Creation of the TXP parenting questionnaire and study of its psychometric properties. / Creación y estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de socialización parental TXP.

Parenting is linked to conduct disorders (CD) and substance related disorders (SRD) in adolescents, but with differences according to cultural context. A questionnaire with two versions (parenting questionnaire TXP-A for adolescents and TXP-C  for primary caregivers) was designed using the Delphi method to evaluate parenting practices related to CD and SRD in a Spanish population. It was validated in a community sample of 631 adolescents aged between 14 and 16 and their caregivers. Results suggest a 29-item TXP-A questionnaire with bifactorial structure: affection-communication and control-structure, with high internal (Cronbach’s alpha=0.89) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94) reliabilities. Both factors are related to SRD (r=0.273, p<0.001) and with most of the psychopathological dimensions studied. The total score and affection-communication are related to dissocial disorder (t=3.259, p=0.001) and its severity (r=-0,119; p=0.003). Inter-observer reliability between adolescents and caregivers is low, in part because the 16-item TXP-C has a different bifactorial structure: affection-communication and prosocial values. TXP-C’s internal (Cronbach’s alpha=0.87) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94) reliabilities are high. The total score and affection-communication were related to dissocial disorder (t=2.586; p=0.010) but TXP-C did not discriminate according to SRD. In conclusion, the TXP-A questionnaire for adolescents seems to be a reliable, valid and unbiased instrument that evaluates the perception of parenting practices, relating higher affection-communication and control-structure to less psychopathology and alcohol and drug use. TXP-C also seems to be reliable and unbiased, but shows less evidence of validity regarding substance use and psychopathology. .

El estilo parental de socialización se relaciona con trastornos de conducta (TC) y trastornos relacionados con sustancias (TRS) en adolescentes, con diferencias según el contexto cultural. Se diseñó mediante método Delphi un cuestionario con dos versiones (Cuestionario de socialización parental TXP-A para adolescentes y TXP-C para cuidador principal) para evaluar en población española las prácticas de socialización parental relacionadas con TC y TRS. Se validó en una muestra comunitaria de 631 adolescentes entre 14 y 16 años y sus cuidadores. Los resultados recomiendan un cuestionario TXP-A de 29 ítems y estructura bifactorial: afecto-comunicación y control-estructura, mostrando alta fiabilidad interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,89) y test-retest (coeficiente de correlación intraclase=0,94). Ambos factores correlacionan con TRS (r=0,273; p<0,001) y con la mayoría de las dimensiones psicopatológicas estudiadas. La puntuación total y afecto-comunicación se relacionan con el trastorno disocial (t=3,259; p=0,001) y su gravedad (r=-0,119; p=0,003). La fiabilidad interjueces entre adolescentes y cuidadores es baja, en parte porque el TXP-C, de 16 ítems, presenta una estructura bifactorial diferente: afecto-comunicación y valores prosociales. La fiabilidad interna (alfa de Cronbach= 0,87) y test-retest (coeficiente de correlación intraclase=0,94) del TXP-C son altas. La puntuación total y afecto-comunicación se relacionan con el trastorno disocial (t=2,586; p=0,010) pero no discrimina según el TRS. En conclusión, el cuestionario TXP-A para adolescentes parece un instrumento fiable, válido y sin sesgos que evalúa la percepción de las prácticas de socialización parental, relacionando mayores puntuaciones en afecto-comunicación y control-estructura con menor psicopatología y consumo de alcohol y drogas. El TXP-C también parece fiable y sin sesgos, pero muestra menos evidencias de validez respecto al consumo de sustancias y la psicopatología.

VAL-U: Psychometric properties of a Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for University Students' Service-Learning.

The service-learning disciplines can offer a unique opportunity for civic development in university students, as there is a large body of research that links it to values and civic attitudes including a vast number of ecological issues and citizen variables. Moreover, one should bear in mind that these students are future generations that will face many pressing social and environmental issues. Given the need to develop instruments to measure the impact of a service-learning methodology in university students' values as well as civic attitudes, VAL-U is proposed. As the university can be considered a learning step prior to the professional field, the main objective of this study was to analyse the internal consistency and factor structure of the proposed VAL-U scale in the Spanish population. The scale confirmed acceptable psychometric properties. Furthermore, the results have shown high reliability and optimal goodness of fit. Promising results are offered to employ VAL-U as a valuable tool for assessing Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for Spanish-speaking University Students' Service-Learning.

VAL-U: Psychometric properties of a Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for University Students' Service-Learning

Abstract The service-learning disciplines can offer a unique opportunity for civic development in university students, as there is a large body of research that links it to values and civic attitudes including a vast number of ecological issues and citizen variables. Moreover, one should bear in mind that these students are future generations that will face many pressing social and environmental issues. Given the need to develop instruments to measure the impact of a service-learning methodology in university students' values as well as civic attitudes, VAL-U is proposed. As the university can be considered a learning step prior to the professional field, the main objective of this study was to analyse the internal consistency and factor structure of the proposed VAL-U scale in the Spanish population. The scale confirmed acceptable psychometric properties. Furthermore, the results have shown high reliability and optimal goodness of fit. Promising results are offered to employ VAL-U as a valuable tool for assessing Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for Spanish-speaking University Students' Service-Learning.