Differential Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion on Behavior and Corticolimbic Plasticity in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Dysfunction of the corticolimbic system, particularly at the dendritic spine level, is a recognized core mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) in Sprague-Dawley rats induces both a schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotype and dendritic spine pathology (reduced total number and mature spines) in corticolimbic areas, which is mitigated by antipsychotics. However, there is limited information on the impact of rat strain on NVHL outcomes and antipsychotic effects. We compared the behavioral performance in the open field, novel object recognition (NORT), and social interaction tests, as well as structural neuroplasticity with the Golgi-Cox stain in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) male rats with and without NVHL. Additionally, we explored the effect of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RISP). WKY rats with NVHL displayed motor hyperactivity without impairments in memory and social behavior, accompanied by dendritic spine pathology in the neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3 and basolateral amygdala. RISP treatment reduced motor activity and had subtle and selective effects on the neuroplasticity alterations. In SH rats, NVHL increased the time spent in the border area during the open field test, impaired the short-term performance in NORT, and reduced social interaction time, deficits that were corrected after RISP administration. The NVHL caused dendritic spine pathology in the PFC layers 3 and 5 of SH rats, which RISP treatment ameliorated. Our results support the utility of the NVHL model for exploring neuroplasticity mechanisms in schizophrenia and understanding pharmacotherapy.

Epidemiological Situation of Monkeypox Transmission by Possible Sexual Contact: A Systematic Review.

Monkeypox (MPX), a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has re-emerged worldwide with numerous confirmed cases with person-to-person transmission through close contacts, including in sexual networks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological situation of monkeypox transmission by possible sexual contact. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 18 August 2022. The key search terms used were "monkeypox", "sexual contact", "sexual intercourse" and "sexual transmission". A total of 1291 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After eliminating duplicates (n = 738) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 28 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with a detailed description of clinical features, sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location and course of skin lesions, and treatment were included. A total of 4222 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 3876 monkeypox cases are the result of transmission by sexual contact distributed in twelve countries: 4152 cases were male with a mean age of 36 years. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise, and painful perianal and genital lesions. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, oral, trunk, upper and lower extremities. Patients were in good clinical condition, with treatment based on analgesics and antipyretics to relieve some symptoms of monkeypox. A high proportion of STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms were found, suggesting transmissibility through local inoculation during close skin-to-skin or mucosal contact during sexual activity. The highest risk of monkeypox transmission occurs in men who have sex with men, and MPXV DNA could be recovered in seminal fluid. It is essential to establish health policies for the early detection and management of patients with monkeypox.

Pathological Interactions Between Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptors and Corepressors and Their Modulation by a Thyroid Hormone Analogue with Therapeutic Potential.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are tightly regulated by the corepressors nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors. Three conserved corepressor/NR signature box motifs (CoRNR1-3) forming the nuclear receptor interaction domain have been identified in these corepressors. Whereas TRs regulate multiple normal physiological and developmental pathways, mutations in TRs can result in endocrine diseases and be associated with cancers due to impairment of corepressor release. Three mutants that are located in helix H11 of TRs are of special interest: TRα-M388I, a mutant associated with the development of renal clear cell carcinomas (RCCCs), and TRß-Δ430 and TRß-Δ432, two deletion mutants causing resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome. METHODS: Several cell-based and biophysical methods were used to measure the affinity between wild-type and mutant TRα and TRß and all the CoRNR motifs from corepressors to quantify the effects of different thyroid hormone analogues on these interactions. This study was coupled with the measurement of interactions between wild-type and mutant TRs in the context of a heterodimer with RXR to a NCoR fragment in the presence of the same ligands. Structural insights into the binding mode of corepressors to TRs were assessed in parallel by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: The study shows that TRs interact more avidly with the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors than with NCoR peptides, and that TRα binds most avidly to S-CoRNR3, whereas TRß binds preferentially to S-CoRNR2. In the studied TR mutants, a transfer of the CoRNR-specificity toward CoRNR1 was observed, coupled with a significant increase in the binding strength. In contrast to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the agonist TRIAC and the antagonist NH-3 were very efficient at dissociating the abnormally strong interactions between mutant TRßs and corepressors. A strong impairment of T3-binding for TRß mutants was shown compared to TRIAC and NH-3 and could explain the different efficiencies of the different ligands in releasing corepressors from the studied TRß mutants. Consequently, TRIAC was found to be more effective than T3 in facilitating coactivator recruitment and decreasing the dominant activity of TRß-Δ430. CONCLUSION: This study helps to clarify the specific interaction surfaces involved in the pathologic phenotype of TR mutants and demonstrates that TRIAC is a potential therapeutic agent for patients suffering from resistance to thyroid hormone syndromes.

A cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest rat model for the investigation of the systemic inflammation response and induced organ damage.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a commonly used technique in cardiac surgery. CPB is however associated with a strong induction of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) which in conjunction with ischemia and reperfusion may lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of the study was to establish and characterize a CPB rat model incorporating deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with a specific focus on the extent of the inflammatory reactions and organ damage as a groundwork for novel therapeutics against SIRS and I/R induced organ injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 6) were cannulated for CPB, connected to a heart-lung-machine (HLM) and cooled to a temperature of 16°C before they underwent 45 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with global ischaemia. Arrest was followed by rewarming and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Haemodynamic and vital parameters were recorded throughout the CPB procedure. Only animals displaying sinus rhythm throughout reperfusion were utilized for analysis. Rats were euthanized and tissue samples were harvested. Blood gas analysis was performed and blood samples were taken. Induction of organ damage was examined by analysis of protein levels and phosphorylation status of kinases and stress proteins. Results were compared to animals (n = 6) which did not undergo CPB. RESULTS: CPB induced leucocytosis and an increase of interleukin-6 and TNF-α plasma values indicating an inflammatory response. Markers of tissue damage and dysfunction, such as troponin T, creatinine and AST were elevated. Phosphorylation of STAT3 was induced in all examined organs. Activation of MAPK and induction of heat shock proteins occurred in an organ-specific manner with most pronounced effects in heart, lungs and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The presented CPB rat model shows the induction of SIRS and activation of specific signalling cascades. SIRS seems not to be provoked during DHCA and is elicited mainly during reperfusion. This model might be suitable to test the efficacy of therapeutics applied in major heart surgery with and without DHCA.

Gestión de riesgo para la prescripción de terapias biológicas / Risk management for prescribing biological therapies

(AU) El concepto de «riesgo en salud¼ es relativamente nuevo, surge en el lenguaje epidemiológico británico en los inicios del siglo xx y es definido por la OMS como la probabilidad de un resultado sanitario adverso, o la presencia de un factor que aumenta esa probabilidad. La gestión del riesgo se define, a su vez, como el proceso de identificar, analizar y cuantificar las probabilidades de pérdidas y efectos secundarios que se desprenden de los actos en salud, así como de las acciones preventivas, correctivas y reductivas correspondientes que deben emprenderse. La gestión del riesgo es un proceso gerencial estructurado que tiene por objetivo identificar los principales riesgos en salud de la población o del individuo. Los riesgos identificados son intervenidos mediante estrategias coordinadas que buscan disminuir su ocurrencia

Análisis histológico del efecto regenerador de la infusión de Overo (Cordia lutea) en el hígado graso de ratas consumiendo alcohol crónicamente. Lambayeque, mayo 2013 - julio 2014 / Histological analysis of the regenerative effect of the Overo infusion (Cordia lutea) in the fatty liver of rats consuming alcohol chronically. Lambayeque, May 2013 - July 2014

El consumo de alcohol provoca la enfermedad alcohólica hepática la cual engloba a una serie de patologías iniciando con una infiltración grasa, posterior inflamación hepática, fibrosis, cinosis y eventual carcinoma hepatocelular. La prevalencia de estos cambios genera gastos en el sistema salud y malestar en el paciente. Se estudió la histología de la regeneración hepática de ratas que consumieron alcohol crónicamente tratadas con infusión de flor de overo (Cordia lutea). Ratas (Rattus norvegicus, cepa Sprague-Dawley) (n=18), pesando 192.6 +- 26.74g fueron divididas en tres grupos (n=06) y tratadas durante 120 días: Grupo I, consumió agua ad libitum; Grupo II, consumió alcohol 4% v/v; Grupo m, consumió alcohol 4% v/v y 21 días de infusión de flor de overo. Los hígados fueron pe:rfundidos, fijados y cortes teñidos con eosinahematoxilina. El consumo medio de alcohol de los grupos ll y llI fue estadísticamente similar (p>0.05), media global = 3.14 +- 0.44 g/kg/día. La degeneración hepática grasa fue estadísticamente mayor (p<0.05) en el grupo ll que en los grupos I y llI donde esta fue similar (p>0.05). El consumo medio de flor de overo fue 222.14 +- 20.4 mg/kg/día. El consumo de infusión de flor de overo regeneró el hígado graso de ratas que consumieron alcohol crónicamente.

Trauma renal, a propósito de un caso / Renal trauma, case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad con antecedente de trauma renal grado IV, a la que tubo que realizarse nefrectomía. La conducta quirúrgica se determino por los hallazgos de exámenes complementarios como la urografía endovenosa. Actualmente se considera que el tratamiento conservador es una opción en la mayoría de los paciente con trauma renal, existiendo pocas indicaciones para una conducta quirúrgica en este tipo de pacientes. Es de vital importancia la adecuada interpretación de los exámenes complementarios para determinar una conducta. Se aprovecha el caso clínico para realizar una revisión de la literatura.

The case of a patient of 9 years of age with antecedent of renal trauma appears degree IV, to which to be made nefrectomy. The conduct I determine myself by the complementary findings of examines like urografhy. At the moment it is considered that the preservative treatment is an option in mayor of the patient with renal trauma, existing few indications for a quirurgica conduct in this type of patients. It is of vital importance the suitable interpretation of examination complementary to determine a conduct.

Herniación solitaria del apéndice cecal a través de un onfalocele / Cecal appendix herniation through on omphalocele

Se presenta un recién nacido con una forma inusual de herniación solitaria del apéndice cecal a través de un onfalocele.El paciente toleró satisfactoriamente la cirugía reparadora que consitió en apendicectomía y cierre primario del defecto

La mujer, el delito y la enfermedad mental en la Provincia de Buenos Aires / The woman, the delict and mental disorders in the province of Buenos Aires

Investigación clínica realizada con la finalidad de tipificar alguna de las características más notables de la delincuencia femenina en enfermas mentales en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Gabinete Psiquiátrico Forense). La experiencia abarcó un lapso de 20 años. Con el objeto de crear un marco referencial se efectuaron consideraciones previas sobre la delincuencia femenina en general y en enfermas mentales. En el desarrollo de la investigación se plantearon dos acciones simultáneas; la primera: análisis comparativo entre delincuencia masculina y femenina en enfermos mentales; la segunda acción estuvo concretamente dirigida a tipificar las características más salientes de la mujer delincuente alienada, comparada con la mujer delincuente no alienada, a través de las siguientes variantes: cantidad; delito; edad, escolaridad, maternidad y reincidencia. Se extraen las conclusiones pertinentes