Bifurcation analysis and new waveforms to the first fractional WBBM equation.

This research focuses on bifurcation analysis and new waveforms for the first fractional 3D Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) structure, which arises in shallow water waves. The linear stability technique is also employed to assess the stability of the mentioned model. The suggested equation's dynamical system is obtained by applying the Galilean transformation to achieve our goal. Subsequently, bifurcation, chaos, and sensitivity analysis of the mentioned model are conducted by applying the principles of the planar dynamical system. We obtain periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors of the mentioned model. Furthermore, we introduce and delve into diverse solitary wave solutions, encompassing bright soliton, dark soliton, kink wave, periodic waves, and anti-kink waves. These solutions are visually presented through simulations, highlighting their distinct characteristics and existence. The results highlight the effectiveness, brevity, and efficiency of the employed integration methods. They also suggest their applicability to delving into more intricate nonlinear models emerging in modern science and engineering scenarios. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of the governing model, which provides insights into its complex dynamics and varied wave structures. This study also advances the understanding of nonlinear wave properties in shallow water by combining bifurcation analysis, chaotic behavior, waveform characteristics, and stability assessments.

Socio-economic status and pregnancy complications and their impact on antenatal care services provided at home and Upazila health complex.

The stage of pregnancy is crucial for women of reproductive age and their families. However, in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh, antenatal and postnatal care are not widely practiced due to various socio-economic factors, such as low education levels, income, age, pregnancy knowledge, and limited healthcare facilities. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with antenatal care in two locations in Bangladesh based on the data collected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-2018. We explored different variables as explanatory variables related to ANC service. The results showed that most of the respondents were from rural areas, with 77.02% receiving antenatal care at home. Women with secondary education were more likely to receive care at home than those without education. The Chi-square test indicated a positive correlation between antenatal care at home with several variables, whereas, in the case of Upazila health complexes, only three variables showed a positive association. Logistic regression analysis further showed some specific variables such as geographical division, religion, iron intake during pregnancy, and reporting pregnancy complications had a significant impact on ANC at home. In contrast, covariates such as residence, division, and wealth index were significant for antenatal care at Upazila health complexes. The division was a significant covariate in both cases. Interestingly, we observed that mothers who had been informed about the signs of pregnancy complications were 92% more likely to receive antenatal care at home than those who had not experienced pregnancy complications. Conversely, the results revealed that mothers who were unaware of pregnancy complications were 32% more likely to receive antenatal care at home than those who had been informed about complications. This suggests that when women are educated about pregnancy complications, they are more likely to receive more antenatal care. However, Bangladesh's situation is quite different due to a lack of proper education and knowledge of antenatal care services.

New wave behaviors of the Fokas-Lenells model using three integration techniques.

In this investigation, we apply the improved Kudryashov, the novel Kudryashov, and the unified methods to demonstrate new wave behaviors of the Fokas-Lenells nonlinear waveform arising in birefringent fibers. Through the application of these techniques, we obtain numerous previously unreported novel dynamic optical soliton solutions in mixed hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational forms of the governing model. These solutions encompass periodic waves with W-shaped profiles, gradually increasing amplitudes, rapidly increasing amplitudes, double-periodic waves, and breather waves with symmetrical or asymmetrical amplitudes. Singular solitons with single and multiple breather waves are also derived. Based on these findings, we can say that our implemented methods are more reliable and useful when retrieving optical soliton results for complicated nonlinear systems. Various potential features of the derived solutions are presented graphically.

An investigation of the relation between life expectancy & socioeconomic variables using path analysis for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Bangladesh.

In today's world, the key variable for measuring population health is life expectancy (LE). The purpose of this research is to find out how life expectancy is related to other factors and develop a model to account for the predictors that contribute to LE. This study is also conducted to investigate and measure the effect of socioeconomic variables on LE in Bangladesh. In this study, the predictor variables are employment rate, gross national income (GNI), population growth rate, unemployment rate, and age dependency ratio. Path analysis disintegrated bivariate analysis and showed that employment rate, GNI, and age dependency ratio are significantly related to life expectancy, although bivariate analysis showed all variables are significantly related to LE. The maximum values of significant factors, GNI and employment rates, are $1930 and 21.32% happened in 2019, which is positively correlated with life expectancy. Also, the maximum value of the age dependency ratio (81.52%) happened in 1991, whereas the maximum value of the dependent variable LE (72.59 years) happened in 2019. It has been observed that LE, GNI, and employment rates all rise with one another. There exists an adverse relationship between LE and age dependency ratio. Based on comparisons with other highly developed nations, Bangladesh's GNI needs to grow faster than other significant factors to boost life expectancy. We have forecasted variables that were significantly related to LE until 2030 for the purpose of sustainable development goals, especially the 3rd goal.

Soliton solutions for the Zoomeron model applying three analytical techniques.

The Zoomeron equation is used in various categories of soliton with unique characteristics that arise in different physical phenomena, such as fluid dynamics, laser physics, and nonlinear optics. To achieve soliton solutions for the Zoomeron nonlinear structure, we apply the unified, the Kudryashov, and the improved Kudryashov techniques. We find periodic, breather, kink, anti-kink, and dark-bell soliton solutions from the derived optical soliton solutions. Bright, dark, and bright-dark breather waves are also established. Finally, some dynamic properties of the acquired findings are displayed in 3D, density, and 2D views.

Application of the unified method to solve the ion sound and Langmuir waves model.

We present the unified method and use it to integrate the ion sound and Langmuir waves (ISLW) model to retrieve optical soliton solutions. Some new dynamical optical solitons involving the combo of rational, trigonometric, and hyperbolic function solutions are added in this study. The derived optical soliton solutions display various properties such as beat pattern and oscillation with increasing, decreasing, and simultaneously increasing and decreasing amplitudes. Moreover, kink, dark bell, singular kink, single breather, multiple breathers, dark-, bright-, and dark bright periodic waves are founded. Finally, some dynamical characteristics of the acquired solutions are depicted.

Platelet Count Improvement after Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment among Cirrhotic Patients Who Achieved Sustained Virological Response: Realworld Results from 2186 Patients in Egypt.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to assess the changes in platelet counts of patients with liver cirrhosis due to chronic HCV, who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after taking direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in a large cohort study in Egypt. METHODS: This multicenter observational retrospective study was carried out on 2500 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients who achieved (SVR) after treatment with direct acting antiviral drugs (DAA). HCV infection was confirmed by positive PCR for HCV RNA infection. SVR was defined as a negative PCR test for HCV-RNA 12 weeks after completion of DAA therapy. Platelets count was measured before therapy, during therapy, at the end of treatment, and 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. RESULTS: There were 2186 patients enrolled in the study; 1866 (85.4%) were treatment naïve. There were 1006 (46%) males and 1180 (54%) females. Mean age was 50.82± 11.66 years, 2142 (98%.0) patients achieved SVR, 2118 (96.9%) patients had Child -Pugh class A cirrhosis, and 68 (3.1%) had Child -Pugh class B liver cirrhosis. A significant increase in the platelets count was detected at the end of treatment in comparison to the pretreatment levels (P<0.001), and after achieving SVR (P <0.001) when compared to the pretreatment values. CONCLUSION: Improvement of platelets count occurs after HCV therapy with DAAS in patients with liver cirrhosis. These results suggested that HCV eradication may have a role in the improvement of platelet count.