Evaluation of the influence exerted by different dental specialty backgrounds and measuring instrument reproducibility on esthetic aspects of maxillary implant-supported single crown.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence exerted by different dental specialty backgrounds as well as the validity and reproducibility of the Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES) and the modified Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (mod-ICAI) on the assessment of esthetic aspects of maxillary implants supported single-tooth prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of fourteen examiners (Two orthodontists, two prosthodontists, two oral surgeons, two periodontists, two dental technicians, two dental assistants, and two postgraduate students in Implant Dentistry evaluated 20 photographs of single-implant-supported crowns and five photographs of unrestored teeth of esthetic zone in a two part study. The examiners assessed the photographs with each index (Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score and modified Implant Crown Aesthetic Index), twice with a week's interval. Orders of photographs were rearranged in the second assessment. RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences among all the six specialties (P ≤ 0.001). DAs and periodontists had significantly better ratings than other specialties with both indices. Prosthodontists had the lowest mean rank scores regardless of the index. Interobserver agreement was also lowest between the two prosthodontists (4-28%), rest of the groups had low-to-moderate agreement (20-80%) when limited allowance was accepted. With mod-ICAI, more interobserver agreement was noted within the specialty group than with PES/WES. CONCLUSIONS: The PES/WES and the modified ICAI can be reliable estimates of esthetic outcomes. The assessor degree of specialization affected the esthetic evaluation with both the PES/WES and the modified ICAI. DAs and periodontists were identified to provide more favorable ratings than other specialties while prosthodontists were most critical in this study. With modified ICAI, more interobserver agreement within specialty resulted. The interexaminer agreement may be increased if more tolerance of 1-2 points is considered.

Prevalence and Severity of Amlodipine-induced Gingival Enlargement.

BACKGROUND: The administration of several classes of drugs; anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers can cause gingival enlargement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of gingival enlargement in patients taking calcium channel blocker drug amlodipine. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients who visited the dental hospital at Nepal Medical College between November 2021 to April 2022. Using the Bokenkamp and Bornhorst Index, the patients who had been on amlodipine for at least three months were examined for gingival enlargement. Along with gingival and plaque index, medication dosage and duration were also assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of gingival enlargement was 37%. Grade 1 gingival enlargement was present in 18% while grade 3 was seen in only 2%. Both individuals taking amlodipine alone and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs showed the same level of gingival enlargement. The dose and duration of amlodipine ingestion showed a significant correlation with the enlargement. The gingival and plaque index also showed a strong correlation with overgrowth. CONCLUSIONS: The physicians prescribing amlodipine should well inform the patients about the potential side effects. In such cases, the maintenance of oral hygiene should be prioritized from the beginning. In severe cases, substitution of the drugs followed by oral therapeutic measures should be considered for complete regression.