RESUMO
This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas, Mexico. Blood and viscera samples were taken from healthy and diseased animals from commercial farms. Clinical and pathological examinations of each individual were performed and samples were collected for bacteriological studies. The bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by culture, biochemical tests, antibiogram, challenge tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Providencia vermicola were isolated from various diseased organisms. The clinical picture caused by Staphylococcus haemolyticus was characterized by appetite disorders, neurological signs, nodulation or ulceration in different areas and congestion or enlargement of internal organs. Providenciosis in juvenile specimens caused a characteristic picture of hemorrhagic septicemia. Challenge tests performed in healthy organisms revealed that both infections caused higher mortality rates in fish (p < 0.05) compared with non-infected specimens, with 100% survival. There was 100% mortality for animals infected with P. vermicola after three days post infection and 45% for those infected with S. haemolyticus. The isolation and identification of two pathogens involved in an infection process were achieved and cataloged as potential causal agents of disease outbreaks in tilapia farming in Mexico. This is the first report of possible bacterial infection caused by S. haemolyticus and P. vermicola in tilapia farms, which are two uncommon but potentially emerging pathogens for the species.
RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: El trauma es un problema de salud pública en Colombia, siendo la primera causa de mortalidad en jóvenes con una tasa de incidencia de 331,99 casos por 100 000 habitantes, de los cuales aproximadamente el 30% mueren en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Estos pacientes de acuerdo a su severidad requerirán estabilización de signos vitales y monitoreo estrecho que incluye el estado ácido-base. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el desenlace y las variables del estado ácido base de los pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma de la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Universitario San Jorge de Pereira, Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio tipo cohorte prospectivo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, en pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma a los que se les tomó muestra de sangre arterial para gases sanguíneos al momento de su ingreso y se monitorearon a través del tiempo hasta el egreso. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes con trauma donde el 68,4% fueron hombres. El promedio de edad fue de 35±19 años y el 18,4% de los pacientes que ingresaron fallecieron. Se realizó un análisis univariado, el cual mostró relación individual entre el desenlace y las variables sodio, saturación arterial de oxígeno, presión alveolar de oxígeno y el puntaje de APACHE II; en el modelo de regresión de Cox se encontró relación con las variables presión alveolar de oxígeno, presión arterial de oxígeno, frecuencia cardiaca y relación arterio-alveolar de oxígeno. CONCLUSIÓN: Se encontró que las variables presión alveolar de oxígeno, presión arterial de oxígeno, frecuencia cardiaca y relación arterio-alveolar de oxígeno del análisis de los gases arteriales, tienen correlación con la supervivencia de los pacientes en estado crítico. Se hace una invitación para utilizar este examen paraclínico
INTRODUCTION: Trauma is a public health problem in Colombia and is the first cause of death in young people with an incidence rate of 331.99 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, of which approximately 30% die in the intensive care unit. These patients according to their severity will require stabilization of vital signs and close monitoring which includes the acid-base status. OBJETIVE: To establish the relationship between outcome and variables of acid-base equilibrium of those patients diagnosed with trauma in the intensive care unit of the Hospital Universitario San Jorge in Pereira, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study in type was performed on the intensive care unit with general trauma patients who were taking blood gases on admission to the unit and were monitored over time until discharge. RESULTS: The population of the study were 38 patients with trauma, 68.4% were men. Average age was 35±19 years and 18.4% of patients admitted died. The univariate analysis was found individual relationship with outcome and variables such as sodium, arterial oxygen saturation, alveolar oxygen pressure and APACHE II score. In the Cox regression model it was found a relationship between outcome and variables such as alveolar oxygen pressure, pressure oxygen pressure, heart rate and arterial-alveolar ratio of oxygen. CONCLUSION: Variables found that alveolar oxygen pressure, arterial oxygen pressure, heart rate and arterial-alveolar oxygen ratio of arterial blood gas analysis, correlate with survival of patients in critical condition. An invitation to use this paraclinical test is done