RESUMO
In August 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notified CDC of a consumer complaint involving Salmonella Sandiego infection in a child (the index patient), who had acquired a small turtle (shell length <4 inches [<10 cm]) at an Alabama flea market. The subsequent investigation, which included examining data from PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, identified four multistate Salmonella outbreaks: two involving Salmonella Sandiego and two involving Salmonella Poona. These serotypes have been linked to small turtles in previous outbreaks (1,2). Although selling small turtles as pets in the United States has been banned since 1975 (3), illegal sales still occur at discount stores and flea markets and by street vendors. CDC investigated to determine the extent of the outbreaks and prevent additional infections.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Animais de Estimação/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Tartarugas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Salmonella/transmissão , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Mangifera/microbiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Connecticut/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , SorotipagemRESUMO
We report the development and evaluation of a Salmonella O-group-specific Bio-Plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the United States (B, C(1), C(2), D, E, and O13) plus serotype Paratyphi A. The assay is based on rfb gene targets directly involved in O-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-PCR amplification. The assay correctly and specifically identified 362 of 384 (94.3%) isolates tested in comparison to traditional serotyping. Seventeen isolates (4.4%) produced results consistent with what is known about the molecular basis for serotypes but different from the results of traditional serotyping, and five isolates (1.3%) generated false-negative results. Molecular determination of the serogroup for rough isolates was consistent with a common serotype in most instances, indicating that this approach has the potential to provide O-group information for isolates that do not express an O antigen. We also report the sequence of the O-antigen-encoding rfb gene cluster from Salmonella enterica serotype Poona (serogroup O13). Compared with other, previously characterized rfb regions, the O13 rfb gene cluster was most closely related to Escherichia coli O127 and O86. The O-group Bio-Plex assay described here provides an easy-to-use, high-throughput system for rapid detection of common Salmonella serogroups.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Antígenos O/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Salmonella/classificação , Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Primers do DNA , Humanos , Família Multigênica , Antígenos O/análise , Salmonella/genética , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , SorotipagemRESUMO
We investigated a large outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana among attendees of the 2002 U.S. Transplant Games, including 1,500 organ transplant recipients. Web-based survey methods identified pre-diced tomatoes as the source of this outbreak, which highlights the utility of such investigative tools to cope with the changing epidemiology of foodborne diseases.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Internet , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Coleta de Dados , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Solanum lycopersicum , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , TransplanteRESUMO
We describe a field investigation in New England that identified the emergence and epidemiology of new strains of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, Newport-MDRAmpC, and summarize the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's surveillance data for these infections. In Massachusetts, the prevalence of Newport-MDRAmpC among Salmonella serotype Newport isolates obtained from humans increased from 0% (0/14) in 1998 to 53% (32/60) in 2001 (P<.001). In a retrospective case-control study, infection with Newport-MDRAmpC was domestically acquired and was associated with exposure to a dairy farm. Isolates from both humans and cattle had indistinguishable or closely related antibiograms and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Nationally, the prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella increased from 0.5% in 1998 to 2.4% in 2001; 85% of the isolates in 2001 were Newport-MDRAmpC, and at least 27 states have isolated these strains from humans, cattle, or ground beef. These data document the widespread emergence of Newport-MDRAmpC strains in the United States and show that the 5-fold increase in the prevalence of Salmonella resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, between 1998 and 2001, is primarily due to the emergence of Newport-MDRAmpC strains.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Resistência às Cefalosporinas , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Bovinos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Salmonella/etiologia , Salmonella enterica/genética , SorotipagemRESUMO
An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections occurred in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. A case-control study implicated pasteurized milk from a dairy, and an inspection indicated the potential for contamination after pasteurization. Dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of Salmonella transmission to humans.