Influence of technique and manipulation on self-adhesive resin cements used to cement intraradicular posts.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Resin cements are widely used to cement intraradicular posts, but bond strength is significantly influenced by the technique and material used for cementation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of 3 self-adhesive cements used to cement intraradicular glass fiber posts. The cements all required different application and handling techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five human maxillary canines were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups n= 15 by drawing lots: Group BIS - Biscem, Group BRE - Breeze, and Group MAX - Maxcem. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to application and handling techniques: Sub-group A - Automix/Point tip applicator, Sub-group L - Handmix/Lentulo, and Sub-group C - Handmix/Centrix. Cementation of the posts was performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. The push-out test was performed with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and bond strength was expressed in megapascals. The results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and the all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey test) (α=.05). RESULTS: Breeze cement showed the highest average for the subgroups A, L, and C when compared to the Biscem cement and Maxcem Elite (P<.05). Statistically significant differences among the subgroups were only observed for Biscem. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that application and handling techniques may influence the bond strength of different self-adhesive cements when used for intraradicular post cementation.

Push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin using glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cements.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin after cementation with glass ionomer (GICs) and resinmodified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty human maxillary canines were transversally sectioned at 15 mm from the apex. Canals were prepared with a step back technique until the application of a #55 K-file and filled. Post spaces were prepared and specimens were divided into five groups according to the cement used for post cementation: Luting & Lining Cement; Fuji II LC Improved; RelyX Luting; Ketac Cem; and Ionoseal. After cementation of the glass fiber posts, all roots were stored at 100% humidity until testing. For push-out test, 1-mm thick slices were produced. The push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and the values (MPa) were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests and by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Fiber posts cemented using Luting & Lining Cement, Fuji II LC Improved, and Ketac Cem presented the highest bond strength to root dentin, followed by RelyX Luting. Ionoseal presented the lowest bond strength values (P>0.05). The post level did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin (P=0.148). The major cause of failure was cohesive at the cement for all GICs and RMGICs. CONCLUSIONS: Except for Ionoseal, all cements provided satisfactory bond strength values.

A multidisciplinary approach for the management of hypodontia: case report.

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth and may affect permanent teeth. Several options are indicated to treat hypodontia, including the maintenance of primary teeth or space redistribution for restorative treatment with partial adhesive bridges, tooth transplantation, and implants. However, a multidisciplinary approach is the most important requirement for the ideal treatment of hypodontia. This paper describes a multidisciplinary treatment plan for congenitally missing permanent mandibular second premolars involving orthodontics, implantology and prosthodontic specialties.

Linear dimensional changes in plaster die models using different elastomeric materials.

Dental impression is an important step in the preparation of prostheses since it provides the reproduction of anatomic and surface details of teeth and adjacent structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional alterations in gypsum dies obtained with different elastomeric materials, using a resin coping impression technique with individual shells. A master cast made of stainless steel with fixed prosthesis characteristics with two prepared abutment teeth was used to obtain the impressions. References points (A, B, C, D, E and F) were recorded on the occlusal and buccal surfaces of abutments to register the distances. The impressions were obtained using the following materials: polyether, mercaptan-polysulfide, addition silicone, and condensation silicone. The transfer impressions were made with custom trays and an irreversible hydrocolloid material and were poured with type IV gypsum. The distances between identified points in gypsum dies were measured using an optical microscope and the results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Tukey's test. The mean of the distances were registered as follows: addition silicone (AB = 13.6 µm, CD=15.0 µm, EF = 14.6 µm, GH=15.2 µm), mercaptan-polysulfide (AB = 36.0 µm, CD = 36.0 µm, EF = 39.6 µm, GH = 40.6 µm), polyether (AB = 35.2 µm, CD = 35.6 µm, EF = 39.4 µm, GH = 41.4 µm) and condensation silicone (AB = 69.2 µm, CD = 71.0 µm, EF = 80.6 µm, GH = 81.2 µm). All of the measurements found in gypsum dies were compared to those of a master cast. The results demonstrated that the addition silicone provides the best stability of the compounds tested, followed by polyether, polysulfide and condensation silicone. No statistical differences were obtained between polyether and mercaptan-polysulfide materials.

Influence of intraradicular post and crown ferrule on the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth.

The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth restored with different posts and variable ferrule heights. Sixty freshly extracted human canines were treated endodontically and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10), being restored with custom-made cast post-and-core (CP0 and CP3 groups), prefabricated post and composite resin core (PF0 and PF3 groups), and composite resin (CR0 and CR3 groups). The CP0, PF0 and CR0 groups presented no ferrule and the CP3, PF3 and CR3 presented 3 mm of coronal structure. All teeth were restored with full metal crowns. The fracture strength was measured in a universal testing machine at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth until failure. Data were analyzed statistically by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). When the mean fracture strength values were compared (CP0 group - 820.20 N, CP3 group - 1179.12 N; PF0 group - 561.05 N; PF3 group - 906.79 N; CR0 group - 297.84 N; and CR3 group - 1135.15 N) there was statistically significant among the groups (p<0.05), except for the three groups with 3 mm of coronal remaining, which were similar to each other. The results of this study showed that the ferrule in crowns promoted significantly higher fracture strength in the endodontically treated teeth.

Push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin using glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cements

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin after cementation with glass ionomer (GICs) and resinmodified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty human maxillary canines were transversally sectioned at 15 mm from the apex. Canals were prepared with a step back technique until the application of a #55 K-file and filled. Post spaces were prepared and specimens were divided into five groups according to the cement used for post cementation: Luting & Lining Cement; Fuji II LC Improved; RelyX Luting; Ketac Cem; and Ionoseal. After cementation of the glass fiber posts, all roots were stored at 100% humidity until testing. For push-out test, 1-mm thick slices were produced. The push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and the values (MPa) were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests and by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Fiber posts cemented using Luting & Lining Cement, Fuji II LC Improved, and Ketac Cem presented the highest bond strength to root dentin, followed by RelyX Luting. Ionoseal presented the lowest bond strength values (P>0.05). The post level did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin (P=0.148). The major cause of failure was cohesive at the cement for all GICs and RMGICs. CONCLUSIONS: Except for Ionoseal, all cements provided satisfactory bond strength values. .

Análise de resistência à tração de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com diferentes cimentos de ionômero de vidro através do teste pull-out / Evaluation of tensile strength of fiberglass posts cemented with different glass ionomer cements through pull-out-test

Para que se consiga resistência e retenção de pinos intrarradiculares é essencial a adequada seleção do agente cimentante. Objetivo: analisar diferentes tipos de cimento de ionômero de vidro utilizados na cimentação de pinos intrarradiculares de fibra de vidro, o método através do teste de resistência à tração pull-out. Métodos: Foram cimentados pinos de fibra de vidro em 50 caninos humanos, divididos nos seguintes grupos (n = 10): Grupo I ? Ionoseal (Voco), Grupo II ? Lining and Cement (GC), Grupo III ? Fuji II Improved (GC), Grupo IV ? Rely X Luting 2 (3M Espe), Grupo V ? Ketac Cem (3M Espe). Resultados: o teste Anova mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos. O teste de Tukey mostrou que o Lining and Cement foi estatisticamente mais resistente que o Ionoseal (p < 0,05). Conclusão: assim, analisando-se os resultados, pode-se concluir que avaliando a resistência à tração dos pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com diferentes cimentos de ionômero de vidro através do teste pull-out o cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional Lining and Cement se mostrou superior aos outros cimentos.

Effect of post length on endodontically treated teeth: analyses of tensile strength

Aim: This study compared the tensile strength of endodontically treated teeth restored withdifferent posts and cores with different post lengths. Methods: Sixty extracted intact canines wererandomly divided into 6 groups. Groups CP1, CP2 and CP3 were restored with custom cast postand-core and groups PF1, PF2 and PF3 were restored with prefabricated post and compositeresin core, with different combinations of post length of 5,0 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm, respectively(n = 10). All teeth were restored with a total metal crown. A tensile loading was applied at a 180-degree angle to the long axis until failure. Results: The 2-way analysis of variance (á=0.05)showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001) among the groups. However, when the meanfracture forces for the groups were compared (Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: 134.5 N (34.2), 178.9N(40.1), 271,5 N (55.9), 161.7 N (22.0), 216.1 N (42.0) and 257.9 N (41.0), respectively), nosignificant differences could be detected among the groups restored with prefabricated post andcast post-and-core. It was found significant differences when it was compared the different lengthsfor each type of post (p<.05). Conclusions: This study showed that increasing post lengthsignificantly increased the tensile strength of prefabricated posts and cast post-and-core used inendodontically treated teeth. On the other hand, significant differences were not found whencomparing endodontically treated teeth restored with custom cast post-and-cores or pre-fabricatedposts and composite resin cores with the same post length.

Avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão (push-out) de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com diferentes cimentos resinosos em um ambiente úmido: Estudo Piloto / Evaluation of shear bond strength (push-out) of glass fiber posts cemented with different resin cements in humid ambient. Pilot study

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão de diferentes cimentos empregados na cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro em ambiente úmido. Material e métodos: Para tanto, 21 caninos humanos tiveram suas coroas removidas, de modo que se obtiveram 15 mm de remanescente radicular. Depois de tratados endodonticamente, os dentes foram preparados para receber pinos de fibra de vidro. Os dentes selecionados foram divididos aleatoriamente em sete grupos: Grupo I - RelyX ARC, Grupo II - Enforce, Grupo III - BISCEM, Grupo IV - DUO-LINK, Grupo V - Cemente Post, Grupo VI - Variolink II e Grupo VII - RelyX U100. Cada dente foi seccionado perpendicularmente ao longo do eixo do pino com disco diamantado de alta concentração, obtendo-se uma fatia de cada profundidade com espessura de, aproximadamente, 1 mm, retiradas a partir de 1 mm, 5 mm e 9 mm do limite cervical de cada raiz, totalizando-se 63 espécimes. A análise microscópica foi realizada nesses três níveis: superficial, médio e profundo. Após análise, os espécimes foram avaliados pelo teste de push-out. Resultados: O teste Anova a dois critérios mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os terços, cimentos e interação entre eles (p < 0,05). O teste de Tukey mostrou que os cimentos resinosos autoadesivos (Biscem e U100) e o terço cervical radicular apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores no teste de push-out (p < 0,05). As fotomicrografias mostraram que houve fendas maiores nas regiões médias e apicais do que nas regiões cervicais. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os cimentos autoadesivos apresentaram resultados superiores quando comparados aos cimentos adesivos. A região radicular cervical apresentou os melhores resultados no teste de cisalhamento.

A multidisciplinary approach for the management of hypodontia: case report

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth and may affect permanent teeth. Several options are indicated to treat hypodontia, including the maintenance of primary teeth or space redistribution for restorative treatment with partial adhesive bridges, tooth transplantation, and implants. However, a multidisciplinary approach is the most important requirement for the ideal treatment of hypodontia. This paper describes a multidisciplinary treatment plan for congenitally missing permanent mandibular second premolars involving orthodontics, implantology and prosthodontic specialties.

Evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with prefabricated posts and composites with varying quantities of remaining coronal tooth structure.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of remaining coronal tooth structure on endodontically treated teeth restored with prefabricated posts and two different composites for core build-up: dual-cured resin (Enforce Core) and light-cured resin (Z-250). METHODS: Fourty freshly extracted canines were endodontically treated and divided into four groups: Group I - teeth with 3mm remaining coronal structure, restored with Enforce Core; Group II - teeth with 3mm remaining coronal structure, restored with Z-250; Group III - teeth with no remaining coronal structure, restored with Enforce; Group IV - teeth with no remaining coronal structure, restored with Z-250. After restoration, the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and the fracture resistance was measured on a universal testing machine at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth until failure. RESULTS: Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, which showed significant differences between groups (p=0.00). The Tukey test did not show significant differences between specimens with and without remaining coronal structure. Conversely, significant difference was observed between groups with different core build-up. The highest values of fracture resistance were found in the group restored with light-cured resin. SIGNIFICANCE: The remaining coronal tooth structure did not influence the resistance of endodontically treated teeth; however, the change of core build-up was able to modify this resistence.

Linear dimensional changes in plaster die models using different elastomeric materials

Dental impression is an important step in the preparation of prostheses since it provides the reproduction of anatomic and surface details of teeth and adjacent structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional alterations in gypsum dies obtained with different elastomeric materials, using a resin coping impression technique with individual shells. A master cast made of stainless steel with fixed prosthesis characteristics with two prepared abutment teeth was used to obtain the impressions. References points (A, B, C, D, E and F) were recorded on the occlusal and buccal surfaces of abutments to register the distances. The impressions were obtained using the following materials: polyether, mercaptan-polysulfide, addition silicone, and condensation silicone. The transfer impressions were made with custom trays and an irreversible hydrocolloid material and were poured with type IV gypsum. The distances between identified points in gypsum dies were measured using an optical microscope and the results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Tukey's test. The mean of the distances were registered as follows: addition silicone (AB = 13.6 µm, CD=15.0 µm, EF = 14.6 µm, GH=15.2 µm), mercaptan-polysulfide (AB = 36.0 µm, CD = 36.0 µm, EF = 39.6 µm, GH = 40.6 µm), polyether (AB = 35.2 µm, CD = 35.6 µm, EF = 39.4 µm, GH = 41.4 µm) and condensation silicone (AB = 69.2 µm, CD = 71.0 µm, EF = 80.6 µm, GH = 81.2 µm). All of the measurements found in gypsum dies were compared to those of a master cast. The results demonstrated that the addition silicone provides the best stability of the compounds tested, followed by polyether, polysulfide and condensation silicone. No statistical differences were obtained between polyether and mercaptan-polysulfide materials.

Efeito de diferentes elastômeros na adaptação cervical de coroas totais metálicas / Effect of different elastomers on cervical fit of full metal crowns

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cervical fit of full metal crowns using four different elastomers. Methods: A stainless steel metallic die similar to a prepared first upper molar was obtained. Four di-fferent elastomeric impression materials were utilized: polysulfide (A), polyether (B), condensation silicone (C) and addition silicone (D). Forty molds were created, 10 for each group. It was obtained 40 gypsum abutments. After the end of this stage, it was performed complete metal crowns on all specimens. Crown displacement was measured through a comparative microscope, obtaining diametrically opposite points. Results: The re-sults were the following: Group D (31.97 um), Group B (49.57 um), Group A (51.12 um), Group C (61.12 um). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and a Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used to analyze the results. Conclusions: There were significant differences among all groups, except for Groups A and B. The major result of displacement was Group C. The best results were shown by Group D (p < 0.05).

Marginal fit at cylinder-abutment interface before and after overcasting procedure.

The aim of this study was to measure marginal fit at cylinder-abutment interface, before and after overcasting procedure. A hexagonal implant was fixed to a stainless steel base and a Estheticone-like abutment used during all the experiment. Before casting procedure, gold (Group I) and Ni-Cr-Be (Group II) premachined cylinders were tightened to the abutment with gold and titanium screws (in both groups), with 10Ncm and 20Ncm torque values for the same screw type. Vertical measures were taken at the light microscope (Mitutoyo 5050, Tokyo, Japan) three times in six different parts along the abutment-cylinder interface for each torque value. Cylinders were overcast with Ag-Pd (Group I) or Ni-Cr-Be (Group II) alloy. After casting, the same measures and torque values were repeated. Intragroup differences (10 or 20Ncm torque values, before and after casting) and intergroup differences (10 and 20Ncm torque values, before or after casting) were analyzed by the Paired t Test; (p<0.05). Intragroup differences were observed for G-I (gold, 20Ncm, titanium screw, p=0.044) and for G-II (Ni-Cr-Be, 10Ncm, gold screw, p=0.002). Intergroup differences only were not observed in the G-II group (Ni-Cr-Be, 10 and 20Ncm, titanium screw, p=0.534). Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Regardless of screw type, marginal misfit was higher for Ni-Cr-Be cylinders after casting, but within acceptable levels of fit; 2) The combination of gold cylinders with gold or titanium screws was the most effective to reduce marginal misfit; 3) Both screw types did not improve marginal fit of Ni-Cr-Be cylinders after overcastting, and 4) Although a 20Ncm torque improved marginal fit in all situations, its use is not recommended due to the increased risk of prosthesis failure. Ni-Cr-Be alloys may be successfully used in single-tooth implant restorations, with no damage to the fit between abutment and prosthetic cylinder.

Effect of post length on endodontically treated teeth: fracture resistance

Aim: This study compared the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts and cores systems with different post lengths. Methods: Sixty extracted intact canines were randomly divided in 6 groups of 10 teeth each, as follows: groups 1, 2 and 3 were restored with custom cast post-and-core, and groups 4, 5 and 6 were restored with prefabricated post and composite resin core, with different post lengths (5.0, 7.5 and 10 mm, respectively). A compressive load was applied at a 45-degree angle to the long axis until failure occurred. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (á=0.05) showed statistically significant difference between the groups(p<0.001). However, when the mean fracture forces for the groups were compared (group 1:254.4 N; groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 – 331.7 N, 434.7 N, 405.4 N, 395.6 N and 393.8 N, respectively),no significant differences could be detected among the three groups restored with prefabricated post and group 3. Conclusions: This study showed that an increased post length in teeth restored with prefabricated posts does not significantly increase the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. On the other hand, endodontically treated teeth restored with custom cast-post and core showed significant increase on fracture resistance when the post length is increased.

Avaliação da retenção de coroas totais metálicas cimentadas com diferentes cimentos provisórios / Evaluation of total metallic crowns retention cemented with different provisional cements

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à tração de coroas totais metálicas cimentadas com diferentes cimentos temporários. Para tanto, foram selecionados trinta molares superiores humanos, os quais foram preparados para receber coroas totais metálicase divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de dez cada. As coroas do Grupo 1 foram cimentadas com hidróxidode cálcio (Dycal®); as do Grupo 2 (Temp-Bond®) e 3 (pasta Lysanda®), com cimento e pasta de óxido de zinco e eugenol, respectivamente. Decorridas 24h, submeteram-se os corpos-de prova à tração em máquina de ensaios universal. Terminados os testes, todas as coroas e dentes foram limpados e fez-se a recimentação, submetendo os espécimes novamente ao teste de tração após 21 dias. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância a um critério e a comparação entre as médias foi realizada pelo método de comparação de Student-Newman-Keuls. A análise estatística mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos submetidos ao tracionamento um dia e 21 dias após a cimentação. A resistência à tração após um dia foi maior para o Grupo 1 (21,92 Kgf), seguido, respectivamente, pelos grupos 2 (12,95 Kgf) e 3 (3,64 Kgf). Após 21 dias, os resultados encontrados para o Grupo 1 (1,52 Kgf) e 2 (1,40 Kgf) foram inferiores aos anteriores, ao passo que o Grupo 3 (3,76 Kgf) se manteve semelhante, não havendo diferenças significativas entre si. Observando os resultados, pode-se concluir que o fator tempo pode ser determinante na diminuição da resistência à tração de diferentes cimentos temporários

Influence of intraradicular post and crown ferrule on the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth

The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth restored with different posts and variable ferrule heights. Sixty freshly extracted human canines were treated endodontically and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10), being restored with custom-made cast post-and-core (CP0 and CP3 groups), prefabricated post and composite resin core (PF0 and PF3 groups), and composite resin (CR0 and CR3 groups). The CP0, PF0 and CR0 groups presented no ferrule and the CP3, PF3 and CR3 presented 3 mm of coronal structure. All teeth were restored with full metal crowns. The fracture strength was measured in a universal testing machine at 45o to the long axis of the tooth until failure. Data were analyzed statistically by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). When the mean fracture strength values were compared (CP0 group - 820.20 N, CP3 group - 1179.12 N; PF0 group - 561.05 N; PF3 group - 906.79 N; CR0 group - 297.84 N; and CR3 group - 1135.15 N) there was statistically significant among the groups (p<0.05), except for the three groups with 3 mm of coronal remaining, which were similar to each other. The results of this study showed that the ferrule in crowns promoted significantly higher fracture strength in the endodontically treated teeth.

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente restaurados com diferentes pinos e diferentes alturas de remanescente dentinário da coroa. Sessenta caninos recém-extraídos foram tratados endodonticamente, separados em 6 grupos (n=10) e restaurados com núcleo metálico fundido (CP0 e CP3), pino pré-fabricado e núcleo em resina composta (PF0 e PF3) ou resina composta (CR0 e CR3). Os grupos CP0, PF0 e CR0 não possuíam férula e os grupos CP3, PF3 e CR3 apresentaram 3 mm de remanescente coronário. Todos os dentes foram restaurados com coroas totais metálicas. A resistência à fratura foi medida em máquina universal de ensaios com o longo eixo do dente posicionado a 45 graus em relação ao carregamento axial, até que ocorresse fratura. A análise de variância 2 critérios (?=0,05) mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Quando as médias das forças para fratura foram comparadas (CP0 = 820,0 N; CP3= 1179,12 N; PF0 = 561,05 N; PF3 = 906,79 N; CR0 = 297,84 N; e CR3 = 1135,15 N) não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os 3 grupos com 3 mm de remanescente coronal. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de férula em coroas aumenta significantemente a resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente.

Fracture resistance of weakened roots restored with composite resin and glass fiber post

This study evaluated the fracture resistance of weakened roots restored with glass fiber posts, composite resin cores and complete metal crowns. Thirty maxillary canines were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each: teeth without weakened roots (control); teeth with partially weakened roots (PWR) and teeth with and largely weakened roots (LWR). The control group was restored with glass fiber posts and a composite resin core. Teeth in the PWR and LWR groups were flared internally to standardized dimensions in order to simulate root weakness. Thereafter, the roots were partially filled with composite resin and restored in the same way as in the control group. The specimens were exposed to 250,000 cycles in a controlled chewing simulator. All intact specimens were subjected to a static load (N) in a universal testing machine at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth until failure. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons (p=0.05). There were statistically significant difference differences (p<0.01) among the groups (control group = 566.73 N; PWR = 409.64 N; and LWR = 410.91 N), with significantly higher fracture strength for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the weakened groups. The results of this study showed that thicker root dentin walls significantly increase the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Este estudo avaliou a resistência à fratura de raízes fragilizadas restauradas com pinos de fibra de vidro, núcleos de resina composta e coroas totais metálicas. Trinta caninos superiores foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos. Dentes sem enfraquecimento (grupo controle); grupo de raízes parcialmente enfraquecidas e amplamente enfraquecidas. O grupo controle foi restaurado com pinos de fibra de vidro e núcleo em resina composta. Os dentes dos grupos de raízes parcialmente e amplamente enfraquecidas foram internamente preparadas de maneira padronizada simulando enfraquecimento. Após isto, as raízes foram parcialmente preenchidas com resina composta e restauradas como no grupo controle. Os espécimes foram expostos a 250.000 ciclos em uma máquina de ciclagem mecânica. Todos os dentes intactos foram submetidos à carga estática (N) em uma máquina de ensaio universal a 45 graus ao longo eixo do dente até a sua falha. Os resultados foram analisados através do teste ANOVA a 1 critério e teste de Dunnett para comparações múltiplas (p=0,05). A análise estatística revelou diferenças significantes (p<0,01) entre os três grupos (grupo controle = 566,73 N; RPE = 409,64 N; e ERA = 410,91 N). Quando as três médias de resistência a fratura são ranqueadas as duas menores não se diferem. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que uma maior espessura de paredes dentinárias aumenta significantemente a resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente.

Correlation between margin fit and microleakage in complete crowns cemented with three luting agents

Microleakage can be related to margin misfit. Also, traditional microleakage techniques are time-consuming. This study evaluated the existence of correlation between in vitro margin fit and a new microleakage technique for complete crowns cemented with 3 different luting agents. Thirty human premolars were prepared for full-coverage crowns with a convergence angle of 6 degrees, chamfer margin of 1.2 mm circumferentially, and occlusal reduction of 1.5 mm. Ni-Cr cast crowns were cemented with either zinc phosphate (ZP) (S.S. White), resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) (Rely X Luting Cement) or a resin-based luting agent (RC) (Enforce). Margin fit (seating discrepancy and margin gap) was evaluated according to criteria in the literature under microscope with 0.001 mm accuracy. After thermal cycling, crowns were longitudinally sectioned and microleakage scores at tooth-cement interface were obtained and recorded at ×100 magnification. Margin fit parameters were compared with the one-way ANOVA test and microleakage scores with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (alpha=0.05). Correlation between margin fit and microleakage was analyzed with the Spearman's test (alpha=0.05). Seating discrepancy and marginal gap values ranged from 81.82 µm to 137.22 µm (p=0.117), and from 75.42 µm to 78.49 µm (p=0.940), respectively. Marginal microleakage scores were ZP=3.02, RMGI=0.35 and RC=0.12 (p<0.001), with no differences between RMGI and RC scores. The correlation coefficient values ranged from -0.27 to 0.30 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Margin fit parameters and microleakage showed no strong correlations; cast crowns cemented with RMGI and RC had lower microleakage scores than ZP cement.

Tensile bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with different cements

Proper selection of the luting agent is fundamental to avoid failure due to lack of retention in post-retained crowns. The objective of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength and failure mode of glass fiber posts luted with different cements. Glass fiber posts were luted in 40 mandibular premolars, divided into 4 groups (n = 10): Group 1 - resin-modified glass ionomer RelyX Luting; Group 2 - resin-modified glass ionomer Fuji Plus; Group 3 - resin cement RelyX ARC; Group 4 - resin cement Enforce. Specimens were assessed by tensile strength testing and light microscopy analysis for observation of failure mode. The tensile bond strength values of each group were compared by ANOVA and Tukey test. The significance level was set at 5 percent. The failure modes were described as percentages. The following tensile strength values were obtained: Group 1 - 247.6 N; Group 2 - 256.7 N; Group 3 - 502.1 N; Group 4 - 477.3 N. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 or between Groups 3 and 4, yet the resin cements presented significantly higher tensile bond strength values than those presented by the glass ionomer cements. Group 1 displayed 70 percent of cohesive failures, whereas Groups 2, 3 and 4 exhibited 70 percent to 80 percent of adhesive failures at the dentin-cement interface. We concluded that resin cements and glass ionomer cements are able to provide clinically sufficient retention of glass fiber posts, and that glass ionomer cements may be especially indicated when the application of adhesive techniques is difficult.

A seleção adequada do agente cimentante é essencial para evitar falhas por perda de retenção em coroas retidas por núcleos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a resistência à tração e o tipo de falha de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com diferentes materiais. Cimentaram-se pinos de fibra de vidro em 40 pré-molares inferiores, divididos em 4 grupos (n = 10): Grupo 1 - ionômero de vidro modificado por resina RelyX Luting; Grupo 2 - ionômero de vidro modificado por resina Fuji Plus; Grupo 3 - cimento resinoso RelyX ARC; Grupo 4 - cimento resinoso Enforce. Avaliaram-se os espécimes por teste de resistência à tração e análise por microscopia óptica para observação do tipo de falha. Compararam-se os valores de resistência à tração de cada grupo por análise de variância e teste de Tukey, sendo que o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5 por cento. Descreveram-se os tipos de falha na forma de porcentagens. Os valores de resistência à tração obtidos foram: Grupo 1 - 247,6 N; Grupo 2 - 256,7 N; Grupo 3 - 502,1 N; Grupo 4 - 477,3 N. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os Grupos 1 e 2 ou entre os Grupos 3 e 4, porém os cimentos resinosos apresentaram valores de resistência à tração significativamente maiores do que os apresentados pelos cimentos ionoméricos. O Grupo 1 exibiu 70 por cento de falhas coesivas, enquanto os Grupos 2, 3 e 4 apresentaram 70 por cento a 80 por cento de falhas adesivas na interface dentina-cimento. Concluiu-se que os cimentos resinosos e ionoméricos são capazes de proporcionar retenção clinicamente suficiente de pinos de fibras de vidro, e que os cimentos ionoméricos podem ser indicados principalmente quando houver dificuldades de aplicar técnicas adesivas.