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1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in Turkish poultry flocks; hence, this study was performed to analyse CVI988/Rispens, turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine viruses and MDV field viruses as well as to perform phylogenetic analysis of MDV in Turkish layer chickens. 2. In 2017 and 2018, a total of 602 spleen samples from 49 layer flocks were collected from the Marmara, West Black Sea and Aegean regions. DNA was extracted from the spleen samples and the samples were analysed by real-time PCR probe assay to detect CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine viruses and MDV field strains. Samples found positive for MDV by real-time PCR were subjected to PCR using the Meq gene primers for phylogenetic analysis. 3. Amongst 49 flocks, virulent MDV was detected in nine flocks. CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine strains were detected in 47 flocks and HVT in all 49 flocks. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and tumours in the oviduct were observed in chickens of affected flocks. Virulent MDV was detected in 120 out of 602 spleen samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed that MDVs detected in this study were closely related to MDV strains from Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India and China but showed diversity with MDV strains from Egypt and Hungary. Multiple sequence analysis of the Meq protein revealed several point mutations in deduced amino acid sequences. Interestingly, CVI988/Rispens vaccine virus from China (AF493555) showed mutations at position 66 (G66R) and 71 (S66A) along with two other vaccine strains from China (GU354326.1) and Russia (EU032468.1), in comparison with the other vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens (DQ534538). The molecular analyses of the Meq gene suggested that Turkish field strains of MDV are in the class of virulent or very virulent pathotypes. 4. The results have shown that MDV still affects poultry health, and the phylogenetic and amino acid variation data obtained will help in vaccination and control strategies.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Galináceo 2 , Doença de Marek , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , China , Herpesvirus Galináceo 2/genética , Índia , Itália , Doença de Marek/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Polônia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Federação Russa , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
The study concerns evaluation of engagement of serotonergic system in the mechanisms of antimutagenic protection and survival under adverse conditions. It is shown that under long-term exposure to oil and industrial pollution, simultaneous sharp increase of mutations level in the erythrocytes and downregulation of serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP; Mekhtiev 2000) in the livers of the sturgeon juveniles (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii persicus) is observed. Mutation level was evaluated by the micronucleus analysis and SMAP level-by the indirect ELISA-test utilizing anti-SMAP immunoglobulins. Intramuscular administration of SMAP leads to significant decrease of micronucleus amount in the erythrocytes of the sturgeon juveniles exposed to sediments polluted with PAH and heavy metals. Pre-conditioning of sazans by low dose of insecticide actara (100 mg/l) leads to upregulation of SMAP and to survival of all the animals in the experimental group, kept under high concentration of actara (400 mg/l), while all animals in the control group succumbed under these conditions. I.m. administration of SMAP prior to putting the sazans into the water containing high levels of actara (400 mg/l), in contrast to controls, leads to their total survival. Participation of serotonergic system in the mechanisms of antimutagenic protection and survival promotion under damaging conditions is concluded.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/fisiologia , Peixes/fisiologia , Longevidade/fisiologia , Serotonina/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação , Petróleo/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da ÁguaRESUMO
Excessive usage of the Internet can negatively affect health and health practices especially among youth. To examine the issue among Turkish students, this study determined the association between high-school students' attitudes towards Internet usage and their health behaviour. The sample (n = 2043) was randomly drawn from all students at two high schools in Turkey: one in Anatolia and one (a vocational school) in Istanbul. Data were collected using the Structured Questionnaire, Attitude Scale towards Internet Usage (ASTIU) and Adolescent Lifestyle Profile (ALP). The mean age of the students was 16.3 years, 77.7% were male and 96.9% used the Internet; mean duration of Internet use was 18.8 h/week. Female students had more positive attitudes towards Internet usage. Mean scores for ASTIU and ALP were 72.58 (SD 17.64) and 111.34 (SD 16.61) respectively, which were average levels. There was a statistically significant but weak overall negative correlation between adolescents' attitudes towards Internet usage and their health behaviour. Our results concur with studies in different cultures which suggest some negative effects, of heavy Internet use.
Assuntos
Atitude , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Turquia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We investigated the phenotype-genotype association of the following endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851, in patients suffering from migraine living in Edirne, Turkey. A total of 175 individuals, who had been diagnosed with migraine between April 2013 and December 2013, at the Neurology Department, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey, and 125 healthy controls were recruited. The above gene polymorphisms were analyzed from genomic DNA in both patient and control groups, using the pyro-sequencing method. The eNOS rs1799983 TT genotype frequency in migraine patients who had a headache duration of longer than 24 hours was statistically significantly higher than in patients who had migraine attacks that lasted under 24 hours (p = 0.047). In terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the severity of headache was statistically significant, and was found to be severe in 61.0% (p = 0.0001). Also in terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the duration of headache was statistically significant, and was >24 hours in 56.0% of patients (p = 0.008). In our study, there was no significant genotypephenotype relationship between eNOS rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851 gene polymorphisms and migraine patients with and without aura living in Edirne, Turkey. The AGGTGGA haplotype constitutes a risk in terms of the severity and the duration of headaches in patients with migraine. This risk is significantly higher in patients with migraine with aura than patients with migraine without aura.
RESUMO
Endocrine disruptors frequently bear little structural relationship to the hormone whose actions they disrupt. Consequently, the threat of an uninvestigated chemical cannot easily be assessed. Here three different approaches to assessment are discussed. The first presumes an endocrine-disrupting property, following which a cell model capable of responding to such a hormone is used. Although simple and cheap, it provides limited data. A second approach involves multiple assays to detect multiple hormones. Increasing the amount of data increased the difficulty in assessing the significance of results. To meet this problem, cluster analysis based on a simple mathematical matrix was adopted. The matrix was used to determine (i) a limited number of assays to identify a maximum number of endocrine disruptors and (ii) the chemicals with the most wide-ranging effects. A third approach was a whole genome expression analysis based on expression of mRNAs in human TE671 medulloblastoma cells. Expression of individual mRNAs was assessed using the Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip. The significance of differential expressed genes was assessed based on gene ontology and pathways analyses using DAVID and GenMaPP programs. The results illustrated the very wide-ranging effects of these chemicals across the genome.
Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos/análise , Disruptores Endócrinos/farmacologia , Alternativas aos Testes com Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/análise , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Análise por Conglomerados , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Plastificantes/análise , Receptores de Estrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Association of some neurotropic viruses like Borna Disease virus and Herpes virus with schizophrenia is better explained. However, the role of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in schizophrenia is not well documented. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate possible association between schizophrenia and presence of antibodies and WNV RNA in schizophrenic patients. For this, 200 blood samples from patients with schizophrenia and 200 from control groups were collected in Istanbul, Turkey. WNV RNA was not detected in any of the 200 patients and 200 controls analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. One hundred and twelve sera of schizophrenic patients and 162 of controls were analyzed for the presence of IgG antibodies to WNV by a commercial IgG-ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). Antibodies to WNV were detected in 6 schizophrenic patients and 5 controls. ELISA positive patients had antipsychotic therapy. The difference between groups in terms of seropositivity to WNV was not statistically significant (p = 0.887, p = 0.148). Known symptoms of schizophrenia were observed in these patients, and interestingly majority had close contact to cats in the past and come from agricultural area of Turkey where potential area of mosquitoes and bird habitat. In conclusion, the results of this study show that antibodies to WNV in people do not seem to be associated with schizophrenia. However, detecting antibodies to WNV in schizophrenic patients suggests that WNV infection should be considered in endemic areas as it may play role in psychiatric diseases.
Assuntos
Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/patogenicidade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , Esquizofrenia/sangue , Turquia/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/sangue , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on chronic oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and serum with biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), catalase, glutathione (GSH), and free-thiols (F-SH). METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control, n=10), group II (irradiation-alone group, n=10) and group III (DMSO and irradiation group, n=10). Rats in groups II and III were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy to the entire liver and right kidney. Group III received DMSO 4.5 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before irradiation. At the end of the 24th week, the rats were sacrificed and their trunk blood, kidney and liver tissues were collected. RESULTS: Group II rats showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, with decreased GSH, FSH and catalase levels in all specimens when compared with group I. Serum and kidney MDA and AOPP levels were significantly lower in group III when compared with group II. However, serum and kidney GSH and F-SH levels were significantly higher in group III when compared with group II. The additive effect on catalase was seen only in the serum. CONCLUSION: DMSO is a protective agent on chronic oxidative stress in the serum and kidney tissue. No oxidant or antioxidant effect of DMSO in the liver was seen.
Assuntos
Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Rim/efeitos da radiação , Fígado/efeitos da radiação , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/sangue , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has been reported in several countries. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of norovirus in Turkish calves by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the phylogeny of any circulating strains. Fecal samples from 70 diarrheic calves were collected and analysed by SYBR Green qRT-PCR. BoNoV was detected in fecal samples from six calves. The capsid gene was partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. This showed that the six Turkish BoNoVs clustered with the GIII-2 prototype.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Animais , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Gastroenterite/virologia , Norovirus/classificação , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
1. The study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of enzyme and oregano essential oil at two levels, alone or together, on performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on wheat-soybean meal based diets. 2. The following dietary treatments were used from d 0 to 21. Diet 1 (control, CONT): a commercial diet containing no enzyme or oregano essential oil, diet 2 (ENZY): supplemented with enzyme, diet 3 (EO250): supplemented with essential oil at 250 mg/kg feed, diet 4 (EO500): supplemented with essential oil at 500 mg/kg feed, diet 5 (ENZY + EO250): supplemented with enzyme and essential oil at 250 mg/kg, and diet 6 (ENZY + EO500): supplemented with enzyme and essential oil at 500 mg/kg. 3. Birds fed on diets containing ENZY, EO250 and ENZY + EO250 had significantly higher weight gain than those given CONT diet from d 0 to 7. No significant effects on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, organ weights except for jejunum weight and intestinal lengths was found with either enzyme or essential oil, alone or in combination, over the 21-d growth period. The supplementation of essential oil together with enzyme decreased jejunum weight compared with essential oil alone. 4. Supplementation with enzyme significantly decreased viscosity and increased dry matter of digesta, but did not alter pH of digesta. There was no effect of essential oil alone at either concentration on viscosity, dry matter or pH of digesta. A significant decrease in viscosity of digesta appeared when essential oil was used with together enzyme. 5. The supplementation of essential oil at both levels with or without enzyme significantly increased chymotrypsin activity in the digestive system, and improved crude protein digestibility. 6. The higher concentration of essential oil with and without enzyme significantly increased serum total cholesterol concentrations. No significant effect on immune response was found with either enzyme or essential oil, alone or together. 7. Enzymes and essential oil had different modes of actions. The supplementation of enzyme with essential oil in diets is likely more effective in view of performance, nutrient digestibility, enzyme activities and immune system.
Assuntos
Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Suplementos Nutricionais/normas , Endo-1,4-beta-Xilanases/metabolismo , Enzimas/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Fezes/química , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Origanum , Distribuição Aleatória , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of temporary occlusion of the aorta on the development of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the visceral organs, the optimal timing of administration of resveratrol, and its mechanism of protection via inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) release with an NO synthase inhibitor. METHODS: Rabbits were divided into seven groups according to the administration period of resveratrol and/or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME): control group; group 1, resveratrol during ischemic period; group 2, resveratrol during reperfusion period; group 3, L-NAME during ischemic period; group 4, L-NAME during reperfusion period; group 5, resveratrol during ischemic period and L-NAME during reperfusion period; group 6, L-NAME during ischemic period and resveratrol during reperfusion period. The infrarenal aorta was clamped for 30 min. Blood samples were taken for the biochemical assessment, and organ specimens were taken for pathological assessment at 24hr of reperfusion. RESULTS: In groups 5 and 6, the renal I/R injury was comparatively milder (I/R injury score 1.04+/-0.29 in control group, 0.25+/-0.17 in group 5, and 0.33+/-0.13 in group 6 [p<0.05]). The I/R injury of bowel was milder in group 5 (I/R injury score 1.8+/-0.80 in control group vs. 0.0+/-0.0 in group 5 [p<0.05]). CONCLUSION: The protective effects of resveratrol on organs that have high metabolic rate like kidney and bowel was proven histopathologically. It may be beneficial to use different pharmacological medications in different periods of the I/R damage as they represent different characteristics with and without oxygen. The combination of resveratrol and L-NAME against I/R injury appears to be an effective option in the near future.
Assuntos
Aorta/cirurgia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/administração & dosagem , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Estilbenos/administração & dosagem , Vísceras/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Constrição , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Coelhos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , ResveratrolRESUMO
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major environmental problem in Turkey, as in many developing countries. Problems associated with municipal solid waste are difficult to address, but efforts towards more efficient collection and transportation and environmentally acceptable waste disposal continue in Turkey. Although strict regulations on the management of solid waste are in place, primitive disposal methods such as open dumping and discharge into surface water have been used in various parts of Turkey. This study presents a brief history of the legislative trends in Turkey for MSW management. The study also presents the MSW responsibility and management structure together with the present situation of generation, composition, recycling, and treatment. The results show that approximately 25 million ton of MSW are generated annually in Turkey. About 77% of the population receives MSW services. In spite of efforts to change open dumping areas into sanitary landfills and to build modern recycling and composting facilities, Turkey still has over 2000 open dumps.
Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos/legislação & jurisprudência , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Cidades , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Eliminação de Resíduos/normas , TurquiaRESUMO
The emergence of new infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) variants can threaten poultry health and production all over the world causing significant economic losses. Therefore, this study was performed to determine IBDV molecular epidemilogy, VP2 gene variation, and corresponding pathological lesions in IBDV infected chickens in Turkey. For this, 1855 bursa of Fabricius samples were collected from 371 vaccinated broiler flocks. Atrophia and haemorrhages were seen in the bursa Fabricius of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infected chickens. Partial VP2 gene was sequenced and phylogenetic, recombination, and evolutionary analyses were performed. 1548 (83.5%) out of 1855 of bursa of Fabricius samples were IBDV positive and 1525 of those could be sequenced. The recombination analysis did not detect occurrence of any recombination event among the Turkish strains. Among 1525 sequenced samples, 1380 of them were found to be classical strains. Among 1380 classical strains, 1317 were similar to IBDV 2512, 11 to Faragher 52/70, 40 to 228 E, and 12 to Lukert strain. Out of 1525 reverse transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction positive samples, 144 of them were found to be similar to vvIBDV-VP2 gene reported to GenBank previously. The phylogenetic tree performed on a broad sequence dataset demonstrated grouping of vvIBDV Turkish strains in three different clusters, including sequences collected also from Iraq and Kuwait (Cluster 1), Indian (Cluster 2), and a distinct Turkish-only cluster (Cluster 3). The evolutionary rate estimation on branches/clades including Turkish strain mirrored the expected one for RNA viruses and no significant differences were found among different considered branches. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that vvIBDV strains similar to those circulating in various countries in the Middle East are present and undergoing evolution in chickens from Turkish broiler flocks. This point needs to be taken into account in planning adequate control strategies.
Assuntos
Infecções por Birnaviridae/veterinária , Galinhas , Vírus da Doença Infecciosa da Bursa/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genética , Animais , Infecções por Birnaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Birnaviridae/virologia , Evolução Molecular , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA/veterinária , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The effects of four compounds, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP); diisodecylphthalate (DIP); 4-n-octylphenol (OP); 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (CMP), on gene expression (steady-state mRNA levels) across the whole human genome were studied in human TE671 cells. Effects were studied using the Affymetrics GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0, HG-U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, The array analyses the expression of 47,000 transcripts and variants, including approximately 38,500 well characterised. All four compounds exerted statistically significant actions, affecting between 4 and 6.5% of all genes. Each compound had its own expression signature. In most instances where there was an effect, steady-state mRNA levels were decreased, although not always. CMP treatment caused most increases in mRNA levels. A mixture of DIP and CMP caused fewer changes in mRNA levels than either of the individual compounds. CONCLUSIONS: These plasticisers affected the steady-state mRNA levels of many human genes. Exposure to these compounds over many years has the potential to influence human health.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Genômica , Plastificantes/toxicidade , Biotinilação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA/biossíntese , DNA/genética , Primers do DNA/farmacologia , DNA Complementar/biossíntese , DNA Complementar/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/biossíntese , Desoxirribonuclease I/genética , Humanos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Poli A/genética , RNA Complementar/biossíntese , RNA Complementar/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Postoperative neurologic deficit is the most devastating complication after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Our aim was to investigate whether nebivolol has protective effects during ischemia or reperfusion and the most effective mechanism of protection via inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) release with an NO synthase inhibitor in an experimental model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by occlusion of the infrarenal aorta for 30 min. Thirty-one rabbits were divided into five groups according to the administration period of nebivolol and/or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME): control group; group NI, nebivolol during ischemic period; group NR, nebivolol during reperfusion period; group NILR, nebivolol during ischemic period and L-NAME during reperfusion period; and group LINR, L-NAME during ischemic period and nebivolol during reperfusion period. Blood samples were taken at both ischemia and reperfusion periods to obtain nitrite/nitrate levels. After neurologic evaluation at 24 hr of reperfusion, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Neurologic impairment was significantly lower in group LINR (Tarlov score 3.4 +/- 0.6, p < 0.05). MDA levels were lower in nebivolol-treated animals, but the lowest value was achieved in the NR group, 35.6 +/- 2.7 nmol/g (p < 0.001). Nitrite levels were decreased significantly in all nebivolol-treated animals in the reperfusion period, but the lowest value was measured in the LINR group (455 +/- 137 vs. 1,760 +/- 522 nmol/mL, p < 0.001). Prophylactic use of nebivolol reduced neurologic injury, and combining with L-NAME provided the best clinical improvement by attenuating the inflammatory mileu in this experimental model. Combination of nebivolol and L-NAME appears to be an effective option for spinal cord protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Assuntos
Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Etanolaminas/farmacologia , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aorta/cirurgia , Benzopiranos/administração & dosagem , Constrição , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Etanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/sangue , Destreza Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/administração & dosagem , Nebivolol , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Nitratos/sangue , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Nitritos/sangue , Coelhos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Medula Espinal/irrigação sanguínea , Medula Espinal/enzimologia , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/complicações , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/metabolismo , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the salinity uptake by natural zeolite when used as an ingredient during the composting process. The amounts of 5% and 10% of natural zeolite were applied to poultry litter as volume and compared with the compost made with no amendment. The results clearly showed that the salinity level of poultry litter was too high. It was found that the salinity level in the end compost decreases with increasing the amount of natural zeolite used. Salinity uptake efficiencies were 66.64% and 88.92% for end product containing 5% and 10% natural zeolite, respectively. Significantly, the addition of natural zeolite to poultry litter compost was found to have a beneficial effect on the characteristics of the end product.
Assuntos
Aves Domésticas , Cloreto de Sódio/análise , Solo/análise , Zeolitas/química , Animais , Condutividade Elétrica , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Viral respiratory diseases, including avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), have a significant economic impact on poultry industries. The frequency and genotype diversity of aMPV in Turkish broiler flocks is not known at present. The aim of this study was to report the first molecular identification and phylogeny of aMPV, which is circulating in Turkish broiler flocks. Trachea tissue samples and tracheal swabs were collected from 110 broiler flocks distributed in different geographical regions in Turkey between March 2017 and March 2018. Detection of aMPV was confirmed with the use of universal reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR, and eight (7.2%) broiler farms were positive for aMPV. Sequence analysis of the G gene revealed the exclusive presence of subtype B viruses. Three field isolates clustered closely with a 2002 Israel isolate, indicating a potential transmission route between these two countries and through the Middle East. The remaining five field isolates were closely related to a vaccine strain, even though broiler flocks in Turkey are not routinely vaccinated against aMPV. Therefore, we speculate these five isolates could have originated from nearby vaccinated turkey farms. Additionally, the presence of some nucleotide substitutions compared to the reference vaccine sequence suggests prolonged circulation and evolution of the original vaccine virus or a vaccine subpopulation was selected under field conditions. This evidence emphasizes the need for further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate aMPV spread and evolution in order to design effective control strategies.
Nota de investigación- Primera caracterización molecular de metapneumovirus aviar (aMPV) en parvadas de pollo de engorde en Turquía. Las enfermedades respiratorias virales, incluido el metapneumovirus aviar (aMPV), tienen un impacto económico significativo en la industrias avícola. La diversidad de la frecuencia y el genotipo de aMPV en las parvadas de pollos de engorde en Turquía no se conocen en la actualidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar la primera identificación molecular y la filogenia de un metapneumovirus aviar, que circula en parvadas de pollos de engorde turcos. Se recolectaron muestras de tejido de tráquea e hisopos traqueales de 110 parvadas de pollos de engorde distribuidas en diferentes regiones geográficas de Turquía entre marzo del 2017 y marzo del 2018. La detección de metapneumovirus aviar se confirmó con el uso de un método de universal transcriptasa reversa y PCR. Ocho (7.2%) granjas de pollos de engorde fueron positivas para metapneumovirus aviar. El análisis de secuencia del gene G reveló la presencia exclusiva de virus de subtipo B. Tres virus de campo se agruparon estrechamente con un metapneumovirus de Israel del año 2002, lo que indica una posible ruta de transmisión entre estos los dos países y el Medio Oriente. Los cinco metapneumovirus de campo restantes estaban estrechamente relacionados con una cepa de vacuna, a pesar de que las parvadas de pollos de engorde en Turquía no se vacunan rutinariamente contra metapneumovirus aviar. Por lo tanto, se especula que estos cinco metapneumovirus podrían haberse originado en granjas cercanas con pavos vacunados. Además, la presencia de algunas sustituciones de nucleótidos en comparación con la secuencia de la vacuna de referencia sugiere una circulación prolongada y la evolución del virus de la vacuna original o una subpoblación de la vacuna se seleccionó en condiciones de campo. Esta evidencia enfatiza la necesidad de enfoques más detallados y más sistémicos para evaluar la propagación y evolución de metapneumovirus aviar a fin de diseñar estrategias de control efectivas. Abbreviations: aMPV = avian metapneumovirus; cDNA = complementary DNA; F = fusion; G = attachment; RT-PCR = reverse-transcriptase PCR.
Assuntos
Galinhas/virologia , Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Turkish cattle in the Marmara region which borders the European Union (EU). For this, cattle brought to abattoirs in Istanbul were analysed. The high risk group were selected and therefore 384 cattle above 2 years old were included in the study. They were primarily examined for the presence of any clinical signs of nervous system and also other clinical disorders. The whole brains were taken and analysed for the presence of vacuolar degeneration and prion protein by PLATELIA BSE test kit. Only 5 cattle were found to be nervous and showed aggressive behaviour. There were no cattle showing incoordination or other neurological disorders. Cysts were observed in 3 brains. Histopathologically, no vacuolar degeneration indicative of BSE was found in any cattle examined. However, in 8 brains, few vacuoles were observed in neurons in sections taken from the brain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis. Slight mononuclear cell infiltration in 9 brain, intensed mononuclear cell infiltration in 1 brain, haemorrhages in 5 brains and gliosis in 11 brains were also found. No infective prion was detected by ELISA in samples taken from 384 cattle brain.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/epidemiologia , Animais , Encéfalo , Bovinos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Masculino , Vigilância da População , Príons/isolamento & purificação , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Sulphation is important in xenobiotic detoxification and in steroid and thyroid hormones synthesis, transport and metabolism. Potential endocrine disrupting actions of plasticisers were assessed by studying effects on cell viability, cell proliferation and expression of enzymes (cysteine dioxygenase, sulphite oxidase, PAPS synthase I and II) involved in the synthesis of the cofactor, PAPS, for steroid sulphotransferases. TE 671 cells were used to study the effects of exposure to alkylphenols and alkylphenolethoxylates, bisphenol A, bisphenol A methacrylate, alkyladipates, dialkyl phthalates and resorcinol. The lactate dehydrogenase assay and CellTiter 96) AQ(ueous) One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay were used to measure cytotoxicity and cell proliferation, respectively. Steady-state mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR. None of the compounds tested was cytotoxic in TE 671 cells, however, cell proliferation was significantly increased with 0.005-0.5 microM dioctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate (DIP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (P<0.05, n = 4). Real time RT-PCR showed dose-dependent decreases in steady-state mRNA levels of all the enzymes studied (P<0.05, n = 4) with 0.005-0.5 microM octylphenol, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and DIP treatment. Endocrine disrupting effects of some plasticisers may be a consequence of modulation of expression of enzymes supplying PAPS for hormone sulphation.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína Dioxigenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Disruptores Endócrinos/farmacologia , Complexos Multienzimáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfoadenosina Fosfossulfato/biossíntese , Plastificantes/farmacologia , Sulfato Adenililtransferase/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfito Oxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína Dioxigenase/genética , Cisteína Dioxigenase/metabolismo , Complexos Multienzimáticos/genética , Complexos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sulfato Adenililtransferase/genética , Sulfato Adenililtransferase/metabolismo , Sulfito Oxidase/genética , Sulfito Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
We compared the effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol infusions on postoperative recovery criteria in geriatric patients. Sixty patients aged > 65 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) group 1 or 2 and undergoing gynaecological or urological procedures were randomized equally into three groups. Group 1 received 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane in a 50% O2/N2O mixture and group 2 received 1 MAC isoflurane in a 50% O2/N2O mixture. Group 3 received a 50% O2/N2O mixture plus propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (8 mg/kg for the first 30 min, followed by 6 mg/kg for maintenance). Recovery criteria comprising the times to spontaneous eye opening, extubation, response to verbal stimuli and orientation were recorded following the discontinuation of anaesthesia. Recovery times were significantly shorter in groups 1 and 3 compared with group 2. We conclude that sevoflurane and propofol had similar effects on recovery criteria and were associated with a faster recovery than isoflurane.