Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Ursolic acid (UA) is found in many plants, and has been reported to have anti-protease, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups: Sham, acute pancreatitis, treatment, and ursolic acid group. RESULTS: Serum amylase levels in the AP and treatment groups were significantly higher than in the others (p < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the AP group in comparison with the treatment group. Although pancreatic tissue total oxidant activity in the AP and treatment groups was similar, pancreatic tissue total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the AP group. CONCLUSIONS: Damage to the pancreas and remote organs in AP was observed to be reduced by UA. In addition, oxidative stress was observed to be decreased by the effect of UA.

ANTECEDENTES: El ácido ursólico se encuentra en numerosas plantas y se ha informado que tiene efectos antiproteasas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, antimicrobianos, nefroprotectores, hepatoprotectores y cardioprotectores. OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del ácido ursólico en la pancreatitis aguda inducida por ceruleína. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Treinta y dos ratas albinas Wistar fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos iguales: grupo simulado, grupo de pancreatitis aguda, grupo de tratamiento y grupo de ácido ursólico. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de amilasa sérica en los grupos de pancreatitis aguda y de tratamiento fueron significativamente más altos que en los otros grupos (p < 0.05). Además, los niveles séricos de IL-1ß, IL-6 y TNF-α fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de pancreatitis aguda en comparación con el grupo de tratamiento. Aunque la actividad oxidante total del tejido pancreático en ambos grupos fue similar, la capacidad antioxidante total del tejido pancreático en el grupo de tratamiento fue significativamente mayor. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó que el ácido ursólico reduce el daño al páncreas y órganos remotos en la pancreatitis aguda, al igual que el estrés oxidativo.

The effects of roflumilast on the pancreas and remote organs in a cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis model in rats.

PURPOSE: Systemic damage in acute pancreatitis (AP) can be characterized by oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Roflumilast has been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of roflumilast in cerulein-induced AP. METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (Roflumilast), group 3 (AP), and group 4 (AP + Roflumilast). AP was induced by injecting 4 × 75 µg/kg of body weight at an interval of 1 h. Rats were killed after 12 h following the last cerulein administration. AP was confirmed by measuring the serum amylase level and inflammatory features. RESULTS: Morphological changes were observed in the pancreas. Amylase levels were higher in the AP and AP + Roflumilast groups than the sham and Roflumilast groups. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 increased in the AP group, whereas they decreased in the Roflumilast group. The total oxidant activity (TOA) was higher and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was lower in the AP group. The administration of roflumilast decreased the TOA and increased the TAC in comparison with the AP group (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Roflumilast significantly decreases oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the plasma, pancreas, and lung in cerulein-induced AP rats.

Superior mesenteric artery (Wilkie's) syndrome: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal system obstruction.

Background Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) results from the compression of the third part of the duodenum between the aorta and the proximal part of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Clinical presentation of SMAS is characterized by the dilatation of the proximal part of the third part of the duodenum. SMAS is a rare cause of the upper gastrointestinal system (UGS) obstruction. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in the treatment of five patients with SMAS, which is a rare clinical condition requiring surgery. Patients and methods The retrospective study included five patients who were treated due to SMAS at our clinic between January 2010 and January 2014. Results All the patients were underweight, with a mean BMI of 15.73 (14-16). The clinical symptoms included epigastric pain after food intake, large volume bilious emesis, early satiety, failure to gain weight, indigestion, esophageal reflux, sense of fullness, and persistent weight loss. SMAS was diagnosed using barium meal studies, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, and CT angiography. Four patients underwent duodenojejunostomy and one patient was managed with gastrojejunostomy. No complication was observed during the postoperative period, and all the patients achieved significant improvement in symptoms. Conclusion SMAS is a rare cause of UGS obstruction, and the diagnosis of SMAS is often delayed. SMAS should be suspected in the differential diagnosis of the patients with unsubstantiated symptoms of persistent nausea, emesis, and significant weight loss.

Comparing the effects of nebivolol and dexpanthenol on wound healing: an experimental study.

Wound healing is a dynamic, interactive process that is initiated in response to injury. A number of investigations and clinical studies have been performed to determine new approaches for the improvement of wound healing. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dexpanthenol, a molecule that is widely used for improving wound healing, and nebivolol, a molecule that increases nitric oxide release, on wound healing. A total of 30 rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 10). A linear 2 cm incision was made in the rats' skin. No treatment was administered in the first (control) group. Dexpanthenol cream was administered to the rats in the second group and 5% nebivolol cream was administered to the rats in the third group. The wound areas of all of the rats were measured on certain days. On the 21(st) day, all wounds were excised and histologically evaluated. The wound healing rates of the dexpanthenol and nebivolol groups were higher than those of the control group (P < 0·05). However, the wound healing rates of the dexpanthenol and nebivolol groups were not significantly different. Nebivolol and dexpanthenol have comparable effects on wound healing.

Effect of intraperitoneal curcumin instillation on postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin on adhesion formation in a rat cecum abrasion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into three groups; the control group received saline, the curcumin group received 10 mg/kg of curcumin after cecal abrasion, and in the sham group the abdominal wall was closed without any abrasion to the cecum. On day 15, adhesions were assessed blindly using a standardized scale, and histopathological samples were taken and examined. RESULTS: There were no incisional hernias or wound dehiscences in any animals of the three groups. A comparison of adhesion scores showed a significant difference between the curcumin (median = 1) and the control group (median = 2; p < 0.05). The grade of inflammation of the curcumin (median = 1) and the sham (median = 0) group was significantly lower than that of the control group (median = 3; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower in the sham (48.3 ± 11.8 µg/mg) and the curcumin (63.8 ± 13.9 µg/mg) group compared to the control group (85.7 ± 22.1 µg/mg; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that curcumin, administered intraperitoneally, was effective in the prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation.

The effects of sponges soaked with chlorhexidine gluconate and metronidazole on safety of colonic anastomosis in an experimental model of peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to evaluate the use of the chlorhexidine gluconate and metronidazole impregnated compresses concerning anastomosis safety in the left colonic anastomosis in the presence of peritonitis. METHODS: This study was conducted on 21 Wistar-Albino-rats divided into three equal groups. After median laparotomy, the whole layer of the left colon was cut 2 cm over the pelvic peritoneum. The faeces were spread around the injury for fecal contamination. Then, fasia and skin were closed with 3/0 silk. After one day period, relaparatomy was performed. The abdomen was cleared isotonic sodium chloride with impregnated material before starting colonic anastomosis in the first group and then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. In the second Group-II, abdomen was cleared with the metronidazole impregnated compresses then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. In the group-III, abdomen was cleared with the chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated compresses then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. Tissue hydroksiproline levels and anastomosis bursting pressures were measured and histopathologic findings on the anastomosis line were evaluated on the postoperative tenth day by performing relaparatomy. RESULTS: The highest anastomosis bursting pressure was found in Group-III (p<0.05). The highest tissue hydroksiproline level was found in Group-III (p<0.005 Group I-III, Group II-III). When histopathologic findings were evaluated by comparing the three groups in this study, the healing of the intestine tissue score was statistically insignificant between group-II and III, for both group-II and III, healing score was statistically significant higher than Group-I (p<0.05 Group I-III and Group I-II). CONCLUSION: Cleaning the abdomen before the anastomosis using antibacterial soaked material increased resection safety in the presence of peritonitis and anastomosis safety in primary anastomosis.

Laparoscopic splenectomy: clip ligation or en-bloc stapling?

OBJECTIVES: Various techniques are used in the management of splenic hilum during laparoscopic splenectomy. Among them, the most used ones are polymer clips, en-bloc stapling and ultrasonic devices. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature comparing the results of clip and stapler techniques. This study was aimed to compare our results of clip ligation and en-bloc stapling of the splenic hilum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of 67 patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy between December 2012 and October 2017 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to surgical method (stapler group: 26 patients and clip group: 41 patients). Patient age, sex, diagnosis, surgical technique, operation time, spleen dimensions, perioperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, blood transfusions, postoperative thrombocyte and hemoglobin levels were recorded. RESULTS: Operating time was median 115 min (75-230) in the stapler group and 120 min (60-210) in the clip group, and there was no significant difference between the groups (p= 0.2593). There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of the postoperative complications (p= 0.59). Postop- erative hospital stay was median 3.5 (2-8) days in the stapler group and 3 (2-6) days in the clip group with no significant difference (p= 0.0733). CONCLUSION: Clip ligation and en-bloc stapling techniques have no superiority over each other. Our results also showed that both techniques are safe and feasible. We suggest opting for the method according to the surgeon's experience and hospital facilities.

Factors affecting mortality in patients with splenic injuries.

there are not a sufficient number investigating the factors in splenic injuries influencing mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting mortality in splenic injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 237 patients with splenic injury between 2005 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, survivors and non-survivors. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, grade of splenic injury, pulse, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin levels, number of transfusions, surgical procedure, ISS, RTS and hospitalization period were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to compare survivors and non-survivors. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 32 and most (82.7%) were male. Mortality was observed in 18 patients (7.6%). Mortality was found significantly lower in patients who had isolated splenic injury (p=0.048). In univariate analyses, decreased RTS (p<0.001), increased number of blood transfusion (p<0.001), decreased hemoglobin level (p=0, 025) and increased ISS (p<0.001) were found significant in non-survivors. In multivariate analysis; number of transfusions, ISS and RTS were found as independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We found high number of transfusions, high ISS and low RTS as independent risk factors for mortality in patients with splenic injury. KEY WORDS: Mortality, ISS, RTS, Splenic trauma.

Differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging.

PURPOSE: Differentiation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) from carcinoma with routine imaging methods, such as ultrasonography (US) and mammography, is difficult. Therefore, we evaluated the value of a newly developed noninvasive technique called acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in differentiating IGM versus malignant lesions in the breast. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-six patients, who were referred to us with a presumptive diagnosis of a mass, underwent Virtual Touch tissue imaging (VTI; Siemens) and Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens) after conventional gray-scale US. US-guided percutaneous needle biopsy was then performed on 276 lesions with clinically and radiologically suspicious features. Malignant lesions (n = 122) and IGM (n = 48) were included in the final study group. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in shear wave velocity marginal and internal values between the IGM and malignant lesions. The median marginal velocity for IGM and malignant lesions was 3.19 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.49-5.82) and 5.05 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.09-8.46), respectively (p < 0.001). The median internal velocity for IGM and malignant lesions was 2.76 m/s (minimum-maximum 1.14-4.12) and 4.79 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.12-8.02), respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The combination of VTI and VTQ as a complement to conventional US provides viscoelastic properties of tissues, and thus has the potential to increase the specificity of US.

The antioxidant effects of pomegranate extract on local and remote organs in a mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion model.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether pomegranate extract plays a protective antioxidant role against mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR), which can lead to a systemic response and damage distant organs, such as the lung, liver, and kidney. METHODS: Forty female Wistar-Albino rats were separated into four groups: laparotomy, laparotomy + PG, mesenteric IR, and mesenteric IR and pomegranate (IR + PG). In the laparotomy + PG and IR + PG groups, pomegranate (225 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage at the beginning of the study. Ischemia was induced for 30 minutes, and reperfusion was subsequently allowed for 60 minutes in the IR and IR + PG groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity (AOA) levels were evaluated in blood samples. Additionally, all tissues were removed for the measurement of AOA and total oxidant status as well as for subsequent histopathological evaluation. The oxidative stress index was calculated. RESULTS: Histopathological changes in all organs were significantly higher in the IR group and significantly lower in the IR + PG group vs. the other groups. Serum MDA levels were significantly lower in the IR + PG group than in the IR group. No significant difference was found in AOA levels of the groups. DISCUSSION: These data may explain the positive protective effects of pomegranate based on the histopathologic findings in ischemic conditions in an intestinal IR injury model.

The Management and Outcomes of Male Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Due to a lack of sufficient data, the treatment protocols for male breast cancer are usually the same as those used for female breast cancer. The aim of the current study was to present our clinical experience with male breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 37 patients who were treated for male breast cancer in our hospital between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The data of patients were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 63.03±12.36 years. Thirty-three patients (89.2%) had invasive ductal carcinoma, two (5.4%) had ductal carcinoma in situ, and two had invasive lobular carcinoma (5.4%). The most common molecular subtype was luminal A (17 cases, 45.9%). Twenty-nine patients with male breast cancer underwent mastectomy and two underwent breast conserving surgery. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 25 patients. The most common surgical procedure was modified radical mastectomy. Distant metastases were present in 17 (45.9%) patients. Overall, the 5-year survival was 60%. The 5-year survival was 100% for those with stage 0-I disease, 87% for stage II, and 42% for stage III. The 3-year survival was 14% for stage IV. CONCLUSION: Patients with male breast cancer presented at an older age, a later stage, and with earlier metastasis. Early metastasis and death increases with increasing stage. Poor prognosis correlates with late admission. Data from different centers should be compiled and reviewed in order to determine a specific treatment protocol for male breast cancer; each paper published reveals new data.

Factors that Affect Drain Indwelling Time after Breast Cancer Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The most common procedure to prevent seroma formation, a common complication after breast and axillary surgery, is to use prophylactic surgical drains. Ongoing discussions continue regarding the ideal time for removing drains after surgical procedures. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors that affect drain indwelling time (DIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2014 to 2015, a total of 91 consecutive patients with breast cancer were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of the patients, treatment methods, histopathologic features of the tumor, size of removed breast tissue (BS), tumor size (TS), number of totally removed lymph nodes (TLN), and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN), whether they had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the DIT were retrospectively recorded from the hospital database. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years, and the mean DIT was 4.8 days. The mean size of breast removed was 17.3 cm and tumor size was 4.7 cm, and the mean number of metastatic lymph nodes was 3.3, and mean total number of lymph nodes was 14.1. Patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherahpy had longer DIT. There was a positive correlation between the BS, TS, TLN, MLN, length of hospital stay, and DIT. Linear regresion analysis revealed that the BS, TLN, and history of neoadjuvant chemotherahpy were independent risk factors for DIT. CONCLUSION: DIT primarily depends on BS, TLN, and history of neoadjuvant chemotherahpy. A policy for the management of removing drains to prevent seroma formation should thus be individualized.

Retrorectal Tumors in Adults: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Due to the rarity and large diversity of the primary retrorectal tumors (RTs), the diagnoses are often difficult and they can be misdiagnosed. We present our experience in light of scarce information available on the clinical manifestations of RTs. The retrospective study included 17 patients diagnosed as RTs between January 2004 and January 2014. Demographic characteristics, length of symptoms, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, evaluations on the treatment procedures and postoperative periods, pathology, complications, and length of hospital stay were recorded. A mean of 1.7 of patients were diagnosed with RTs annually in our hospital. Patients comprised 12 females and 5 males. Pain and discomfort were the most common symptoms at presentation. All the lesions were evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), and all the patients were treated operatively. Based on the preoperative MRI or CT findings, an anterior approach was performed in 7 patients, a posterior approach in 6 patients, and combined approach in 4 patients. Mean size of tumors was 9.2 ± 4.3 cm. Epidermoid cyst (n = 8) was the most common tumor. Except for 1 case of liposarcoma, 16 tumors were confirmed to be of benign nature in histologic examination. Mean length of hospital stay 12.4 ± 6.8 days. Retrorectal tumors are heterogeneous and lead to diagnostic difficulties. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed for diagnosis. Preoperative imaging may be helpful in determining the course of treatment. Total excision of a retrorectal tumor may alleviate pressure symptoms and confirm the diagnosis.

Which type of reaction in retained surgical sponge is more dangerous?

BACKGROUND: Retained surgical sponge is a term to define forgotten surgical sponges during operation. RSS causes two kinds of reactions in the body. The first one is to develop an abscess through exudative inflammatory reaction in early phases and second one is to form a mass through aseptic inflammatory reaction which can stay asymptomatic for months, even for years. In this study we aimed to investigate the time of hospital admission, type of reaction and effect of need for bowel resection on prognosis in patients with retained surgical sponge. METHODS: In the study, we scanned the files of 18 patients with retained surgical sponge who had been operated at Dicle University Medical Faculty General Surgery Clinic between January 1994 and July 2012, retrospectively. RESULTS: Need for intestine resection was higher in patients who were operated in the early phase (p:0.034). Morbidity and duration of hospital stay were significantly higher (respectively P:0.02, P:0.007) in patients who had underwent intestine resection. CONCLUSION: In patients with retained surgical sponge, need for intestine resection is increased due to exudative reaction in the early phase. This increase is giving rise to morbidity rates and prolonged hospital stay. KEY WORDS: Morbidity, Retained surgical sponge.

Improvement of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy outcomes by real time ultrasonography performed by a surgeon and radiologist team.

AIMS: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has become the first line of treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism caused by solitary parathyroid adenoma. In order to increase the sensitivity of high-resolution ultrasonography (hUS), surgeon performed ultrasonography (SUS) has been increasingly used preoperatively. However, a radiologist and surgeon performing ultrasonography (RSUS) has not been a usual practice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical contribution of RSUS on MIP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, a total of 30 consecutive patients (4 male, 26 female, mean age 48.87+/-14.52 years) with solitary parathyroid adenoma, were included in the study. All patients underwent preoperative hUS and Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy. In patients, demographic characteristics, diagnostic tools used, levels of biochemical parameters, duration of operation, and length of hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: Adenomas were successfully localized by US in all patients and the surgical approach was determined according to this localization. Parathyroidectomy with MIP was successfully performed under local anesthesia in all patients. Mean operation time was 19.87+/-3.35 min. Postoperative PTH and calcium values were significantly decreased. All patients were discharged from the hospital in the same day. None of the patients had complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hematoma, or injury to nearby organs. None of the patients had drains placed. CONCLUSIONS: Adenoma is well localized by US and thus, MIP can be completed under local anesthesia. US provides a very important clinical contribution to the success of MIP. In addition to these, RSUS helps in determining the location of the incision and the shortest way to achieve the lesion; therefore, it provides a small incision and shortens duration of the operation with a minimal dissection.

Fournier's Gangrene: A Summary of 10 Years of Clinical Experience.

We aimed to present our clinical experience with FG treatment. Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but serious disease characterized by progressive necrosis in the genitourinary and perineal region. The retrospective study included 43 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups as survivors and nonsurvivors. Included in the analysis were data pertaining to demographics, predisposing factors, comorbidities, results of bacteriologic analyses, number of debridements, duration of treatment, FG Severity Index (FGSI) score, fecal diversion methods (trephine ostomy or Flexi-Seal Fecal Management System-FMS), and dressing methods (wet or negative aspiration system). In the nonsurvivor group, urea, WBC, and age were significantly higher, whereas albumin, hematocrit, platelet count, and length of hospital stay (LOHS) were significantly lower compared to the survivor group. Mean FGSI was lower in survivors in comparison with nonsurvivors (5.00 ± 1.86 and 10.00 ± 1.27, respectively; P < 0.001). We conclude that FGSI is an important predictor in the prognosis of FG. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) should be performed in compliant patients in order to enhance patient comfort by reducing pain and the number of dressings. Fecal diversion should be performed as needed, preferably by using FMS. The trephine ostomy should be the method of choice in cases where an ostomy is necessary.

Mean platelet volume: is it a predictive parameter in diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia?

Our objective for this study was to discuss the usability of mean platelet volume, which is associated with numerous vascular pathologies, in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia is an uncommon, life-threatening clinical condition mostly seen in the elderly. Early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia and correction of blood circulation before necrosis occurs are important factors affecting prognosis. A total of 95 patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia and 90 healthy volunteers as control group were included in this study. Age, gender, hemoglobin values, white blood cell counts, mean platelet volume, and platelet counts are recorded for evaluation. The mean platelet volume values were significantly higher in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia than in the controls (9.4 ± 1.1 fL and 7.4 ± 1.4 fL, respectively; P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a cutoff value of mean platelet volume as 8.1 fL (area under the curve, 0.862), a sensitivity of 83.2%, and a specificity of 80%. As a result, in the patients who are admitted to the hospital with acute nonspecific abdominal pain and suspected of having acute mesenteric ischemia, high mean platelet volume values in routine hemograms support the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia.

Gangrenous cholecystitis: mortality and risk factors.

As a serious complication of cholelithiasis, gangrenous cholecystitis presents greater mortality than noncomplicated cholecystitis. The aim of this study was to specify the risk factors on mortality. 107 consecutive patients who underwent surgery due to gangrenous cholecystitis between January 1997 and October 2011 were investigated retrospectively. The study included 60 (56.1%) females and 47 (43.9%) males, with a mean age of 60.7 ± 16.4 (21-88) years. Cardiovascular diseases were the most frequently accompanying medical issues (24.3%). Thirty-six complications (33.6%) developed in 29 patients, and surgical site infection was proven as the most common. Longer delay time prior to hospital admission, low white blood cell count, presence of diabetes mellitus, higher blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, pericholecystic fluid in abdominal ultrasonography, and conversion from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery were identified as risk factors affecting mortality (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.044, P = 0.005, P = 0.049, P = 0.009, P = 0.022, P = 0.011, and P = 0.004, respectively). Longer delay time prior to hospital admission and low white blood cell count were determined as independent risk factors affecting mortality.

Topical N-acetylcysteine improves wound healing comparable to dexpanthenol: an experimental study.

In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of dexpanthenol and N-acetylcysteine on wound healing. The wound healing process is a multifaceted sequence of activities associated with tissue restoration process. A number of investigations and clinical studies have been performed to determine new approaches for the improvement of wound healing. A total of 30 rats were divided into 3 equal groups. A linear 2-cm incision was made in the rats' skin. No treatment was administered in the first (control) group. Dexpanthenol cream was administered to the rats in the second group and 3% N-acetylcysteine cream was administered to the rats in the third group. The wound areas of all of the rats were measured on certain days. On the 21st day, all wounds were excised and histologically evaluated. The epithelialization and granulation rates between the groups were revealed to be similar in microscopic evaluations. Although the fibrosis was remarkable in the control group as compared with the other groups, it was similar in N-acetylcysteine and dexpanthenol groups. Angiogenesis rate was remarkable in the N-acetylcysteine group compared with the others. In multiple-comparison analysis, Dexpanthenol and N-acetylcysteine groups had similar results in terms of wound healing rates (P < 0.05), which were both higher than in the control group (P > 0.05). The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in wound healing is comparable to dexpanthenol, and both substances can be used to improve wound healing.

Evaluating mean platelet volume as a new indicator for confirming the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to discuss the possible role of mean platelet volume as a new predictor in the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS: Study subjects are arranged in three different groups: Group I; control group (n= 40), Group II; acute pancreatitis (n= 40), Group III; necrotizing pancreatitis (n= 36). Demographic data and mean platelet volume values are recorded retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean platelet volume of patients in Group II was 7.9±0.53, while in Group III patients it was 7.2±0.52 (p<0.001). When we compared the study groups with ROC analysis, results demonstrated that cut off value of necrotizing pancreatitis patients as 7,8 (area under curve: 0.857), sensitivity as 86.1% and specificity as 72.5%. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that mean platelet volume in necrotizing pancreatitis patients is significantly reduced compared to that of patients in the control and acute pancreatitis group.