Adherence to PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines and scope of systematic reviews published in nursing: A cross-sectional analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence that can help guide evidence-informed decisions in nursing practice, education, and even health policy. Systematic review publications have increased from a sporadic few in 1980s to more than 10,000 systematic reviews published every year and around 30,000 registered in prospective registries. METHODS: A cross-sectional design and a variety of data sources were triangulated to identify the journals from which systematic reviews would be evaluated for adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 reporting guidelines and scope. Specifically, this study used the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines to assess the reporting of the introduction, methods, information sources and search strategy, study selection process, quality/bias assessments, and results and discussion aspects of the included systematic reviews. RESULTS: Upon review of the 215 systematic reviews published in 10 top-tier journals in the field of nursing in 2019 and 2020, this study identified several opportunities to improve the reporting of systematic reviews in the context of the 2020 PRISMA statement. Areas of priority for reporting include the following key areas: (1) information sources, (2) search strategies, (3) study selection process, (4) bias reporting, (5) explicit discussion of the implications to policy, and lastly, the need for (6) prospective protocol registration. DISCUSSION: The use of the PRISMA 2020 guidelines by authors, peer reviewers, and editors can help to ensure the transparent and detailed reporting of systematic reviews published in the nursing literature. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systematic reviews are considered strong research evidence that can guide evidence-based practice and even clinical decision-making. This paper addresses some common methodological and process issues among systematic reviews that can guide clinicians and practitioners to be more critical in appraising research evidence that can shape nursing practice.

Implementation of an Enculturation Toolkit for New Nurses During Unit Onboarding.

OBJECTIVE: This quality improvement project targeted an enculturation gap among new nurses by assembling and piloting an Enculturation Toolkit. BACKGROUND: Enculturation of new nurses contributes to engagement, performance, sense of belonging, and retention. During the COVID-19 pandemic, orientation was shortened, virtual, and asynchronous, creating a gap in enculturation. METHODS: New nurses and their preceptors were surveyed at baseline, 2 to 3 months, and 4 to 5 months to measure engagement and enculturation using the Meaning and Joy in Work Questionnaire (MJWQ) and questions about the history and values of the organization. RESULTS: Initial MJWQ responses were high and sustained throughout the study period. Participants demonstrated increased knowledge of the organization's mission statement and logo. New nurses rated the toolkit activities favorably, with an average score of 4.6 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: An Enculturation Toolkit was effective in improving knowledge about the organization and sustaining engagement and belonging.

Implementing IPASS Handoff to Improve Patient Safety in Pediatric Critical Care Transport.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to implement a standardized, hospital-based bedside handoff report (IPASS [Illness severity, Patient summary, Action items, Situational awareness, and Synthesis]) in prehospital pediatric critical care transport to increase patient safety by eliminating the risk of misreporting or omitting critical patient care information received before arrival at a tertiary care center. The setting for this project was a level 1 pediatric trauma center in the Southern United States. METHODS: Pre- and postsurveys were used to assess staff perception of clinical handoff comprehensiveness and satisfaction with the use of a standardized IPASS handoff tool. RESULTS: Improvement was identified in 6 of 8 survey items. Team members were better able to hear all the information provided in the handoff, the format was functional, and physical transfers of patients from the transport team to the ED went more smoothly. Overall, satisfaction of the handoff process increased by 80%. CONCLUSION: Many factors contribute to patient safety events and errors in health care, with communication failures contributing to the majority. Overall, findings support the use of standardized IPASS handoffs in pediatric critical care transport to promote patient safety, increase comprehension of patient information, and increase staff satisfaction.

Promoting Postsecondary Education in Low-Income Youth: The Moderating Role of Socio-Behavioral and Academic Skills in the Context of a Major Educational Reform.

Governments around the world are pressed to invest in postsecondary education. However, little research exists to document whether large-scale educational reforms aimed at increasing rates of postsecondary attendance benefit youth's developmental outcomes. This study tested whether an educational reform occurring in Québec, Canada, in the 1960s increased educational levels, and whether it benefitted some youth more than others. In the 1970's, 4109 low-income youth (50% females) aged 7-13 years old were recruited at Time 1 from first, fourth, and seventh grade classes (Mage = 10.6, SD = 2.5). Socio-behavioral characteristics and academic skills at Time 1 were examined as predictors of educational attainment at Time 2, three decades later, on 3883 of the same participants. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the likelihood of youth obtaining a diploma from the newly created, accessible, and affordable colleges ("cégeps"). Low-educated groups (high school dropouts and high school graduates) presented a higher early risk profile than did college graduates. Interactions revealed that social withdrawal protected youth from disadvantaged neighborhoods, helping them graduate from college. Likeability helped academically weaker girls go beyond college and access university, and helped academically competent boys graduate from college. Aggressive behavior decreased the odds of university attendance for academically competent boys. Policies promoting higher education for disadvantaged youth should be supplemented with early interventions integrating academic and socio-behavioral objectives.

Improving Care of Skilled Nursing Patients: Implementation of Early Sepsis Recognition.

An aging population with underlying health conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, is at high risk for infections, including pneumonia, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In particular, the number of individuals in skilled nursing and long-term care facilities is increasing and older adults are at greatest risk. Research reveals these infections can lead to sepsis, septic shock, and death unless detected early through a sepsis screening process. The current quality improvement project demonstrates the capabilities of an early sepsis recognition screening tool in a skilled nursing facility and explores process changes required to operate facilities with high quality care. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(8), 37-44.].

Ethics and Interprofessional Education:An Exploration Across Health Professions Education Programs.

Classroom-based ethics education, in health professions education programs at a university in the United States, was explored in a pilot study to determine a basis for creating an interprofessional experience for ethics education. Course faculty were interviewed using a semi-structured guide, and data were qualitatively analyzed. There was some overlap, but more variation, across the programs with regard to content covered, learning objectives, and pedagogy. An opportunity exists for greater comprehensiveness and consistency across the programs. Drawing on the results of our study, we propose an approach to interprofessional education for ethics. This approach includes interprofessional small group discussions focused on management strategies for ethical dilemmas relevant to all represented healthcare professions. Ethics is an ideal starting point for interprofessional education, because it is central to all health professions' education and practice.

The Practice of Respect in the ICU.

Although "respect" and "dignity" are intuitive concepts, little formal work has addressed their systematic application in the ICU setting. After convening a multidisciplinary group of relevant experts, we undertook a review of relevant literature and collaborative discussions focused on the practice of respect in the ICU. We report the output of this process, including a summary of current knowledge, a conceptual framework, and a research program for understanding and improving the practice of respect and dignity in the ICU. We separate our report into findings and proposals. Findings include the following: 1) dignity and respect are interrelated; 2) ICU patients and families are vulnerable to disrespect; 3) violations of respect and dignity appear to be common in the ICU and overlap substantially with dehumanization; 4) disrespect may be associated with both primary and secondary harms; and 5) systemic barriers complicate understanding and the reliable practice of respect in the ICU. Proposals include: 1) initiating and/or expanding a field of research on the practice of respect in the ICU; 2) treating "failures of respect" as analogous to patient safety events and using existing quality and safety mechanisms for improvement; and 3) identifying both benefits and potential unintended consequences of efforts to improve the practice of respect. Respect and dignity are important considerations in the ICU, even as substantial additional research remains to be done.

A Clinician's Guide to Privacy and Communication in the ICU.

OBJECTIVE: To review the legal issues concerning family members' access to information when patients are in the ICU. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Code, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, and state legislative codes. DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant legal statutes and regulations were identified and reviewed by the two attorney authors (L. F., M. A. V.). STUDY SELECTION: Not applicable. DATA SYNTHESIS: Review by all coauthors. CONCLUSIONS: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and related laws should not be viewed as barriers to clinicians sharing information with ICU patients and their loved ones. Generally, under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, personal representatives have the same authority to receive information that patients would otherwise have. Persons involved in the patient's care also may be given information relevant to the episode of care unless the patient objects. ICUs should develop policies for handling the issues we identify about such information sharing, including policies for responding to telephone inquiries and methods for giving patients the opportunity to object to sharing information with individuals involved in their care. ICU clinicians also should be knowledgeable of their state's laws about how to identify patients' personal representatives and the authority of those representatives. Finally, ICU clinicians should be aware of any special restrictions their state places on medical information. In aggregate, these strategies should help ICU managers and clinicians facilitate robust communication with patients and their loved ones.

Significance of Microscopically Incomplete Resection Margin After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to establish if R1 resection margin after esophagectomy was (i) a poor prognostic factor independent of patient and tumor characteristics, (ii) a marker of tumor aggressiveness and (iii) to look at the impact of adjuvant treatment in this subpopulation. METHODS: Data were collected from 30 European centers from 2000 to 2010. Patients with an R1 resection margin (n = 242) were compared with those with an R0 margin (n = 2573) in terms of short- and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching and multivariable analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Independent factors significantly associated with an R1 resection margin included an upper third esophageal tumor location, preoperative malnutrition, and pathological stage III. There were significant differences between the groups in postoperative histology, with an increase in pathological stage III and TRG 4-5 in the R1 group. Total average lymph node harvests were similar between the groups; however, there was an increase in the number of positive lymph nodes seen in the R1 group. Propensity matched analysis confirmed that R1 resection margin was significantly associated with reduced overall survival and increased overall, locoregional, and mixed tumor recurrence. Similar observations were seen in the subgroup that received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. In R1 patients adjuvant therapy improved survival and reduced distant recurrence however failed to affect locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This large multicenter European study provides evidence to support the notion that R1 resection margin is a prognostic indication of aggressive tumor biology with a poor long-term prognosis.

Intravascular Leiomyomatosis with Intracardiac Extension.

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare nonmalignant tumor defined as a benign smooth muscle cell neoplasia in the veins. Patients with IVL may present with symptoms of a uterine leiomyoma such as pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding, or cardiorespiratory symptoms, including dyspnea and leg swelling. We report the case of a 65-year-old otherwise healthy Caucasian woman. Past medical history consisted of hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy 15 years before for multiple uterine fibromyomas associated with leiomyoma of vascular origin. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a mass, measuring 76 × 37 × 44 mm, arising from the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the left renal vein extending all the way into the right atrium and right ventricle. At laparotomy, a tumoral mass was excised from the left broad ligament up to the left renal vein and from the IVC up to its retrohepatic tract. Sternotomy was performed and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established among ascending aorta, upper vena cava, and right common femoral vein. After atriotomy, a voluminous and firm mass was excised from the right atrium, down to the level of the IVC. CPB was maintained for 80 min. Perioperative transfusion included two plasma and two red blood cells units. No adjuvant treatment was administered. Follow-up with annual CT scans was performed. Patient had no signs of recurrence after 3 years.

Pattern of Postoperative Mortality After Esophageal Cancer Resection According to Center Volume: Results from a Large European Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: High center procedural volume has been shown to reduce postoperative mortality (POM); however, the cause of POM has been poorly studied previously. The aim of this study was to define the pattern of POM and major morbidity in relation to center procedural volume. METHODS: Data from 2,944 consecutive adult patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in 30 centers between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively collected. Data between patients who suffered 30-day POM were compared with those who did not. Factors associated with POM were identified using binary logistic regression, with propensity matching to compare low- (LV) and high-volume (HV) centers. RESULTS: The 30-day and in-hospital POM rates were 5.0 and 7.3 %, respectively. Pulmonary complications were the most common, affecting 38.1 % of patients, followed by surgical site infection (15.5 %), cardiovascular complications (11.2 %), and anastomotic leak (10.2 %). Factors that were independently associated with 30-day POM included American Society of Anesthesiologists grade IV, LV center, anastomotic leak, pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurological complications, and R2 resection margin status. Surgical complications preceded POM in approximately 30 % of patients compared to medically-related causes in 68 %. Propensity-matched analysis demonstrated LV centers were significantly associated with increased 30-day POM, and POM secondary to anastomotic leak, and pulmonary- and cardiac-related causes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large, multicenter study provide further evidence to support the centralization of esophagectomy to HV centers, with a lower rate of morbidity and better infrastructure to deal with complications following major surgery preventing further mortality.

Use of Workshops to Develop Nurses' and Nursing Students' Writing Skills.

Workshops have been described in the literature as a strategy for preparing nurses to publish their work and develop their writing skills. Articles about the use of workshops for these purposes have not been integrated systematically. Seventeen articles were included in the current review. The workshop method has been found to be effective for preparing nurses to write for publication and for improving nurses' and nursing students' writing skills. However, workshops must be combined with one-to-one mentoring and feedback on writing to be successful.

Preparing quality improvement, research, and evidence-based practice manuscripts.

Understanding how to organize a manuscript reporting quality improvement (QI), research, and evidence-based practice (EBP) initiatives is important to provide essential information for readers to evaluate the findings for possible use in their own settings and replicate studies. Using guidelines for reporting QI, research studies, and EBP initiatives will help ensure authors submitting manuscripts to peer-reviewed publications report essential information and communicate it clearly to readers. This framework also guides the design and implementation of a project to ensure the information needed for a manuscript is collected and recorded for use in dissemination when the project is completed. Providing this specific information may also affect the likelihood of the manuscript being accepted for publication.

Implementation of the Josie King Care Journal in a pediatric intensive care unit: a quality improvement project.

The Care Journal is a tool developed by the Josie King Foundation to promote interactive exchange among providers and patients/families. The Care Journal was implemented in a pediatric intensive care unit, and surveys were administered to assess perceptions about use. Parents who used the Care Journal and nursing staff found it to be a useful tool that improved communication, made parents feel more knowledgeable and empowered, and improved parents' overall perception of the hospital stay.

Implementing a Standardized Communication Tool in an Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Effective communication is essential in critical care settings. Use of the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) tool has been shown to standardize and improve communication among health care providers. LOCAL PROBLEM: This quality improvement project was designed to improve communication in an intensive care unit that lacked a standardized communication protocol. Communication practices differed greatly between nurses and advanced practice providers. As a result, patient safety was put at risk owing to incomplete, inaccurate, or delayed information when clinical concerns were reported or escalated. METHODS: This project used a pre-post design in which surveys were used to gather information on staff perceptions of communication and collaboration between nurses and advanced practice providers before and after an educational intervention. The 2 groups received identical education on SBAR guidelines adapted for use in the intensive care unit setting and patient safety. RESULTS: Results showed improvement in all areas of communication. Significant improvements were found on the General Perceptions subscale among advanced practice providers (P = .04) and among nurses (P = .007). In the combined study population, improvements were observed on all subscales, with significant results for the Open Communication (P = .03) and General Perceptions (P = .002) subscales. A significant increase was found in the percentage of nurses using the SBAR tool after the intervention (95%) compared with before the intervention (66%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Implementation of the SBAR communication tool significantly improved general perceptions of communication in this intensive care unit.

Enhancing Nurse Manager Resilience in a Pandemic.

Nurse managers face many daily challenges that require strong resilience and skill. The COVID-19 pandemic placed nurse managers under exceptional pressure to deliver safe staffing resources, updated infection control practices, and communication with the multidisciplinary team. During the height of the pandemic in the summer of 2020, a group of nurse managers at a health system in the Midwest engaged in a resilience-building tool to strengthen their emotional well-being and work-life balance so that they could optimize their leadership support of their clinical teams and thrive in an unprecedented time.

Outcomes of a holistic admissions process in an Accelerated Baccalaureate Nursing Program.

An accelerated bachelor of science in nursing program adopted holistic admissions practices to increase diversity in the student body. This quality improvement project aimed to compare three cohorts of students accepted before holistic admissions practices to three cohorts accepted after holistic admissions. The authors examined demographic data, on-time graduation rate, licensure exam passing rate, remediation status, and student perceptions expressed on exit surveys. After holistic admissions were implemented, student diversity increased and on-time graduation and licensure exam pass rates were maintained. The need for student remediation decreased after holistic admissions were implemented, and student perceptions of their classmates and the relevance of their schooling to their future professional career increased.

Discovery of ectoparasiticidal hydrazonotrifluoromethanesulfonanilides.

A series of hydrazonotrifluorosulfonanilide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activity against the ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Some compounds with excellent activity against tick were identified.