 70.2 %, favors protective behavior in 80.2 % and 78.6 % modify their knowledge with respect to health protection. This positions that it favors a learning in the classroom and for 42 % it expresses in an indifferent way a stereotype very far from the scientists. With this initial input, the introductory session was held to address critical points in the epidemiological methodology in the face of an epidemic/pandemic, which made it possible to illustrate the epidemiological action versus the real or simulated context by highlighting actions involving human acts. Conclusions: Students expressed a positive attitude towards the strategy used in the classroom, which constitutes a relevant, active, critical and effective input for classroom learning.

16.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(2): 257-269, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124223

RESUMO

Introducción. La obesidad se considera un grave problema de salud pública y por ello se hacen esfuerzos en la búsqueda de genes como el LEP, el LEPR y el MC4R del sistema leptina-melanocortina, el cual opera en la regulación neuroendocrina de la ingestión y el equilibrio energético e influye en la patogenia de la enfermedad. Los resultados contradictorios en torno a la asociación de estos genes con la obesidad plantean la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones. Objetivo. Analizar los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R asociados con la obesidad y sus variables clínicas y bioquímicas en una muestra de pacientes adultos de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 111 personas obesas y 155 no obesas como controles. Los polimorfismos se determinaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real. Se tomaron las medidas antropométricas, se evaluó la presión arterial y se hicieron pruebas bioquímicas. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en la frecuencia alélica y genotípica de los polimorfismos en los grupos estudiados. En cuanto a las variables clínicas y bioquímicas, el genotipo CC del polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R, se asoció con un aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y, el alelo T y su genotipo homocigoto, con una disminución del colesterol HDL en los obesos. No se evidenció ningún efecto de los otros polimorfismos en estas variables. Conclusiones. Los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R, no se asociaron con obesidad en la población analizada. Se encontró que el polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R influyó en el aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y la disminución del colesterol HDL en las personas obesas.


Introduction: Obesity is considered a serious public health problem. Efforts have been directed to search for candidate genes such as LEP, LEPR, and MC4R involved in the leptin- melanocortin system. The neuroendocrine regulation of these genes on energy intake and balance influences the pathogenesis of this disease. Contradictory results regarding the association of these genes with obesity raise the need for new research. Objective: To analyze the association between obesity and LEP rs2167270, LEPR rs1137101, and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms and the clinical and biochemical variables in obese adults from Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods: We analyzed 111 obese adults and 155 non-obese individuals as controls. The polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR. Besides, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical tests were evaluated. Results: No statistical differences were found in allele and genotype frequencies of gene polymorphisms between groups. The CC genotype of MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism was associated with increased systolic blood pressure and T allele and TT genotype, with decreased HDL cholesterol in obese adults. The effect of the other polymorphisms on these variables was not evidenced. Conclusions: LEP rs2167270, LEPR rs1137101, and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were not associated with obesity in the population under study. MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in HDL cholesterol.


Assuntos
Polimorfismo Genético , Obesidade/genética
17.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 77(5): 595-604, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14608962

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The depression is a principal problem of public health. The principal aim of this study is to determine the role of the social groups as factor protective in elderly, to evaluate the agreement by American Psychiatric Association Criterions and Hamilton Depression test, and also to determine other socio-cultural risk factors associated with depressive syndrome in elderly. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 602 elderly people (eligible subjects) were men (223) and women (379) between 60 and 94 years (males and females), residents in the south-west of Barranquilla, Colombia. A previously tested, self answer questionnaire was used, therefore, we needed a report consent. Risk measures: Odds Ratio (OR-95% Confidence intervalue), Kappa test to agreement by the nine criteria of the American Psychiatric Association and Hamilton test so, screening testing. RESULTS: The participation in social groups was a protector factor. (Odds Ratio = 0.5; 95% CI 0.34-0.73, p = 0.001). The rate 29.9% was obtained with prevalence of depression in elderly (21.4%-39.4%) affecting principally males (32.7%). The agreement by Kappa test = 0.63 was very important or good. Sensibility = 56.1% (48.5%-63.4%) Specificity = 0.93% (97.8%-99.8%) and Predictive Positive Value = 97.1% (91.2%-99.3%). CONCLUSIONS: This survey was to determine risk factors related to depression in elderly in anyway can be potentially modifiable. The familiar disfunction by moderate and serious, the lack as blindness and deafness, the loneliness, the housingness and low incomes were obtained with risk factors associated to depression. The participation in a social group is a protective factor to depression syndrome in elders. The nine criteria of the American Psychiatric Association to allow the depressed patient exactly as sick even though is not necessary to screening because this test is low sensibility for used in a population elderly.


Assuntos
Depressão/prevenção & controle , Apoio Social , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População Urbana
18.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 45(1): 7-14, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24970954

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the self-reported perceived health related to socio-demographic characteristics, social health inequalities and social capital in Colombia. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional design; data was obtained from the National Health Survey of Colombia 2007. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: socio-demographic characteristics; component variables: social health inequality and social capital. Dependent variable: self-reported health. Analysis of the relationship used logistic regression through OR and its confidence interval. RESULTS: The determinant factors for a negative health perceptions are related to being a female (OR: 0.49 [0.47 to 0.52]), and in both genders being older than 37 years of age (OR: 0.72 [0.61 to 0.85]), living without a partner, black ethnicity, indigenous women (0.80 [0.69 to 0.94] and low economic incomes. DISCUSSION: The relationship between social determinants and social capital in the perception of health shows inequities and indirectly reflects the level of health. Given the policies and the model of health, requires a rational adjustment of the goals, programs, and national and regional strategies with the object of improving the demand and quality of services.


OBJETIVO: Analizar la percepción de salud relacionada con características sociodemográficas, las desigualdades sociosanitarias y el capital social en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Los datos provenientes de la Encuesta nacional de salud de Colombia 2007. Variables independientes: características sociodemográficas y variables componentes: desigualdad sociosanitaria y capital social. Variable dependiente percepción del estado de salud. Análisis de la relación mediante regresión logística a través de la OR y su intervalo de confianza. RESULTADOS: Los factores determinantes para una percepción negativa de salud están relacionados con ser mujer (OR: 0.49 [0.47-0.52]), para hombres y mujeres ser mayor de 37 años (OR: 0.72 [0.61-0.85]), vivir sin pareja, ethnicidad negro/a; indígena en mujeres (0.80 [0.69-0.94] y bajos ingresos económicos. DISCUSIÓN: La relación entre los determinantes sociales y el capital social en la percepción de salud muestra inequidades y reflejan indirectamente el nivel de salud; dadas las políticas y el modelo de salud se requiere un ajuste racional de las metas y programas y estrategias nacionales y regionales con el objeto de mejorar la demanda y la calidad de los servicios.


Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Capital Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(2): 190-198, Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004332

RESUMO

Background: Gestational diabetes (GD) impacts maternal and fetal morbidity. In 2012, the World Diabetes Foundation provided financing project in Barranquilla (Colombia), aimed to implement a clinical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Aim: To estimate the adherence of the guide in primary care centers. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study of pregnant women suspected of having gestational diabetes. Pregnant women were classified according to the week of admission to the prenatal control program: < week 24 or later. Women with a fasting blood glucose over 92 mg/dL and under 126 mg/dL or with some positive result to the oral glucose tolerance test were included. Results: Nine percent (1,887 women) of 21,699 registries of pregnant women, were at risk for gestational diabetes. Of these, 1,880 registries with complete data were analyzed. Sixty nine entered the program at less than 24 weeks of pregnancy and 71% had had a fasting blood glucose measured in the first control. In 69.2% of these women, criteria for gestational diabetes was met. A glucose tolerance test was suggested to women with a blood glucose below 92 mg/dl. Among 72% of the latter, the glucose tolerance test met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Among the 498 women who entered the program after 24 weeks of gestation, 68% met the criteria for gestational diabetes with the fasting blood glucose levels. In 90 women, a glucose tolerance test was performed and 80% met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Conclusions: An adequate adherence to guidelines favors the detection of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/normas , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Transversais , Idade Gestacional , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/normas
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