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BACKGROUND: The prostatic effects induced by arterial hypertension is very controversial and its mechanism is unclear. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise considered to be hypotensive. The objective of this work was to investigate the molecular, biochemical, and morphological effects of 8 weeks of HIIT in the prostatic tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Twenty male SHR rats, 51.4 weeks old, were used. The SHR animals were divided into two groups: spontaneously sedentary hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive submitted to HIIT. We analyze androgens receptor and glucocorticoid receptors in the prostate. Still, we verify effects of the hypertension and HIIT on the physiopathology prostatic, for immunohistochemistry investigated BCL-2, BAX, IGF-1, FAS/CD95, data's inflammatory tumour necrosis factor α, nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin (IL)-6, anti-inflammatory IL-10. The echocardiographic evaluation was performed at the baseline and after the training period. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension promote high prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia incidence in the prostate, increases IGF-1, BCL-2 (p < 0.05), and inflammatory proteins (p < 0.05). Eight weeks of HIIT training reduced the arterial pressure and increase the concentration of tissue collagen and intracellular glycogen and showed a higher expression of BAX, FAS/CD95, and IL-10 proteins (p < 0.05), coinciding with a lower incidence of lesions and lower prostate weight (p < 0.05) and reduction of the BCL-2 and IGF-1. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that arterial hypertension suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostatic. On other hand, HIIT promotes morphology and function improves in the prostatic environment, inhibited inflammation, and increased apoptosis.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Hipertensão , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Próstata , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Ratos Endogâmicos SHRRESUMO
The high-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and develops inflammation, causing dysregulation of energy metabolism and prostatic neoplastic tissue changes. PPARÉ deletion leads to loss of homeostasis between the pro and anti-inflammatory response, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism, causing changes in different physiological processes and damage to the prostate. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological tool to improve energy metabolism and cellular metabolism in the prostate, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. the current study aimed to evaluate PPARα as a possible regulator of the protective effects of aerobic physical exercise in the prostate by examining prostatic alterations in wild-type and PPARα deletion mice fed a standard diet or an HFD. Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were fed a standard or HFD diet for 12 weeks, and submitted to aerobic physical exercise for 8 weeks. The HFD promoted the increase of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB, and an increase of inflammatory foci in animals in both genotypes. Although the PPARα deletion animals submitted to the aerobic physical exercise were not able to regulate response pro-inflammatory, but promoted an increase in IL-10 in the prostate. In animals WT, the aerobic physical exercise, reduced all inflammatory markers, improve the inflammatory response, and showed a higher expression of BAX and IL-10 proteins was protective against prostatic tissue lesions. Suggested that PPARα deletion associated with HFD suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostate. On other hand, aerobic physical exercise improves prostatic tissue by increasing the response to anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protein.
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Apoptose , Dieta Hiperlipídica , PPAR alfa , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Próstata , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-10 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , PPAR alfa/genética , Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
Alcoholic injury can alter the hormonal signaling pathway and lead to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the strength training could exert protective effects against the alterations caused by ethanol consumption on prostatic metabolism. A UChB, ethanol-preferring rats were used in this study. Strength training was conducted for 3 days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a strength training protocol. The reduced alcohol consumption by strength training was accompanied by increased glucose, serum lipid profile, total protein levels, and reduced hormonal levels. The results of protein expression of prostatic tissues in the ethanol- and strength training-treated groups indicated that "steroidal hormone receptors," "fatty acid translocation," and "cell regulation" were significantly different between ethanol- and strength training-treated groups. Taken together, these findings show that strength training effectively ameliorated prostatic injuries in alcoholic rats at least partially by acting on lipids receptors and steroidal hormone receptors pathway, suggesting the strength training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate injuries caused by ethanol.
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Próstata/lesões , Treinamento Resistido , Animais , Apoptose , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Inflamação/patologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Ratos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Esteroides/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Altered lipid metabolism is an important characteristic of neoplastic cells, with androgens and growth factors being major regulatory agents of the lipid metabolism process. We investigated the effect of physical resistance training on lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the adult Wistar rat prostate. METHODS: Two experimental groups represented sedentary and physical resistance training. Three days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a physical resistance exercise protocol. Two days after the last training session, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and prostate analysis. RESULTS: Physical exercise improved feeding efficiency, decreased weight gain, regulated the serum-lipid profile, and modulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and free testosterone concentration. Furthermore, upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and reduced lysosome membrane protein (LIMPII) expression were also observed in the blood and prostates of trained rats. Consistent with these results, caspase-3 expression was upregulating and the BCL-2/Bax index ratio was decreased in trained rats relative to sedentary animals. CONCLUSIONS: In this work, physical resistance training can alter lipid metabolism and increase markers of apoptosis in the prostate, suggesting physical resistance training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate cancer.
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Apoptose/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Animais , Western Blotting , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aging increases the prevalence of prostate cancer. The circadian clock coordinates metabolism, cell cycle, and tumor suppressor p53. Although physical exercise has several effects on preventing prostate diseases, its effect on regulating genes and proteins of the circadian rhythm of the prostate needs to be better evaluated. The present study verified expression of REV-ERBα (Nr1d1), Bmal1, apoptosis, tumor suppressors, energetic metabolism markers, and androgen receptors in the prostatic microenvironment in 18-month-old mice submitted to combined physical training. METHODS: C57BL/6 J mice were divided into 2 groups: 6 months-old (n = 10) and 18 months-old, (n = 20). The 18-month-old animals were divided into 2 subgroups: sedentary (n = 10, 18 m Sed) and submitted to combined physical training (n = 10, 18 m TR). Combined physical training protocol was performed by running on the treadmill (40-60 % of incremental load test) and climbing strength training (40-50 % of maximum repetition test), consisting of 5×/week (3 days aerobic and 2 days strength) for 3 weeks. The prostate was prepared for Western blot and RT-qPCR analysis, and the plasm was prepared for the biochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Combined physical exercise during aging led to increased levels of Bmal1 and decreased levels of REV-ERBα in the prostate. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α proteins and an increase in the PI3K/AKT and p53/PTEN/caspase 3 pathways, promoting apoptotic potential. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that strength and aerobic physical exercise may be preventive in the development of preneoplastic molecular alterations and age-related features by re-synchronizes Bmal1 and REV-ERBα in prostatic tissues.
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Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL , Envelhecimento , Apoptose , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Membro 1 do Grupo D da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Próstata , Masculino , Animais , Membro 1 do Grupo D da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Membro 1 do Grupo D da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/genética , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/genética , Camundongos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Regulação para Cima , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologiaRESUMO
The abusive use of anabolic androgenic steroids has become a serious health problem worldwide, but its effects on oral health are still poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone cypionate (TC) on salivary biochemical, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and redox state parameters of parotid and submandibular glands. Twenty male Wistar rats, 12 weeks old, were divided into two groups (n=10/group): a control group and TC group, which received a dose of 20â¯mg/kg, once a week, for 6 weeks. Post treatment, the saliva and glands were collected. A supraphysiological dose of TC increased plasma and salivary testosterone concentrations. Although TC did not alter salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity, the treatment increased the salivary secretion of total protein and reduced amylase, calcium, phosphate, and potassium. TC reduced the connective tissue area in the parotid gland and acinar area of the submandibular gland, while increasing the granular convoluted tubule area in the submandibular gland. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was higher in the acinar cells of the submandibular glands from the TC group. Moreover, TC increased concentrations of total oxidant capacity and damaged lipids in both salivary glands, while total antioxidant activity and uric acid were lower in the submandibular gland, and reduced glutathione was higher in both glands. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were higher in the parotid gland, while only glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the submandibular gland of the TC group. In conclusion, TC abuse may be a potential factor for dysfunction of the parotid and submandibular glands, becoming a risk factor for the oral and systemic health of users.
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The variability in response to conventional prostate cancer (PC) therapies, coupled with the emergent issue of drug resistance, underscores the critical need for innovative treatment strategies. Aerobic physical exercise reduced incidence of several cancers, but the mechanism underlying these effects associated the nanoemulsion not fully understood. The application of a lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) delivery system for docetaxel (DTX), showing marked enhancement in therapeutic efficacy when combined with aerobic physical exercise. This novel intervention potentiates the antitumor activity of LDE-delivered DTX by augmenting nanoparticle internalization and inducing cell cycle arrest. Our findings reveal that this synergistic treatment not only significantly reduces prostate weight and mitigates adenocarcinoma proliferation but also attenuates anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein expression. Concurrently, it elevates pro-apoptotic proteins and diminishes inflammatory markers. Metabolic profiling of the combined therapy group disclosed additional benefits, such as reduced lipid and plasma glucose levels. Collectively, our data illuminate the profound impact of integrating LDE-mediated DTX delivery with structured physical exercise, which together spearhead a dual-front assault on PC. This multimodal approach heralds a new paradigm in PC management, accentuating the promise of combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to elevate tumor suppressor protein activity and refine patient outcomes.
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Docetaxel , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Docetaxel/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Humanos , Animais , Emulsões , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Lipídeos/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Exercício Físico , Nanopartículas/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico AnimalRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and arterial hypertension (AH) accounts for 13.8% of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Strength training interventions could be an important alternative tool for blood pressure control, however, consistent evidence and the most effective training protocol for this purpose are yet to be established. The current study used the Cochrane methodology to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of strength training on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization databases. This review included controlled trials that evaluated the effect of strength training for 8 weeks or more in adults with arterial hypertension, published up to December 2020. Data are described and reported as the weighted mean difference of systolic and diastolic pressure and a 95% confidence interval. Protocol registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020151269. A total of 14 studies were identified, including a combined total of 253 participants with hypertension. The meta-analysis showed that mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased significantly after strength training interventions. The strongest effect of strength training on decreasing blood pressure was observed in protocols with a moderate to vigorous load intensity (> 60% of one-repetition maximum-1RM), a frequency of at least 2 times per week, and a minimum duration of 8 weeks. We concluded that strength training interventions can be used as a non-drug treatment for arterial hypertension, as they promote significant decreases in blood pressure.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Treinamento Resistido , Adulto , Humanos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologiaRESUMO
Exercise is recognized for its potential role in reducing the risk of certain cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this risk reduction are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that aerobic physical exercise induces cancer attenuating effects through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. To test this hypothesis, twenty male Sprague Dawley rats with chemically induced prostate tumors were divided into two groups: Prostate cancer (PC) in the absence and presence of exercise (PC + Ex). Rats in the PC + Ex group performed exercises on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week, at an intensity of 60 % of maximum capacity. Weight and feed efficiency, Ki-67, apoptosis, prostatic inflammation, and markers of oxidative stress were analyzed. We found that aerobic physical exercise significantly decreased prostate cell proliferation (p < 0.05) across modulation, tumor size, and prostate weight. The PC + Ex group also significantly reduced anti-apoptosis protein expression (p < 0.05) and increased pro-apoptotic protein expression. Furthermore, physical exercise increased enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the prostate, plasma, and whole blood. Moreover, PC + Ex reduced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels (p < 0.05). In the prostate, there was an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB) after 8 weeks of physical exercise. In conclusion, we found that aerobic physical exercise is a functional, beneficial, and applicable approach to control PC progression, because it modifies the systemic environment, including the regulation of glucose and circulating lipids. This modification of the cancer cells environment has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that attenuate tumor growth.
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Arterial hypertension promotes urological complications by modifying the functional capacity of the urinary bladder. On the other hand, physical exercise has been suggested as a nonpharmacological tool to improve blood pressure regulation. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its action on the urinary bladder is little discussed. In the present study, we verified the effect of HIIT on the modulation of the redox state, morphology, and inflammatory and apoptotic processes of the urinary bladder of hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into two groups: SHR sedentary and SHR submitted to HIIT. Arterial hypertension promoted an increase in the plasma redox state, modified the volume of the urinary bladder, and increased collagen deposition in detrusor muscle. It was also possible to identify, in the sedentary SHR group, an increase in inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the urinary bladder, as well as a reduction in BAX expression. However, in the HIIT group, reduced blood pressure levels were observed, together with an improvement in morphology, such as a decrease in collagen deposition. HIIT also regulated the proinflammatory response, promoting increases in IL-10 and BAX expressions and in the number of plasma antioxidant enzymes. The present work highlights the intracellular pathways involved with the oxidative and inflammatory capacity of the urinary bladder and the potential effect of HIIT on the regulation of the urothelium and detrusor muscle of hypertensive rats.
Assuntos
Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Hipertensão , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Ratos , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2 , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/terapia , Ratos Endogâmicos SHRRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) on salivary glands in male rat using biochemical, functional, histomorphometric, and redox state parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 8 per group): Control (0.9% saline solution), VPA100 (100 mg/kg), and VPA400 (400 mg/kg). After 21 consecutive days of treatment with by intragastric gavage. Pilocarpine-induced saliva was collected to determine salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and biochemical composition. Analyses of histomorphometric parameters and redox balance markers were performed on the parotid and submandibular glands. RESULTS: Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total protein, potassium, sodium, and chloride were similar between groups. However, phosphate and calcium were reduced in VPA400, while amylase was increased in both VPA100 and VPA400. We did not detect significant differences in the areas of acini, ducts, and connective tissue in the salivary glands between the groups. There were no significant changes in the redox status of the submandibular glands. In turn, in the parotid glands we detected reduced total oxidizing capacity and lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and higher uric acid concentration in both the VPA100 and VPA400 groups, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the VPA400 group. CONCLUSION: Chronic treatment with VPA modified the salivary biochemical composition and caused disruption in the redox state of the parotid gland in rats.
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Anticonvulsivantes , Ácido Valproico , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Ácido Valproico/análise , Ácido Valproico/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Glândula Parótida/metabolismo , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Levetiracetam (LEV) is an anticonvulsant for epilepsy. The toxic effects of this medication in tissues have been associated with redox state imbalance, which can lead to salivary gland dysfunction. Therefore, the current work investigated the effects of LEV on the biochemical, functional, and redox parameters of the parotid and submandibular glands in rats. For this, male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10/group): Control (0.9% saline solution), LEV100 (100 mg/kg), and LEV300 (300 mg/kg). After 21 consecutive days of intragastric gavage treatments, pilocarpine stimulated saliva secretion was collected for salivary biochemical analysis. The extracted salivary glands were utilized for histomorphometry and redox state analyses. Our results showed that LEV300 increased plasma hepatotoxicity markers and reduced salivary amylase activity and the acinar surface area of the parotid gland. Total oxidant capacity and oxidative damage to lipids and proteins were higher in the parotid gland, while total antioxidant capacity and uric acid levels were reduced in the submandibular gland of the LEV100 group compared to Control. On the other hand, total oxidant capacity, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, total antioxidant capacity, and uric acid levels were lower in both salivary glands of the LEV300 group compared to Control. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in the salivary glands of treated animals compared to Control. In conclusion our data suggest that treatment with LEV represents a potentially toxic agent, that contributes to drug-induced salivary gland dysfunction.
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Antioxidantes , Ácido Úrico , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Levetiracetam/toxicidade , Levetiracetam/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/farmacologia , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Proteínas/metabolismo , Oxidantes/metabolismo , LipídeosRESUMO
High-fat diet consumption causes hypothalamic inflammation, dysregulating the leptin pathway, which, in turn, compromises the modulation of hypothalamic neuronal activities and predisposes obesity development. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (ET) have been demonstrated as efficient interventions to modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, no studies have evaluated whether combining these interventions could induce better results in reestablishing hypothalamic homeostasis disrupted by high-fat diet intake. The 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 2 groups: sedentary mice fed a standard diet (CT), and sedentary mice fed a high-fat diet (HF). After 8 weeks of an HF diet, part of the HF group (now 16 weeks old) was randomly subjected to different interventions for 6 weeks: HF-IF = HF diet mice submitted to IF; HF-T = HF diet mice submitted to ET; HF-IFT = HF diet mice submitted to IF and ET. All interventions decreased the body weight gain induced by high-fat diet intake, associated with reduced calorie consumption in week 14. Only the HF-IFT group presented improved serum insulin, leptin, resistin, and Tnf-alpha levels concomitantly with decreased hypothalamic inflammation. The HF-IFT group also demonstrated increased Pomc mRNA expression associated with enhanced pSTAT3 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Our data indicate that the beneficial effects of the combination of IF and ET on energy homeostasis are associated with increased leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, which is likely due to an improvement in hypothalamic inflammatory pathways in these nuclei.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Leptina , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Jejum Intermitente , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismoRESUMO
Maternal separation (SM) is an event caused by early stress and may be associated with behavioral changes and vulnerabilities, enhancing ethanol consumption in adulthood. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether MS potentiates the effects of ethanol ingestion on physiological hormone regulation and its interference in testicular and epididymal morphofunctional aspects in voluntary ethanol-consuming rats. Therefore, for the first time, we investigated the effect of maternal separation and ethanol consumption in adulthood and for this we used free choice ethanol-consuming strains. Responses of metabolic and hormonal parameters were also addressed, as well as their effects on reproductive function. In summary, MS promoted an increase in voluntary ethanol consumption in UChA and UChB animals. There was an influence of MS on the increase of circulating corticosterone and testosterone in UChB animals (high-ethanol-preferring 10 % v/v). MS performed in the hyporesponsive period to stress promoted an increase in glucose and circulating lipids, as well as a reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels. Daily sperm production and transit time through the epididymis in UChB animals were increased by MS. Together, these findings show that MS potentiates the effects of ethanol ingestion and promotes an imbalance in plasma hormone concentrations, interfering with the reproductive functional imbalance of ethanol-consuming rats.
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Privação Materna , Sêmen , Animais , Ratos , Masculino , Sêmen/metabolismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Etanol/farmacologia , Corticosterona , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common practice in implantology, and it is necessary to use membranes in this process. The present study aimed to evaluate the osteopromotive principle of two porcine collagen membranes in critical-size defects at rats calvaria. Ninety-six Albinus Wistar rats were divided into BG (positive control), JS, CS, and CG (negative control) groups and were sacrificed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The samples were assessed by histological, histometric, immunohistochemical, and microtomographic analyses. More intense inflammatory profile was seen in the JS and CS groups (p < 0.05). At 60 days, the JS group showed a satisfactory osteopromotive behavior compared to BG (p = 0.193), while CS did not demonstrate the capacity to promote bone formation. At the immunohistochemical analysis, the CS showed mild labeling for osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP), the JS demonstrated mild to moderate for OC and OP and the BG demonstrated moderate to intense for OC and OP. The tridimensional analysis found the lowest average for the total volume of newly formed bone in the CS (84,901 mm2), compared to the BG (319,834 mm2) (p < 0.05). We conclude that the different thicknesses and treatment techniques of each membrane may interfere with its biological behavior.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control RNA translation and are a class of small, tissue-specific, non-protein-coding RNAs that maintain cellular homeostasis through negative gene regulation. Maintenance of the physiological environment depends on the proper control of miRNA expression, as these molecules influence almost all genetic pathways, from the cell cycle checkpoint to cell proliferation and apoptosis, with a wide range of target genes. Dysregulation of the expression of miRNAs is correlated with several types of diseases, acting as regulators of cardiovascular functions, myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, hepatic lipogenesis, and important brain functions. miRNAs can be modulated by environmental factors or external stimuli, such as physical exercise, and can eventually induce specific and adjusted changes in the transcriptional response. Physical exercise is used as a preventive and non-pharmacological treatment for many diseases. It is well established that physical exercise promotes various benefits in the human body such as muscle hypertrophy, mental health improvement, cellular apoptosis, weight loss, and inhibition of cell proliferation. This review highlights the current knowledge on the main miRNAs altered by exercise in the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, bone, adipose tissue, liver, brain, and body fluids. In addition, knowing the modifications induced by miRNAs and relating them to the results of prescribed physical exercise with different protocols and intensities can serve as markers of physical adaptation to training and responses to the effects of physical exercise for some types of chronic diseases. This narrative review consists of randomized exercise training experiments with humans and/or animals, combined with analyses of miRNA modulation.
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MicroRNAs , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of dance practice on body composition, metabolic profile, functional fitness, and self-image/self-esteem in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 36 postmenopausal participants (mean age 57âyears) danced three times per week for 90 minutes each day and were evaluated before and after 16âweeks. The parameters evaluated were body composition (body fat and lean mass), blood lipids, functional fitness, self-image, and self-esteem. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test with P values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Lower triglycerides (baselineâ=â156.5â±â17.0âmg/dL; after 16-weeksâ=â131.5â±â12.9âmg/dL; Pâ<â0.01), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baselineâ=â55.4â±â15.9âmg/dL; after 16 weeksâ=â60.0â±â15.4âmg/dL; Pâ<â0.001), and higher total cholesterol (baselineâ=â199.5â±â26.8âmg/dL; after 16 weeksâ=â211.8â±â35.7âmg/dL; Pâ<â0.01) levels were observed in postmenopausal women. Dance intervention improved coordination (baselineâ=â8.6â±â2.6; after 16 weeksâ=â6.7â±â1.6; Pâ<â0.001), agility (baselineâ=â55.9â±â8.8; after 16 weeksâ=â64.1â±â8.3; Pâ<â0.001), and aerobic capability (baselineâ=â446.8â±â63.4; after 16 weeksâ=â377.4â±â53.8; Pâ<â0.001). Classification of general function fitness index (GFFI) was considered regular at baseline (GFFI of 200-299), but improved after 16âweeks of dance practice (GFFI of 300-399, Pâ<â0.001). CONCLUSION: The 16-week dance intervention was effective in improving not only the lipid profile and functional fitness of postmenopausal women, but also self-image and self-esteem.
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Dança , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aptidão Física , Pós-MenopausaRESUMO
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Próstata/metabolismo , Animais , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Obesidade/etiologia , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Redução de PesoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic herbicide in rat hearts. Exposure was through rat food that was nebulized with the herbicide. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were used. The diet was exposed to 2,4-D in two different doses (CG: control group 10 ml distilled water; LCG: low concentration group 3.71 × 10-3 g.ia/ha diluted in 10 ml saline at 0.9% and HCG: High concentration group 9.28 × 10-3 g.ia/ha diluted in 10 ml 0.9% saline). After 6 months of exposure, blood samples were collected for CKMB evaluation, and left ventricular fragments were analyzed by histological evaluation, fibrosis measurements, fractal dimension and immunohistochemistry (BAX, Bcl2, TNF-α and NF-kB). There were no significant changes in CK-MB concentration, histological parameters, fibrosis measurements and fractal dimension. Long-term oral consumption of food nebulized by the herbicide 2,4-D promoted an increase in BAX, Bcl-2/BAX, and cytoplasmic NF-kB in the nuclear area of the group that received the highest dose of the herbicide. This suggests that the herbicide induces cardiotoxicity.
Assuntos
Herbicidas , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Animais , Cardiotoxicidade , Coração , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Our aim is to evaluate the effects of high-fat diet and strength training on ventral prostate health through investigations of rat prostate histology, endocrine modulation, and the expression of proliferative and apoptotic marker, including androgen receptors (AR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas/CD95/Apo-1), and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB). Eighty Wistar rats were into one of four subgroups: control (CT), strength training (ST), high-fat diet consumption (HF), and high-fat diet consumption with strength training (HFT). Animals then underwent strength training and/or high-fat diet consumption for 8 or 12 weeks, after which animals were euthanized and markers of prostatic health were evaluated histologically and through immunolabeling. Our results indicate that physical strength training reduced the expression of the prostate cell proliferation marker Bcl-2 while increasing expression of the pro-apoptotic marker BAX, as well as increasing expression of AR and GR relevant in the Bcl-2 pathway. We conclude that a high-fat diet can alter hormone receptor levels and cell-cycle protein expression, thereby modifying prostatic homeostasis, and that strength training was able to reduce prostate damage induced by high-fat diet consumption.