Dietary patterns in a nursing team measured by principal component analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the dietary pattern of nursing professionals at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. METHOD: A sectional study with nursing professionals (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants). Two 24-hour food recall records were applied, totaling 459 foods, being reduced to 24 food groups. Food patterns were identified using the Principal Component Analysis technique, followed by orthogonal varimax rotation. A Scree Plot graph indicated three factors to be extracted and loads > +0.30 were adopted to define dietary patterns. RESULTS: A total of 309 professionals participated. The sample consisted of 85.8% of female individuals. The patterns were named "traditional" which included rice (0.747), beans (0.702) and meat (0.713); "healthy": vegetables (0.444), greens (0.450), fruits (0.459), bananas and oranges (0.379), and "snacks": sugar (0.661), bread (0.471), cakes and cookies (0.334), non-alcoholic drinks (0.727). CONCLUSION: The results highlight the "traditional" food pattern of Brazilian food consumption based on the combination of rice, beans and meat. Future studies may investigate the effect of dietary patterns on health outcomes among nursing workers.

The identification of food patterns: a comparison of principal component and principal axis factoring techniques. / Identificação de padrões alimentares: comparação das técnicas de análise de componentes principais e de principais eixos fatoriais.

INTRODUCTION: Dietary patterns are based on the concept that food consumed together or by itself is as important as food or nutrient intake. OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary patterns in a sample of nursing professionals and to explore the differences between the patterns found using two techniques: principal components (PC) and principal factorial axis (PAF). METHOD: The current report was based on data from 309 participants on a nursing team at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A 24-hour dietary recall was used, resulting in 24 food groups. To identify the dietary patterns, we applied a multivariate analysis, specifically the PC and the PAF, followed by a Varimax orthogonal rotation. RESULTS: The Cattell graphic test indicated three factors to be extracted. The communality varied between 0.41 and 0.76. Higher loads than 0.30 were considered in the pattern composition. The two methods identified similar dietary patterns, called traditional patterns. The other two patterns were nominated as healthy and snacks, having inverted position of factors in the applied techniques. CONCLUSION: The observed differences refer to: the number of food groups that enter the composition of components and factors; the size of the smaller loads in the PAF and the order of the alimentary patterns, especially those derived from loads of a smaller magnitude. However, these differences do not seem to impact the interpretability of dietary patterns in this population.

INTRODUÇÃO: O padrão alimentar tem como base conceitual o fato de que os alimentos consumidos em conjunto são tão importantes quanto o consumo de alimentos ou nutrientes isoladamente. OBJETIVOS: Identificar padrões alimentares em amostra de profissionais de enfermagem e explorar a diferença entre os padrões encontrados, utilizando para isso duas técnicas: componentes principais (CP) e principais eixos fatoriais (PAF). MÉTODO: O presente estudo foi baseado nos dados de 309 participantes de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, resultando em 24 grupos alimentares. Para identificar os padrões alimentares, foram aplicadas as técnicas CP e PAF, seguidas da rotação ortogonal Varimax. RESULTADOS: O gráfico de Cattell indicou três fatores a serem extraídos. A comunalidade variou de 0,41 a 0,76, considerando cargas maiores do que 0,30 na composição do padrão. Os dois métodos identificaram padrões alimentares semelhantes, destacando o primeiro padrão, tradicional, nas duas técnicas. Os outros dois padrões foram nomeados de saudável e lanche, tendo posição inversa nas técnicas aplicadas. CONCLUSÃO: As diferenças observadas referem-se: ao número de grupos alimentares que entram na composição dos componentes e dos fatores; à magnitude das cargas menores com PAF e à ordem dos padrões alimentares, especialmente aqueles derivados com cargas de menor magnitude. Essas diferenças, entretanto, parecem não impactar na interpretabilidade dos padrões alimentares nessa população.

Correspondence analysis: a method for classifying similar patterns of violence against women.

Violence against women has received relatively little debate in society. It includes physical, psychological, and sexual abuse that jeopardizes the victim's health. Multivariate correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were applied to crimes reported to the Integrated Women's Aid Center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to investigate associations between injury and define criteria for classifying the aggressions. Three groups of abuse were identified, differing according to the nature (physical, psychological, or sexual) and severity of the crimes. Less serious crimes consisted of threats and moderate physical injuries. The intermediate severity group included serious physical assault and threats. More serious crimes included death threats, rape, and sexual assault. The method thus allowed classification of the crimes in three groups according to severity.

Resilience profile of patients with chronic pain. / Perfil de resiliência em pacientes com dor crônica.

The aim of this study was to identify resilience profiles of patients with chronic pain. Using latent class analysis in a sample of 414 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, three profiles were identified: primary resilience (40%), consisting of individuals 40 years or younger with high education, who seek medical care, are not working, and without symptoms of psychological stress; secondary resilience (30%), consisting of women over 54 years of age with low schooling, who seek medical care, are not working, and with low likelihood of symptoms of psychological stress; tertiary resilience (29%), women with medium schooling, 40 to 54 years old, working, who do not seek medical care, and with a high likelihood of symptoms of psychological stress. The three profiles display different paths of resilience in chronic pain that are relevant to clinical practice, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care for patients with chronic pain.

Factors associated with disease-specific survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE:: Lung cancer is a global public health problem and is associated with high mortality. Lung cancer could be largely avoided by reducing the prevalence of smoking. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of social, behavioral, and clinical factors on the survival time of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated at Cancer Hospital I of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2000 and 2003. METHODS:: This was a retrospective hospital cohort study involving 1,194 patients. The 60-month disease-specific survival probabilities were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method for three stage groups. The importance of the studied factors was assessed with a hierarchical theoretical model after adjustment by Cox multiple regression. RESULTS:: The estimated 60-month specific-disease lethality rate was 86.0%. The 60-month disease-specific survival probability ranged from 25.0% (stages I/II) to 2.5% (stage IV). The performance status, the intention to treat, and the initial treatment modality were the major prognostic factors identified in the study population. CONCLUSIONS:: In this cohort of patients, the disease-specific survival probabilities were extremely low. We identified no factors that could be modified after the diagnosis in order to improve survival. Primary prevention, such as reducing the prevalence of smoking, is still the best method to reduce the number of people who will suffer the consequences of lung cancer. OBJETIVO:: O câncer de pulmão é um problema de saúde pública global e é associado a elevada mortalidade. Ele poderia ser evitado em grande parte com a redução da prevalência do tabagismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de fatores sociais, comportamentais e clínicos sobre o tempo de sobrevida de pacientes com câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas atendidos, entre 2000 e 2003, no Hospital do Câncer I do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS:: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte hospitalar com 1.194 pacientes. As probabilidades de sobrevida doença-específica em 60 meses foram calculadas com o método de Kaplan-Meier para três grupos de estadiamento. A importância dos fatores estudados foi avaliada por um modelo teórico hierarquizado após o ajuste de modelos de regressão múltipla de Cox. RESULTADOS:: Foi estimada uma taxa de letalidade doença-específica em 60 meses de 86,0%. A probabilidade de sobrevida doença-específica em 60 meses variou de 25,0%, nos estádios iniciais, a 2,5%, no estádio IV. A situação funcional, a intenção e a modalidade do tratamento inicial foram os principais fatores prognósticos identificados na população estudada. CONCLUSÕES:: As probabilidades de sobrevida doença-específica estimadas na amostra estudada foram muito baixas, e não foram identificados fatores que pudessem ser modificados após o diagnóstico visando uma melhora da sobrevida. A prevenção primária, como a redução da prevalência do tabagismo, ainda é a melhor forma de evitar que mais pessoas sofram as consequências do câncer de pulmão.

Reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC): a pilot study.

The evaluation of the culture of patient safety in hospitals is nowadays considered as a management too, since it helps to identify problem areas and provide valuable information for planning improvements. This study explored the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, an instrument that evaluates characteristics of patient safety culture among hospital staff. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by analyzing the internal consistency of each dimension. The validity of the tool was carried out by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The sample was made up of 322 questionnaires that were collected in two Brazilian hospitals in 2012. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.52 to 0.91 for the different dimensions, with the exception of two, for which it was much lower. After excluding four items, the exploratory factor analysis presented adjusted indices that were appropriate for a 10 factor model.

[Factor structure validity of the social capital scale used at baseline in the ELSA-Brasil study]. / Validade da estrutura fatorial da escala de capital social utilizada na linha de base no ELSA-Brasil.

This study aims to analyze the factor structure of the Brazilian version of the Resource Generator (RG) scale, using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Health Study in Adults (ELSA-Brasil). Cross-validation was performed in three random subsamples. Exploratory factor analysis using exploratory structural equation models was conducted in the first two subsamples to diagnose the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the third to corroborate the model defined by the exploratory analyses. Based on the 31 initial items, the model with the best fit included 25 items distributed across three dimensions. They all presented satisfactory convergent validity (values greater than 0.50 for the extracted variance) and precision (values greater than 0.70 for compound reliability). All factor correlations were below 0.85, indicating full discriminative factor validity. The RG scale presents acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in populations with similar characteristics.

[Predictive model for cocaine use in prisons in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Modelo preditivo do uso de cocaína em prisões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of and groups vulnerable to cocaine use in prison. METHODS: We selected 376 inmates with history of cocaine use in prison (cases) and 938 inmates with no history of drug use (controls) serving sentences in the Rio de Janeiro State prison system in 1998. The analysis included exposure variables divided into three hierarchical levels: distal, intermediate, and proximal. We performed bivariate analysis using logistic regression and multivariate analysis using hierarchized regression; results are given in odds ratios. RESULTS: Variables associated with cocaine use in prison in the proximal level were use of alcohol and marijuana and duration of imprisonment in years. The effect of social vulnerability variables (distal level) was intermediated by variables in the next levels. Considering only the distal and intermediate levels, use of marijuana prior to imprisonment (OR=4.50; 95% CI: 3.17-6.41) and offence in order to obtain drugs (OR=2.96; 95% CI: 1.79-4.90) showed the strongest association with the outcome. For every additional year spent in prison, the odds of cocaine use increase by 13% (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the distal and intermediate levels, use of marijuana prior to imprisonment and perpetration of offence in order to obtain drugs were the variables with greatest predictive value. The final model showed alcohol and marijuana use in prison and duration of imprisonment as important predictors of the outcome. The prison environment appears as a factor stimulating drug use.

Dietary patterns in a nursing team measured by principal component analysis / Patrones dietéticos medidos por análisis de componentes principales en un equipo de enfermeira / Padrões alimentares medidos por análise de componentes principais em equipe de enfermagem

Abstract Objective: To characterize the dietary pattern of nursing professionals at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Method: A sectional study with nursing professionals (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants). Two 24-hour food recall records were applied, totaling 459 foods, being reduced to 24 food groups. Food patterns were identified using the Principal Component Analysis technique, followed by orthogonal varimax rotation. A Scree Plot graph indicated three factors to be extracted and loads > +0.30 were adopted to define dietary patterns. Results: A total of 309 professionals participated. The sample consisted of 85.8% of female individuals. The patterns were named "traditional" which included rice (0.747), beans (0.702) and meat (0.713); "healthy": vegetables (0.444), greens (0.450), fruits (0.459), bananas and oranges (0.379), and "snacks": sugar (0.661), bread (0.471), cakes and cookies (0.334), non-alcoholic drinks (0.727). Conclusion: The results highlight the "traditional" food pattern of Brazilian food consumption based on the combination of rice, beans and meat. Future studies may investigate the effect of dietary patterns on health outcomes among nursing workers.

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de alimentación de los profesionales de la enfermería en un hospital público de Río de Janeiro. Método: Estudio seccional, con profesionales de la enfermería (enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería). Se aplicaron dos retiros de alimentos de 24 horas, totalizando 459 alimentos, que se redujeron a 24 grupos de alimentos. Los patrones de alimentación se identificaron con la técnica de Análisis de Componentes Principales, seguida de la rotación ortogonal varimax. El gráfico de sedimentación (Scree Plot) indicó tres factores a extraer y se adoptaron cargas > +0,30 para definir los patrones de alimentación. Resultados: 309 profesionales participaron. La muestra comprendía el 85,8% de individuos femeninos. Las normas se denominaron "tradicionales", que incluían arroz (0,747), frijoles (0,702) y carne (0,713); "saludables": verduras (0,444), hortalizas (0,450), frutas (0,459), plátano y naranja (0,379), y "aperitivos": azúcar (0,661), pan (0,471), pasteles y galletas (0,334), bebidas no alcohólicas (0,727). Conclusión: Los resultados resaltan el patrón "tradicional" de consumo de comida brasileña basado en la combinación de arroz, frijoles y carne. Es posible que en estudios futuros se investigue el efecto de las pautas de alimentación en los resultados de salud de los trabajadores de enfermería.

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar o padrão alimentar dos profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Estudo seccional, com profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem). Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas foram aplicados, totalizando 459 alimentos, sendo reduzidos a 24 grupos alimentares. Identificaram-se os padrões alimentares com a técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais, seguida da rotação ortogonal varimax. O gráfico Scree Plot indicou três fatores a serem extraídos e cargas > + 0,30 foram adotadas para definição dos padrões alimentares. Resultados: Participaram 309 profissionais. A amostra foi composta por 85,8% dos indivíduos do sexo feminino. Os padrões foram nomeados de "tradicional" que incluiu arroz (0,747), feijão (0,702) e carnes (0,713); "saudável": legumes (0,444), hortaliças (0,450), frutas (0,459), banana e laranja (0,379), e "lanche": açúcar (0,661), pão (0,471), bolos e biscoitos (0,334), bebida não alcoólica (0,727). Conclusão: Os resultados destacam o padrão alimentar "tradicional" de consumo de alimentos brasileiros baseado na combinação arroz, feijão e carnes. Estudos futuros poderão investigar o efeito dos padrões alimentares sobre desfechos de saúde entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem.

[Association of the DMFT index with socioeconomic and dental services indicators in the state of Paraná, Brazil]. / Associação do índice CPO-D com indicadores sócio-econômicos e de provisão de serviços odontológicos no Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

This ecological study investigated the associations between dental caries, socioeconomic indicators, and the supply of dental services in the State of Paraná, Brazil, for the year 1996. Two types of information were collected: (1) data on caries prevalence (DMFT at 12 years) for the municipalities (or counties) in the State; (2) data on socioeconomic conditions and the supply of dental services. Based on simple linear regression analysis, the study demonstrated a significant correlation between the caries index in municipalities and various social and dental services supply indicators. Results of the analysis of multiple linear regression showed that one indicator of income inequality remained significantly associated with dental caries, demonstrating that the worst oral health conditions cannot be dissociated from income disparities. A significant negative correlation was observed between DMFT and the proportion of the population that received fluoridated water, principally in the municipalities with the worst income inequality indicators. This highlights the importance of fluoridation for the reduction of caries rates, as well as to attenuate the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on the prevalence of dental caries.

Prevalence of obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity and its association with physical activity in a federal university.

A cross sectional study to investigate the prevalence of obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity and its association with the level of physical activity (PA) measured in employees of a Rio de Janeiro University according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).299 employees selected by random sampling were interviewed. The association between PA and anthropometric markers was estimated by Poisson models (robust variance). The prevalence of obesity was 27.4% (men 22.8% and 36.3% women), the prevalence of overweight was 63.5% (men 65.0% and women 65.8%) and the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 45.2% (men 35.5% and 63.7% women). Women reported a higher prevalence of low PA (42.2%) compared to men (33.0%). The models adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral variables and habits related to health, showed a significant association between PA and the outcomes analyzed. The low level of practice of PA (high level reference) has remained associated with the occurrence of obesity (PR = 1.89; 95%CI 1.05 - 3.42) and overweight (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.80). For the abdominal obesity, both the mid level (PR = 1.70; 95%CI 1.11 - 2.58) and the low level (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.14 - 2.66) were related. This study found inverse association between the practice of PA and obesity in line with what has been recommended by the WHO, and it reinforces the use of IPAQ in population studies. Specifically in relation to abdominal obesity, a remarkable gradient was not observed between levels of PA, suggesting that what is important is the high level of practice of PA.

Identificação de padrões alimentares: comparação das técnicas de análise de componentes principais e de principais eixos fatoriais / The identification of food patterns: a comparison of principal component and principal axis factoring techniques

RESUMO: Introdução: O padrão alimentar tem como base conceitual o fato de que os alimentos consumidos em conjunto são tão importantes quanto o consumo de alimentos ou nutrientes isoladamente. Objetivos: Identificar padrões alimentares em amostra de profissionais de enfermagem e explorar a diferença entre os padrões encontrados, utilizando para isso duas técnicas: componentes principais (CP) e principais eixos fatoriais (PAF). Método: O presente estudo foi baseado nos dados de 309 participantes de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, resultando em 24 grupos alimentares. Para identificar os padrões alimentares, foram aplicadas as técnicas CP e PAF, seguidas da rotação ortogonal Varimax. Resultados: O gráfico de Cattell indicou três fatores a serem extraídos. A comunalidade variou de 0,41 a 0,76, considerando cargas maiores do que 0,30 na composição do padrão. Os dois métodos identificaram padrões alimentares semelhantes, destacando o primeiro padrão, tradicional, nas duas técnicas. Os outros dois padrões foram nomeados de saudável e lanche, tendo posição inversa nas técnicas aplicadas. Conclusão: As diferenças observadas referem-se: ao número de grupos alimentares que entram na composição dos componentes e dos fatores; à magnitude das cargas menores com PAF e à ordem dos padrões alimentares, especialmente aqueles derivados com cargas de menor magnitude. Essas diferenças, entretanto, parecem não impactar na interpretabilidade dos padrões alimentares nessa população.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Dietary patterns are based on the concept that food consumed together or by itself is as important as food or nutrient intake. Objectives: To identify dietary patterns in a sample of nursing professionals and to explore the differences between the patterns found using two techniques: principal components (PC) and principal factorial axis (PAF). Method: The current report was based on data from 309 participants on a nursing team at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A 24-hour dietary recall was used, resulting in 24 food groups. To identify the dietary patterns, we applied a multivariate analysis, specifically the PC and the PAF, followed by a Varimax orthogonal rotation. Results: The Cattell graphic test indicated three factors to be extracted. The communality varied between 0.41 and 0.76. Higher loads than 0.30 were considered in the pattern composition. The two methods identified similar dietary patterns, called traditional patterns. The other two patterns were nominated as healthy and snacks, having inverted position of factors in the applied techniques. Conclusion: The observed differences refer to: the number of food groups that enter the composition of components and factors; the size of the smaller loads in the PAF and the order of the alimentary patterns, especially those derived from loads of a smaller magnitude. However, these differences do not seem to impact the interpretability of dietary patterns in this population.

Profile of patients with lung cancer assisted at the National Cancer Institute, according to their smoking status, from 2000 to 2007.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is directly related to the future incidence of lung cancer. In Brazil, a growing tendency in age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates was observed in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of patients with lung cancer diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute (INCA) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2000 and 2007 according to their smoking status. METHODS: An observational study was conducted using INCA's database of cancer cases. To assess whether the observed differences among the categories of sociodemographic variables, characterization of the tumor, and assistance - pertaining to smokers and non-smokers - were statistically significant, a chi-square test was applied. A multiple correspondence analysis was carried out to identify the main characteristics of smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: There was a prevalence of smokers (90.5% of 1131 patients included in the study). The first two dimensions of the multivariate analysis explained 72.8% of data variability. Four groups of patients were identified, namely smokers, non-smokers, small-cell tumors, and tumors in early stages. CONCLUSION: Smoking cessation must be stimulated in a disseminated manner in the population in order to avoid new cases of lung cancer. The Tumors in Initial Stages Group stood out with greater chances of cure.

[Test-retest reliability of the Work Ability Index (WAI) in nursing workers]. / Confiabilidade teste-reteste do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT) em trabalhadores de enfermagem.

This paper assesses the test retest reliability of the Work Ability Index (WAI) in nursing workers. A self-administered questionnaire was applied twice to a group of 80 workers (nurses and nursing aides/assistants) at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil within an interval from seven to fifteen days. The reliability was estimated using quadratic weighted kappa statistics, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland and Altman plot. Eighty-one percent of participants were women aged between from 22 to 67 years (mean =39.1; SD=10.8 years); 36.3% had completed higher education. The global score of the WAI presented ICC= 0.79 (IC95% 0.67 to 0.86) and weighted kappa=0.69 (CI95% 0.50 to 0.80) for categorical WAI (classified as low, moderate, good and excellent). The quadratic weighted kappa of the WAI items ranged from 0.39 to 0.82 and the Bland and Altman plot did not show a systematic pattern. The agreement between the test and retest measures shows an acceptable degree of reliability, suggesting the adequacy of the assessment process among nursing workers.

Adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize and estimate the frequency of adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in the population treated at the Centro de Saúde Escola Germano Sinval Faria, a primary health care clinic in Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro City, and to explore the relationship between adverse drug reactions and some of the patients' demographic and health characteristics. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted via patient record review of incident cases between 2004 and 2008. RESULTS: Of the 176 patients studied, 41.5% developed one or more adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs, totaling 126 occurrences. The rate of adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs was higher among women, patients aged 50 years or older, those with four or more comorbidities, and those who used five or more drugs. Of the total reactions, 71.4% were mild. The organ systems most affected were as follows: the gastrointestinal tract (29.4%), the skin and appendages (21.4%), and the central and peripheral nervous systems (14.3%). Of the patients who experienced adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs, 65.8% received no drug treatment for their adverse reactions, and 4.1% had one of the antituberculosis drugs suspended because of adverse reactions. "Probable reactions" (75%) predominated over "possible reactions" (24%). In the study sample, 64.3% of the reactions occurred during the first two months of treatment, and most (92.6%) of the reactions were ascribed to the combination of rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide (Regimen I). A high dropout rate from tuberculosis treatment (24.4%) was also observed. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a high rate of adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs.

Trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil from the 1980s into the early 21st century: age-period-cohort analysis.

The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil and identify the effects of the factors age, period and cohort (APC) on mortality rates. A time series study was conducted using secondary population-based data. Lung cancer mortality rates by sex were calculated for the period 1980 to 2007. APC models were adjusted to identify the influence of age, period and cohort effects on rates. Lung cancer mortality rates are significantly higher among men. Specific rates for men over the age of 64 and for women of all ages are increasing. There was a greater increase of adjusted rates among women. With respect to the age effect, mortality risk increases with age starting with the earliest age groups. With regard to the cohort effect, there is a lesser risk of mortality among men born after 1950 and an increasing risk across all cohorts among women. The results regarding younger generations indicate that present trends are likely to continue. The cohort effect among women suggests an increasing trend in mortality rates, whereas a decrease in rates among men under the age of 65 suggests that this trend will continue. These trends reflect tobacco control measures adopted since 1986.

Perfil de resiliência em pacientes com dor crônica / Perfil de resiliencia en pacientes con dolor crónico / Resilience profile of patients with chronic pain

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar perfis de resiliência em paciente com dor crônica. Utilizando a Análise de Classes Latentes, em uma amostra de 414 pacientes com dor crônica musculoesquelética, foram identificados três perfis: resiliência primária (40%), composto por indivíduos de até 40 anos, que têm alta escolaridade, buscam os cuidados médicos, não trabalham e não apresentam sintomas de estresse psicológico; resiliência secundária (30%), composto por mulheres com mais de 54 anos, que têm baixo nível de escolaridade, buscam cuidados médicos, não trabalham e apresentam baixa probabilidade de experimentar sintomas de estresse psicológico; resiliência terciária (29%), composto por mulheres com médio nível de escolaridade, idade entre 40 e 54 anos, que trabalham, não buscam cuidados médicos e têm alta probabilidade de experimentar sintomas de estresse psicológico. Os três perfis revelam caminhos distintos de resiliência na dor crônica com relevância para prática clínica, destacando a atuação multidisciplinar nos cuidados ao paciente com dor crônica.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar perfiles de resiliencia en pacientes con dolor crónico. Utilizando el análisis de clases latentes, en una muestra de 414 pacientes con dolor crónico musculoesquelético, fueron identificados tres perfiles: resiliencia primaria (40%), compuesto por individuos de hasta 40 años, que tienen una alta escolaridad, buscan cuidados médicos, no trabajan y no presentan síntomas de estrés psicológico; resiliencia secundaria (30%), compuesto por mujeres con más de 54 años, que tienen bajo nivel de escolaridad, buscan cuidados médicos, no trabajan y presentan baja probabilidad de experimentar síntomas de estrés psicológico; resiliencia terciaria (29%), compuesto por mujeres con medio nivel de escolaridad, edad entre 40 y 54 años, que trabajan, no buscan cuidados médicos y tienen una alta probabilidad de experimentar síntomas de estrés psicológico. Los tres perfiles revelan caminos distintos de resiliencia en el dolor crónico, con relevancia para la práctica clínica, destacando la actuación multidisciplinaria en los cuidados al paciente con dolor crónico.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify resilience profiles of patients with chronic pain. Using latent class analysis in a sample of 414 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, three profiles were identified: primary resilience (40%), consisting of individuals 40 years or younger with high education, who seek medical care, are not working, and without symptoms of psychological stress; secondary resilience (30%), consisting of women over 54 years of age with low schooling, who seek medical care, are not working, and with low likelihood of symptoms of psychological stress; tertiary resilience (29%), women with medium schooling, 40 to 54 years old, working, who do not seek medical care, and with a high likelihood of symptoms of psychological stress. The three profiles display different paths of resilience in chronic pain that are relevant to clinical practice, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care for patients with chronic pain.

Effects of long-term resistance training on blood pressure: a systematic review / Efeitos de longo prazo do treinamento resistido na pressão arterial: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Studies assessed the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure (BP); however, few studies have evaluated the effects of long-term resistance training on variations of this response. The aim of the study was to verify through a systematic review, the long-term effect of resistance training on BP. Searches were made on Medline through Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs databases. Overall, 751 articles were found, of which 22 were further analyzed. The analysis followed the PRISMA checklist (Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies) and was divided according to two resistance training models: traditional resistance training (TRT), resistance training alone; or combined resistance training (CRT), resistance training associated with aerobic exercise. Greater BP reductions occurred for CRT compared to TRT. However, further studies are needed to better explicit the resistance training variables (number of exercises, repetitions, number of sets, intervals, speed of execution and load intensity), in order to identify the best training model and improve the methodological quality of experiments in an attempt to reduce the risk of bias.

Resumo Estudos têm verificado os efeitos benéficos do exercício aeróbico na modificação da pressão arterial (PA), entretanto poucos estudos avaliaram os efeitos a longo prazo do treinamento resistido na variação desse desfecho. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar por meio de uma revisão sistemática a ação de longo prazo do treinamento resistido na PA. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases Medline via Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web Science e Lilacs. Foram encontrados 751 artigos dos quais 22 fizeram parte da análise. A análise seguiu o checklist PRISMA (Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies) e foi dividida em função da utilização de dois modelos para a aplicação do treinamento resistido: treinamento resistido tradicional (TRT), somente exercícios resistidos, e treinamento resistido combinado (TRC), exercícios resistidos mais exercícios aeróbicos. As maiores reduções na PA ocorreram quando da realização do treinamento resistido combinado em relação ao treinamento resistido tradicional. Entretanto, são necessários mais estudos para melhor explicitar as variáveis do treinamento resistido (número de exercícios, repetições, número de séries, intervalos, velocidade de execução e intensidade de carga), para que se possa identificar o melhor modelo de treinamento e aprimorar a qualidade metodológica dos experimentos na tentativa de diminuir os riscos de viés.

Factors associated with disease-specific survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer / Fatores associados à sobrevida doença-específica em pacientes com câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas

ABSTRACT Objective: Lung cancer is a global public health problem and is associated with high mortality. Lung cancer could be largely avoided by reducing the prevalence of smoking. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of social, behavioral, and clinical factors on the survival time of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated at Cancer Hospital I of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2000 and 2003. Methods: This was a retrospective hospital cohort study involving 1,194 patients. The 60-month disease-specific survival probabilities were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method for three stage groups. The importance of the studied factors was assessed with a hierarchical theoretical model after adjustment by Cox multiple regression. Results: The estimated 60-month specific-disease lethality rate was 86.0%. The 60-month disease-specific survival probability ranged from 25.0% (stages I/II) to 2.5% (stage IV). The performance status, the intention to treat, and the initial treatment modality were the major prognostic factors identified in the study population. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients, the disease-specific survival probabilities were extremely low. We identified no factors that could be modified after the diagnosis in order to improve survival. Primary prevention, such as reducing the prevalence of smoking, is still the best method to reduce the number of people who will suffer the consequences of lung cancer.

RESUMO Objetivo: O câncer de pulmão é um problema de saúde pública global e é associado a elevada mortalidade. Ele poderia ser evitado em grande parte com a redução da prevalência do tabagismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de fatores sociais, comportamentais e clínicos sobre o tempo de sobrevida de pacientes com câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas atendidos, entre 2000 e 2003, no Hospital do Câncer I do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte hospitalar com 1.194 pacientes. As probabilidades de sobrevida doença-específica em 60 meses foram calculadas com o método de Kaplan-Meier para três grupos de estadiamento. A importância dos fatores estudados foi avaliada por um modelo teórico hierarquizado após o ajuste de modelos de regressão múltipla de Cox. Resultados: Foi estimada uma taxa de letalidade doença-específica em 60 meses de 86,0%. A probabilidade de sobrevida doença-específica em 60 meses variou de 25,0%, nos estádios iniciais, a 2,5%, no estádio IV. A situação funcional, a intenção e a modalidade do tratamento inicial foram os principais fatores prognósticos identificados na população estudada. Conclusões: As probabilidades de sobrevida doença-específica estimadas na amostra estudada foram muito baixas, e não foram identificados fatores que pudessem ser modificados após o diagnóstico visando uma melhora da sobrevida. A prevenção primária, como a redução da prevalência do tabagismo, ainda é a melhor forma de evitar que mais pessoas sofram as consequências do câncer de pulmão.

Reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC): a pilot study / Confiabilidade e validade da versão brasileira da Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente em Hospitais (HSOPSC): um estudo piloto / Confiabilidad y validez de la versión brasileña de la Investigación sobre Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente en Hospitales (HSOPSC): un estudio piloto

Abstract: The evaluation of the culture of patient safety in hospitals is nowadays considered as a management too, since it helps to identify problem areas and provide valuable information for planning improvements. This study explored the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, an instrument that evaluates characteristics of patient safety culture among hospital staff. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by analyzing the internal consistency of each dimension. The validity of the tool was carried out by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The sample was made up of 322 questionnaires that were collected in two Brazilian hospitals in 2012. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.52 to 0.91 for the different dimensions, with the exception of two, for which it was much lower. After excluding four items, the exploratory factor analysis presented adjusted indices that were appropriate for a 10 factor model.

Resumo: A avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente no ambiente hospitalar é hoje considerada uma ferramenta de gestão, pois permite identificar áreas problemáticas e fornece informações valiosas para o planejamento de melhorias. Este estudo examinou a confiabilidade e a validade da versão brasileira da Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente em Hospitais (HSOPSC), instrumento que avalia características da cultura de segurança do paciente entre trabalhadores de hospitais. A confiabilidade do instrumento foi avaliada através da análise da consistência interna de suas dimensões. A validade de construto foi realizada por análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. A amostra foi composta por 322 questionários coletados em dois hospitais no Brasil, em 2012. Entre as dimensões, o alfa de Cronbach variou entre 0,52 a 0,91, exceto para duas dimensões em que ele foi muito baixo. Após exclusão de 4 itens, a Análise Fatorial Exploratória apresentou índices de ajuste apropriados a um modelo de 10 fatores.

Resumen: La evaluación de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en el ambiente hospitalario se considera hoy una herramienta de gestión, pues permite identificar áreas problemáticas y proporciona información valiosa para la planificación de mejoras. Este estudio examinó la confiabilidad y la validez de la versión brasileña de la Investigación sobre Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente en Hospitales (HSOPSC), instrumento que evalúa características de la cultura de seguridad del paciente entre trabajadores de hospitales. La confiabilidad del instrumento fue evaluada a través del análisis de la consistencia interna de sus dimensiones. La validez del constructo se realizó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 322 cuestionarios, recogidos en dos hospitales en Brasil, en 2012. Entre las dimensiones, el alfa de Cronbach varió entre 0,52 a 0,91, excepto para dos dimensiones en la que fue muy bajo. Tras la exclusión de 4 ítems, el análisis factorial exploratorio presentó índices de ajuste apropiados para un modelo de 10 factores.