Work-related factors in the etiology of symptoms of post-traumatic stress among first responders: the Brazilian Firefighters Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS).

Two important aspects must be accounted for when discussing the mental health of first responders and, in particular, their report of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The first concerns the provision of quantitative data from longitudinal study designs, the second concerns the sophistication of the work-related model used to frame such studies. This is a report on the development of a model for Brazilian firefighters who also work as first responders, from the establishment of a longitudinal panel design study, the Brazilian Firefighter Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS). The first objective was to compare trainee and active firefighters based on their follow-up data with a nationwide sample of similarly aged Brazilians. The second was to test the effect that operational and organizational experiences had on firefighters' PTSS level during follow up. At baseline, trainee firefighters came from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, were healthier and less exposed to trauma compared to a similarly aged national sample. At follow up, they reported higher prevalence of smoking, sleep problems, anhedonia and were more likely to be overweight. PTSS was predicted by operational and organizational stressors, even when controlled for health status at baseline. The results present not only the differences in the predictive status of operational and organizational events in relation to PTSS, but also how the effects of such events might interact. The data suggest the need for evidence-based interventions, support provided and changes at work environments to improve report rates for mental health in general and for PTSS in particular.

Association between low back pain and common mental disorders in adults: systematic review / Associação entre dor lombar e transtornos mentais comuns em adultos: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and results in losses for individuals and society. The biopsychosocial model of LBP offers a comprehensive approach to assessment and interventions. Researchers investigate the relationship between LBP and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) within this concept. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze recent studies on the topic. CONTENTS: The study was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD 42020210375). The 27 articles in the corpus were selected from the Medlin/PubMed and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) databases from 2015 to 2022. Only those that investigated a possible relationship between CMD (anxiety or depression) and LBP in adult populations were included. Most articles in the corpus confirmed the relationship between LBP and CMD, however, gaps were identified regarding the direction of causality between the two outcomes and why this relationship was established. Methodological limitations in relation to sample selection and LBP assessment instruments used were also identified. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the need for studies on the topic with greater methodological criteria and with a design that allows causality to be assessed. Thus, it will be possible to guide clinical practice based on scientific evidence. Longitudinal studies with an emphasis on the biopsychosocial model can contribute to support specific therapeutic approaches.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar (DL) é uma das principais causas mundiais de incapacidade. Trata-se de um desfecho cuja etiologia é reconhecidamente multifatorial, com prejuízos para os indivíduos e a sociedade. O modelo biopsicos-social da DL apresenta uma abordagem ampla, tanto na avaliação quanto nas intervenções. A relação entre DL e Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) é objeto de estudo dentro da concepção desse modelo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os estudos recentes sobre esse tema. CONTEÚDO: O estudo foi submetido ao International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (número de registro CRD 42020210375). Os 27 artigos do corpus foram selecionados das bases de dados Medline/Pubmed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) no período de 2015 a 2022. Foram incluídos apenas aqueles que investigaram possíveis relações entre TMC (ansiedade ou depressão) e DL em populações adultas. A maioria dos artigos do corpus confirmou a relação entre DL e TMC, no entanto foram identificadas lacunas sobre a direção de causalidade entre os dois desfechos e sobre os motivos pelos quais essa relação se estabeleceu. Também foram identificadas limitações metodológicas em relação à seleção da amostra e aos instrumentos de avaliação da dor lombar utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Esta revisão destacou a necessidade de estudos sobre o tópico com maiores critérios metodológicos e com um desenho que permita avaliar a causalidade. Assim, será possível orientar a prática clínica baseando-se em evidências científicas. Estudos longitudinais com ênfase no modelo biopsicossocial podem contribuir para embasar abordagens terapêuticas específicas.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese.

BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Work-related factors in the etiology of symptoms of post-traumatic stress among first responders: the Brazilian Firefighters Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS) / Fatores relacionados ao trabalho na etiologia de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático entre socorristas: o Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde em Bombeiros Brasileiros (FLoHS) / Factores laborales relacionados con la etiología de síntomas de estrés postraumático entre trabajadores de primeros auxilios: el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud en Bomberos Brasileños (FLoHS)

Abstract: Two important aspects must be accounted for when discussing the mental health of first responders and, in particular, their report of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The first concerns the provision of quantitative data from longitudinal study designs, the second concerns the sophistication of the work-related model used to frame such studies. This is a report on the development of a model for Brazilian firefighters who also work as first responders, from the establishment of a longitudinal panel design study, the Brazilian Firefighter Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS). The first objective was to compare trainee and active firefighters based on their follow-up data with a nationwide sample of similarly aged Brazilians. The second was to test the effect that operational and organizational experiences had on firefighters' PTSS level during follow up. At baseline, trainee firefighters came from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, were healthier and less exposed to trauma compared to a similarly aged national sample. At follow up, they reported higher prevalence of smoking, sleep problems, anhedonia and were more likely to be overweight. PTSS was predicted by operational and organizational stressors, even when controlled for health status at baseline. The results present not only the differences in the predictive status of operational and organizational events in relation to PTSS, but also how the effects of such events might interact. The data suggest the need for evidence-based interventions, support provided and changes at work environments to improve report rates for mental health in general and for PTSS in particular.

Resumo: Há duas questões subjacentes importantes na saúde mental dos socorristas, e particularmente em seu relato de sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). A primeira diz respeito à produção de dados quantitativos a partir do delineamento de estudos longitudinais, e a segunda está relacionada à sofisticação do modelo relacionado ao trabalho para contextualizar tais estudos. O artigo aborda o desenvolvimento de um modelo para bombeiros brasileiros, que também são socorristas, através do estabelecimento de um estudo com delineamento de painel longitudinal, chamado Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde em Bombeiros Brasileiros (FLoHS). O primeiro objetivo foi a comparação de bombeiros estagiários versus efetivados com base em dados de seguimento com uma amostra nacional de brasileiros com idades semelhantes. O segundo objetivo foi testar o efeito das experiências operacionais e organizacionais sobre os níveis de sintomas de TEPT nos bombeiros durante o seguimento. Na linha de base, os bombeiros estagiários vinham de origens socioeconômicas mais favoráveis e eram mais saudáveis e menos expostos a trauma, em comparação com uma amostra nacional da população com idade semelhante. No seguimento, os estagiários relatavam maior prevalência de tabagismo, problemas de sono, anedonia e maior sobrepeso. Os sintomas de TEPT eram previstos por estressores operacionais e organizacionais, mesmo despois de controlar para o estado de saúde na linha de base. Os resultados apontaram não apenas para diferenças no estado preditivo dos eventos operacionais e organizacionais em relação aos sintomas de TEPT, como também, para a maneira pela qual esses eventos podem interagir em termos de efeitos. Assim, os dados sugerem intervenções baseadas em evidências, apoio através do trabalho e organização do trabalho que possam melhorar as taxas de notificação para saúde mental em geral e sintomas de TEPT em particular.

Resumen: Existen dos importantes temas subyacentes a la salud mental de los trabajadores de primeros auxilios y, uno en particular, es la manifestación de síntomas de estrés postraumático (PTSS). El primero está relacionado con la provisión de datos cuantitativos, procedentes de estudios de diseños longitudinales, y, el segundo, con la sofisticación según el modelo de trabajo usado para enmarcar tales estudios. Este trabajo informó del desarrollo de un modelo para los bomberos brasileños, que también son trabajadores de primeros auxilios, mediante el establecimiento de un estudio de diseño longitudinal: el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud en Bomberos Brasileños (FloHS). El primer objetivo fue comparar bomberos entrenados y activos, basándonos en sus datos de seguimiento, con una muestra nacional de brasileños en edades similares. El segundo objetivo fue probar el efecto que las experiencias operacionales y organizativas tuvieron en el nivel de PTSS entre los bomberos durante el seguimiento. En la base de referencia, los bomberos entrenados contaban con antecedentes socioeconómicos más altos, estaban más sanos y menos expuestos al trauma, cuando se comparan con una muestra nacional de población en edad similar. Durante el seguimiento, informaron de una prevalencia más alta de fumadores, problemas de sueño, anhedonia y tenían más probabilidad de tener sobrepeso. Los PTSS se predijeron mediante estresores operacionales y organizativos, incluso controlando el estatus de salud en la base de referencia. Los resultados apuntaron no solo las diferencias en el estatus predictivo de eventos operacionales y organizativos, en relación con PTSS, sino también la forma en la que tal vez tales eventos interactúan en sus efectos. De este modo, los datos animan intervenciones basadas en la evidencia, además de apoyo mediante el trabajo y diseño de intervenciones, que tal vez mejore las tasas de informes para la salud mental en general y para los PTSS en particular.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) and Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) for the Brazilian context.

OBJECTIVE:: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) and the Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context. METHOD:: The adaptation process sought to establish conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalence between the original items of the questionnaire and their translated versions, following standardized protocols. Initially, two researchers translated the original version of the scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Next, a native English speaker performed the back-translation. Quantitative and qualitative criteria were used to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Five specialists compared the original and translated versions and assessed the degree of equivalence between them in terms of semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual aspects. The degree of agreement between the specialists was measured using the content validity coefficient (CVC). Finally, 28 volunteers from the target population were interviewed in order to assess their level of comprehension of the items. RESULTS:: CVCs for items from both scales were satisfactory for all criteria. The mean comprehension scores were above the cutoff point established. Overall, the results showed that the adapted versions' items had adequate rates of equivalence in terms of concepts and semantics. CONCLUSIONS:: The translation and adaptation processes were successful for both scales, resulting in versions that are not only equivalent to the originals, but are also intelligible for the population at large.

Crescimento pós-traumático em profissionais de emergências: uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais / Posttraumatic growth among emergency workers: a systematic review of observational studies / Crecimiento post-traumático en profesionales de servicios de urgencia: una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales

A exposição a eventos traumáticos pode gerar Crescimento Pós-Traumático (CPT). O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática das publicações sobre prevalência de CPT e sua associação com estressores ocupacionais entre profissionais de emergências. A revisão foi baseada no método PRISMA e previamente registrada no PROSPERO. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO). Dentre os resultados, não foi possível identificar a prevalência de CPT. Estressores operacionais foram associados ao CPT. Estressores organizacionais foram raramente investigados. Concluiu-se que o CPT é um dos focos em estudos sobre reações pós-traumáticas entre profissionais de emergências e está associado a estressores ocupacionais. Por isso, trata-se de um construto importante para compreender a saúde mental desses profissionais, dada a organização e a natureza de suas tarefas no trabalho. (AU)

Exposure to traumatic events can lead to Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). The present study aimed to was to conduct a systematic review of publications on the prevalence of PTG and its association with occupational stressors among emergency professionals. The review was based on the PRISMA method and previously registered in PROSPERO. The search was conducted in following eletronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Mediline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). It was not possible to identify the prevalence of The prevalence of PTG was not identified among emergency professionals. Operational stressors were associated with to PTG. Organizational stressors were rarely investigated. We concluded that PTG is one of the focuses in studies on post-traumatic reactions among emergency professionals and it is associated with occupational stressors. Therefore, it is an important construct to understand the mental health of these professionals given the organization and the nature of their occupational tasks. (AU)

La exposición a eventos traumáticos puede generar Crecimiento Post-Traumático (CPT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones sobre predominio del CPT y su asociación con estresores ocupacionales entre profesionales de servicios de urgencia. La revisión fue basada en el método PRISMA y previamente registrada en el PROSPERO. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos de Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Entre los resultados, no fue posible identificar el predominio del CPT. Estresores operativos se asociaron con el CPT y estresores organizacionales fueron raramente investigados. Se concluyó que el CPT es el foco principal en los estudios sobre reacciones postraumáticas entre los profesionales de servicios de urgencia y está asociado a estresores ocupacionales. Por eso, se trata de un constructo importante para comprender la salud mental de esos profesionales dada la organización y la naturaleza de sus tareas en el trabajo. (AU)

Baixas na linha de frente: absenteísmo entre bombeiros durante o combate à pandemia da COVID-19 / Frontline losses: absenteeism among firefighters during the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivos: descrever o absenteísmo relacionado a casos suspeitos (com infecção respiratória aguda) e confirmados da COVID-19 e a outros diagnósticos entre bombeiros de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: foram analisados os registros oficiais sobre afastamento do trabalho por problemas de saúde (licença-saúde). A análise foi organizada em: 1) gráficos estratificados por grupo de diagnóstico; 2) análises descritivas da proporção de licenças-saúde e do percentual de dias de trabalho perdidos por infecção respiratória aguda; 3) comparação (qui-quadrado) da proporção de licenças-saúde e do percentual de dias de trabalho perdidos por infecção respiratória aguda e por outros diagnósticos entre 2019 e 2020. Resultados: a análise gráfica mostrou um padrão regular de licenças-saúde antes do início da pandemia, um pico de licenças-saúde por infecção respiratória aguda após o início da pandemia e um novo padrão de licenças-saúde após o período de pico. A proporção de licenças-saúde e o percentual de dias de trabalho perdidos por infecção respiratória aguda aumentaram, respectivamente, 312% e 580% em 2020. Em contraste, o percentual de dias de trabalho perdidos por outros diagnósticos diminuiu 16%. Conclusão: a mudança no perfil de absenteísmo entre bombeiros reflete o vínculo formal de emprego, as políticas institucionais e a percepção de risco sobre a COVID-19.

Abstract Objectives: to describe absenteeism related to suspected (acute respiratory infection cases) and confirmed cases of COVID-19 and other diagnoses among firefighters in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: we analyzed official records of sick leave due to health problems. The analysis was organized into: 1) graphs stratified by diagnostic group; 2) descriptive analyses of proportion of sick leave and percentage of working days lost due to acute respiratory infection; Chi-squared comparison of proportion of sick leave and percentage of working days lost due to acute respiratory infection, and other diagnoses, between 2019 and 2020. Results: the graphical analysis showed a regular sick leave pattern before the onset of the pandemic, a peak in sick leave due to acute respiratory infection after the onset of the pandemic, and a new sick leave pattern after the peak period. The proportion of sick leave and the percentage of working days lost due to acute respiratory infection increased by 312% and 580% in 2020, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of working days lost due to other diagnoses decreased by 16%. Conclusion: the change in the absenteeism profile among firefighters reflects formal employment contract, institutional policies and risk perception about COVID-19.

Affective temperaments and antidepressant response in the clinical management of mood disorders.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a relationship between affective temperament and antidepressant treatment response in mood disorder patients. METHODS: The lifetime history of antidepressant response of 90 bipolar disorder patients and 88 major depressive disorder patients were retrospectively evaluated and then assigned to one of four subgroups: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), no response (NR), and antidepressant associated mania response (AAMR). Using TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro - the brief Brazilian version of TEMPS-A - we compared affective temperament subscale scores across these groups. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant relationship between depressive and anxious affective temperaments and no antidepressant response. In bipolar disorder patients, cyclothymic temperament (p<0.01) and hyperthymic temperament (p<0.05) were associated with antidepressant-associated mania. Hyperthymic temperament was associated with complete antidepressant responses in major depressive disorder patients. LIMITATIONS: The evaluation of antidepressant response was retrospective. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are consistent with the theory that affective temperament traits are factors that can influence the antidepressant response and the recovery from depressive episodes, but more longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this theory and our findings.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Affective temperaments: familiality and clinical use in mood disorders.

BACKGROUND: The affective temperament profiles among patients with mood disorders may be an important parameter in the clinical evaluation of these patients. It has been proposed that temperament traits have familiality and may represent vulnerability markers to identify the risk to developing specific clinical type of mood disorders. To test these theories, measures of temperament were examined in bipolar patients (BP), unipolar major depressive patients (UP), healthy relatives of these patients (HRP) and normal controls (NC). METHODS: We compared affective temperament scores, using the brief Brazilian version of TEMPS-A--TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro, between 90 BP, 88 UP, 132 HRP and 136 NC. A MANCOVA model was constructed. Dependent variables were the six subscales of the TEMPS-RJ (depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, hyperthymic, anxious and worrying temperaments). The effects of age and gender were adjusted as covariates. Furthermore, we performed a comparison between a subgroup of 68 HRP, relatives of bipolar patients (HRBP), and the remainders 64 HRP, relatives of unipolar patients (HRUP) and controls. RESULTS: The clinical group (BP, UP) showed higher temperament scores than NC, except for hyperthymic scores. BP showed higher cyclothymic (p<0.001), hyperthymic (p<0.001) and lower anxious (p<0.01) temperament scores than UP. HRP showed lower scores than clinical groups. HRBP scored higher cyclothymic subscale than HRUP and NC groups. LIMITATIONS: Bipolar I and II subjects were placed in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: The cyclothymic and hyperthymic traits were associated with bipolarity in patients and cyclothymic temperament could be a characteristic trait of the healthy relatives of bipolar patients. Our data support that affective temperament might become a useful tool for clinical evaluation and research purposes in mood disorders.

Teoria motivacional do coping: um modelo hierárquico e desenvolvimental / Motivational coping theory: A hierarchical and developmental model / Teoría de motivación del coping: un modelo jerárquico y de desarrollo

Os estudos sobre coping comumente são baseados na proposta cognitivista de Richard Lazarus e Susan Folkman. Entretanto, há outras abordagens teóricas que tratam o tema. Entre elas, ressalta-se a Teoria Motivacional do Coping (TMC) desenvolvida por Ellen Skinner e colaboradores na década de 1990. A presente revisão integrativa teve como objetivo sistematizar os elementos que compõem a rede nomológica do coping conforme proposta pela TMC. Critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos artigos foram utilizados. Os resultados foram organizados em três seções. Na primeira, foram discutidos os elementos antecedentes que influenciam o processo de enfrentamento. Na segunda seção, foi apresentada a estrutura hierárquica do construto. Finalmente, foi discutida a relação entre o coping e os desfechos adaptativos. Conclui-se que a TMC é uma abordagem desenvolvimental promissora. Novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de levantar evidências para a validação empírica do modelo

Research on coping is commonly based on the cognitive model developed by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman. However, other theoretical approaches also discuss the subject. Among them, we highlight the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC) developed by Ellen Skinner and colleagues in the 1990s. This integrative review aimed to systematize the elements of the nomological network of coping, as proposed by the MTC. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the selection of articles. Results were organized into three sections. In the first, we discuss elements that influence coping. In the second section, we show the hierarchical framework of coping. Finally, we discussed the relationship between the coping and the adaptive outcomes. We conclude that the MTC is a promising developmental approach. Further studies should be conducted to gather empirical evidence of the model

Los estudios sobre coping se basan comúnmente en la propuesta cognitiva de Richard Lazarus y Susan Folkman. Pese a eso, hay otros abordajes teóricos que tratan el tema. Entre ellos, destacamos la Teoría Motivacional del Coping (TMC) desarrollada por Ellen Skinner y colaboradores, en la década de 1990. El objetivo de esta revisión integrativa es sistematizar los elementos que componen la red nomológica del coping según la propuesta de la TMC. Fueron utilizados criterios de inclusión y exclusión de los artículos. Los resultados fueron organizados en tres secciones. En la primera sección se discutieron los elementos anteriores que influyen en el proceso de coping. En la segunda sección fue presentada la estructura jerárquica del constructo. Finalmente, fue discutida la relación entre coping y los resultados de adaptación. Se concluye que la TMC es un abordaje de desarrollo prometedor. Nuevos estudios deben ser realizados con el fin de reunir evidencias para la validez empírica del modelo

O percurso da avaliação psicológica nos simpósios da ANPEPP / The path of psychological assessment in ANPEPP symposiums / La ruta de evaluación psicológica en simposios ANPEPP

Será apresentado, em uma perspectiva histórica, a participação da área da avaliação psicológica (AP) nas edições do Simpósio Bienal de Pesquisa e Intercâmbio Científico da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Psicologia (ANPEPP). Tais Simpósios constituem em uma das principais ações dessa Associação, contribuindo para o intercâmbio e a cooperação entre os centros de pesquisa e pesquisadores. Constatou-se a presença da AP desde a primeira edição do simpósio, ocorrido em 1988. Enquanto, nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, um único grupo de trabalho (GT) reunia pesquisadores de AP, na virada da década passada para a atual, o número de GTs de AP aumentou de três para cinco. A criação desses novos GTs reflete a expansão dessa área no âmbito da pesquisa, tanto pelo número de pesquisadores envolvidos quanto pela diversidade de temas relacionados à AP. Produções científicas advindas dos GTs têm contribuído substantivamente para o desenvolvimento da Psicologia no Brasil.

We present here, in a historical perspective, the participation of area of psychological assessment (PA) in the editions of the Biennial Symposium on Research and Scientific Exchange of the National Association for Research and Graduate Studies in Psychology (ANPEPP). These Symposiums constitute one of the primary actions of this Association, contributing to the exchange and cooperation between research centers and researchers. The presence of PA dates back to the first edition of the symposium in 1988. In the 1990s and 2000s, there was only one PA work group. However, from 2000 to the present, the number of work groups increased from three to five. The creation of these additional work groups reflects the expansion of the area under research, both in number of researchers involved and in the diversity of issues related to PA. Scientific production resulting from these work groups has contributed substantially to the development of psychology in Brazil.

Presentamos en una perspectiva histórica la participación del área de Evaluación Psicológica (EP) en las ediciones del Simposio Bienal de Asociación Nacional de Investigaciones y Postgrado en Psicología (ANPEPP). Tales Simposios se constituyen en una de las principales acciones de esta Asociación, que contribuyen para intercambio y cooperación entre centros de investigación e investigadores. Se constató la presencia de la EP desde la primera edición del Simposio en 1988. En las década de 1990 a 2000, un solo grupo de trabajo (GT) reunió investigadores de EP. Desde el comienzo del año 2000 hasta la actualidad, el número de GTs aumentó de tres a cinco. La creación de estos nuevos GTs refleja la expansión de esa área en el ámbito de la investigación, tanto por el número de investigadores como por la diversidad de temas relacionados con la EP. Las producciones científicas provenientes de los GTs han contribuído sustancialmente para el desarrollo de la Psicología en Brasil.

Lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências: adaptação e validação / Checklist of occupational traumatic events for emergency professionals: Adaptation and validation / Lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergência: adaptación y validación

O objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever o processo de adaptação e as características psicométricas da versão brasileira da lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências (LET-PE). Profissionais de emergências (n=30) participaram da etapa de investigação de equivalência semântica da escala. Trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências (n=75) e bombeiros (n=184) participaram dos estudos acerca das características psicométricas. Foram realizados teste­reteste (Bland-Altman) e comparações entre os grupos (teste t de Student). Os itens foram considerados de fácil compreensão por representantes da população-alvo. As comparações entre trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências e bombeiros com e sem sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático (TEPT) mostraram que a escala apresenta evidências de validade relacionadas a critérios externos. Os coeficientes teste­reteste foram satisfatórios. A versão brasileira da lista de eventos é compreensível e psicometricamente adequada para mensuração da exposição a situações traumáticas em serviços de emergências. A LET-PE contribuirá para os estudos sobre trauma ocupacional no Brasil.(AU)

The aim of the present paper was to describe the adaptation process and psychometric characteristics of the Brazilian version of the occupational traumatic events checklist for emergency professionals (LET-PE). Emergency professionals (n=30) participated in the semantic equivalence scale study. Workers related and not related to emergency services (n=75) and firefighters (n=184) participated in studies about the psychometric characteristics. Test-retest (Blend-Altman) and comparisons between groups (Student's t test) were performed. The items were considered easy to understand by individuals of the target population. Group comparisons between professionals related and not related to emergency services and firefighters with and without Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms indicated that the scale shows validity evidences based on external criteria. Test-retest coefficients were satisfactory. Brazilian version of traumatic events checklist resulted in an understandable version and psychometrically suitable for measuring exposure to traumatic situations in emergency services. The LET-PE will contribute to studies on occupational trauma in Brazil.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de adaptación y las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de la lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergencia (LET-PE). Profesionales de la emergencia (n= 30) participaron en la etapa de obtención de equivalencia semántica. Trabajadores vinculados y no vinculadas a los servicios de emergencia (n=75) y bomberos (n=184) participaron en los estudios sobre las características psicométricas. Se realizaron análisis test-retest (Bland-Altman) y comparaciones entre los grupos (t de Student). La lista fue considerada fácil de entender por los representantes de la población. Las comparaciones entre trabajadores vinculados y no vinculados a los servicios de emergencia y bomberos con y sin síntomas de TEPT indicaron que la escala muestra evidencia de validez basada en criterios externos. Los coeficientes test-retest fueron satisfactorios. La versión brasileña de la lista de eventos es comprensible y psicométricamente adecuada para medir la exposición a situaciones traumáticas en los servicios de emergencia. El LET-PE contribuirá a las investigaciones sobre el trauma ocupacional en Brasil.(AU)

[Temperament traits associated with bipolar affective disorder: an integrative literature review]. / Traços de temperamento associados ao transtorno afetivo bipolar: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

Studies have suggested an association between temperament characteristics and adjustment and psychiatric disorders, describing them as different manifestations of vulnerability to psychopathology. The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the literature on temperament traits typical of bipolar patients in relation to the general population. A systematic search was conducted on the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and LILACS databases, using the headings bipolar disorder, temperament and/or personality, between January 2000 and December 2010. The search was performed in January 2011. A total of 199 articles were identified for potential inclusion in the review. After application of the exclusion criteria, a total of 15 articles were selected and their full texts analyzed. Review of the selected studies revealed heterogeneity in terms of sample profile and specific temperament traits assessed with the appropriate instruments. Temperament traits in bipolar patients are identified based on different theoretical models. The results of five studies consistently showed that neuroticism is a distinct personality trait in the temperament profile of bipolar patients. Future reviews should use more specific keywords and limit the search to studies with a longitudinal design.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) and Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) for the Brazilian context / Adaptação transcultural da Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) e da Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) and the Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context. Method: The adaptation process sought to establish conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalence between the original items of the questionnaire and their translated versions, following standardized protocols. Initially, two researchers translated the original version of the scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Next, a native English speaker performed the back-translation. Quantitative and qualitative criteria were used to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Five specialists compared the original and translated versions and assessed the degree of equivalence between them in terms of semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual aspects. The degree of agreement between the specialists was measured using the content validity coefficient (CVC). Finally, 28 volunteers from the target population were interviewed in order to assess their level of comprehension of the items. Results: CVCs for items from both scales were satisfactory for all criteria. The mean comprehension scores were above the cutoff point established. Overall, the results showed that the adapted versions' items had adequate rates of equivalence in terms of concepts and semantics. Conclusions: The translation and adaptation processes were successful for both scales, resulting in versions that are not only equivalent to the originals, but are also intelligible for the population at large.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural das escalas Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) e Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) para o contexto sociolinguístico brasileiro. Método: A adaptação das escalas buscou estabelecer a equivalência conceitual, semântica e operacional entre os itens originais das escalas e suas versões traduzidas, por meio de um protocolo padronizado. Inicialmente, dois pesquisadores traduziram as versões originais para o português. Na sequência, um falante nativo de língua inglesa realizou a tradução reversa. A inteligibilidade dos itens foi analisada por meio de critérios quantitativos e qualitativos. Cinco especialistas compararam as versões originais e traduzidas e avaliaram o grau de equivalência entre elas nos quesitos semântico, idiomático, cultural e conceitual. O grau de concordância entre os especialistas foi medido pelo coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC). Por fim, 28 voluntários da população-alvo foram entrevistados para verificar o nível de compreensão dos itens. Resultados: Os itens das duas escalas apresentaram CVCs satisfatórios em todos os quesitos. Os escores médios referentes ao grau de compreensão dos itens foram acima do ponto de corte estabelecido. No conjunto, os resultados indicaram índices adequados de equivalência conceitual e semântica para os itens das versões adaptadas. Conclusão: O processo de tradução e adaptação foi bem-sucedido para as duas escalas, resultando em versões não apenas equivalentes às originais, mas também compreensíveis para a população-alvo em geral.

Impulsivity components measured by the Brazilian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) / Componentes da impulsividade avaliados pela versão brasileira da Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Content item analysis was conducted by seven doctoral students. A convenience sample of 897 students was submitted to BIS-11 and they also filled self-reports about Minor Mental Disorder and ADHD symptoms, alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Mean age was 27.32 (SD=8.69) years, 56% were female and 52% had incomplete college degree. Content and factorial analyses revealed that impulsivity was best represented by two latent factors labeled non-planning and inhibition behaviors. Test retest agreement tended to produce similar score patterns seven months after the first evaluation. Additionally, BIS-11 scores discriminated subjects in terms of cigarette smoking and psychopathological symptoms, which indicated evidences regarding criterion-related validity. The theoretical discussion was present based on the neuropsychological model of hot and cool aspects of executive function.

O objetivo principal desse estudo foi investigar as características psicométricas da Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). A análise do conteúdo dos itens foi realizada por sete doutorandos. A amostra foi composta por 897 estudantes submetidos a BIS-11 e a medidas de autorrelato sobre a presença de sintomas de Transtorno Mental Comum e TDAH, uso de álcool e tabagismo. A idade média foi de 27,32 (DP=8,69) anos, 56% eram mulheres e 52% tinham educação superior incompleta. Análises de conteúdo e fatorial indicaram que a impulsividade é representada mais adequadamente por dois fatores denominados dificuldade de planejamento e controle inibitório. Concordância teste-reteste indicou que os escores se mantiveram estáveis após sete meses. Adicionalmente, os escores da BIS-11 discriminaram os indivíduos em termos de tabagismo e sintomas psicopatológicos, indicando evidências de validade de critério. A discussão dos resultados foi baseada no modelo neuropsicológico dos componentes quentes e frios das funções executivas.

Maintaining quality of life in multiple sclerosis: fact, fiction, or limited reality?

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important marker for health-related impacts on individuals with chronic diseases. This HRQOL study compares multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to a socio-demographically-matched healthy control group. HRQOL was assessed by means of a modular instrument (DEFU/DEFIS), which allows comparisons between diseased and healthy individuals. Main goal of the study was to obtain pertinent data to build a more reliable theoretical framework concerning HRQOL in MS. Another aim was to test the hypothesis of the so-called happiness paradox, according to which disabled individuals could maintain reasonable levels of HRQOL. Results show that MS individuals present lower levels of HRQOL in comparison to healthy controls, arguing against the happiness paradox hypothesis. Preservation of HRQOL levels against certain levels of disability may be restricted to a group of patients.

PMK: Medidas válidas para a predição do desempenho no trabalho? / MKP: Are there validity measures to predict job performance?

O Psicodiagnóstico Miocinético (PMK) tem sido considerado uma técnica útil na avaliação da personalidade pelos profissionais, embora sejam escassas as investigações que comprovem sua utilidade do ponto de vista aplicado. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a validade preditiva das dimensões do PMK em relação ao desempenho no trabalho em uma organização estadual. Participaram deste estudo 248 indivíduos destros, com idade média de 22,67 (DP=3,05) anos, sendo 83,90% do sexo masculino. Os resultados das associações univariadas entre os 66 traçados do PMK e o desempenho, embora significativos, foram fracos. As associações encontradas não se sustentaram na análise de regressão logística. Esses resultados indicaram que as dimensões teóricas do PMK, tal como preconizadas no manual do instrumento, sendo elas investigados isoladas ou em conjunto, não foram relevantes para predizer o desempenho no trabalho dos funcionários da organização estudada. Discutem-se os cuidados metodológicos e os limites da presente investigação...

Myokinetic Psychodiagnosis (MKP) has been considered a useful instrument by the Brazilian professional community, although there are few validity investigations about its psychometrics properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of MKP measures in relation to job performance. The sample comprised 248 right-handed individuals, with a mean age of 22.67 years (SD= 3.05), 83.90% are male and all of them had finished high school. Preliminarily, exploratory factor analyses were conducted to obtain factors corresponding to the theoretical dimensions of the instrument. Results of univariate associations between measures were significant, but weak. These associations were not sustained in logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that MKP theoretical dimensions were not relevant to predict job performance in the studied institution...

Validity of G-36 and knowledge tests in relation to performance at a training program / Evidências de validade preditiva do G-36 e de provas de conhecimento acadêmico em relação ao desempenho no treinamento

This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of academic grades and G-36 scores in personnel selection. The sample was compose by 83 individuals from public organization with mean age of 22.01 (SD=2.99) years old, being 81.9% males and 91.6% with eleven years of education (High School at least). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to verify the association between training performance and both predictors. Significant correlations were observed between variables range. Linear regression indicated a shared variance of 23.0% between G-36 and theoretical disciplines results. New research could be development to investigate the contribution of knowledge tests to personnel selection.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a validade preditiva da nota na prova de conhecimentos acadêmicos e o escore no G-36 em relação ao desempenho no treinamento. A amostra foi composta por 83 candidatos de uma organização pública, com média de idade de 22,91 anos (DP=2,99), sendo 81,9% do sexo masculino e 98,8% com nível médio de escolaridade. Dentre os resultados, não houve correlação significativa entre a nota na prova e as notas nas disciplinas no treinamento. Associações significativas, iguais a 0,5 e 0,41, foram obtidas entre o escore do G-36 e as disciplinas teóricas e práticas respectivamente. Análise de regressão linear indicou que o escore no G-36 apresenta uma variância compartilhada igual a 23,0% em relação às disciplinas teóricas. Novas pesquisas deverão ser conduzidas para esclarecer os resultados do estudo e a contribuição das provas de conhecimentos amplamente utilizadas na seleção de pessoas em concursos públicos.

Relationship between neuropsychological and clinical aspects and suicide attempts in euthymic bipolar patients / Relação entre aspectos clínicos e neuropsicológicos e as tentativas de suicídio em pacientes eutímicos com transtorno afetivo bipolar

Some studies have investigated the possible relationship between suicide attempts and impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between neuro-psychological and clinical aspects and suicide behavior in euthymic bipolar patients. The Iowa Gambling Task and the Conner's Continuous Performance Test evaluated impulsivity in 95 euthymic bipolar patients - 42 suicide attempters and 115 normal control participants. A factorial analysis evaluated the adequacy of the instruments. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was done in order to develop a model to predict suicide attempts. Our results point to a specific type of impulsivity related to making decisions, lack of planning and borderline personality disorder comorbidity. This type of impulsivity is a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder.

Alguns estudos investigaram a possível relação entre tentativas de suicídio e impulsividade em pacientes com transtorno bipolar. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre características neuropsicológicas e clínicas e o comportamento suicida em pacientes bipolares eutímicos. Utilizamos o Iowa Gambling Task e o Conner's Continuous Performance Test para avaliar a impulsividade em 95 pacientes eutímicos com transtorno bipolar (42 com tentativas de suicídio) e 155 controles normais. Uma análise fatorial avaliou a adequação dos instrumentos e foi criado um modelo para previsão do número de tentativas de suicídio usando regressão linear múltipla. Nossos resultados apontam para um tipo específico de impulsividade relacionada à tomada de decisões, falta de planejamento e para a comorbidade Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline. A impulsividade por não planejamento é um fator de risco para tentativas de suicídio em pacientes com Transtorno Bipolar.