Bouncing back from COVID-19: Individual and ecological factors influence national resilience in adults from Israel, the Philippines, and Brazil.

One way that countries may differ in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic is how they withstand extreme adversity while maintaining their societal values and institutions. This study explored national resilience in Israel, the Philippines, and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Crisis in Context Theory, cross-national understanding of national resilience was examined by assessing measurement models, exploring country differences in perceptions, and determining its predictors. Data from an internationally diverse sample of 1,587 adults were collected using multiple measures and subsequently subjected to various analytical strategies. Results on the factor structure of NR-13 demonstrated acceptable fit of both first-order and higher-order models for each country, with generally high factor loadings. However, measurement invariance was only supported at the configural level for the first-order model. Among the three countries, national resilience was highest in Israel, followed by the Philippines, and lowest in Brazil. Taken collectively, both individual and ecological variables contributed a significant variance in national resilience in each country. Community resilience, quality of life, and perceived threats were consistently strong predictors of national resilience across countries. Results are discussed. The Community and Social Impact Statement of the study can be found in the Supplementary Material section.

[The transnationalization of normal childbirth in Brazil: a study of the last five decades]. / A transnacionalização do parto normal no Brasil: um estudo das últimas cinco décadas.

In recent years, changes have taken place in Brazilian obstetrics in response to the distance between the national scenario and World Health Organization recommendations and the work of organized civil society. This indicates the need for the national and international contexts to be considered. As such, the aim here is to understand the influence of transnationalism on normal childbirth in Brazil. Documental research was conducted to trace out the development of obstetrics in the country. It was found that the historical trajectory of normal childbirth in Brazil has not necessarily been restricted to national borders, but has been influenced by transnational recommendations and standards, orienting the creation of new regulations.

Nos últimos anos têm ocorrido mudanças no sistema obstétrico brasileiro, em função da distância entre o cenário nacional e recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da atuação de movimentos sociais. Isso evidencia a necessidade de considerar tanto o contexto nacional como o internacional. A fim de compreender a influência da transnacionalização no parto normal no Brasil, conduziu-se uma pesquisa documental para rastrear a evolução do sistema obstétrico no país. Como resultado, observou-se que a trajetória histórica do parto normal não se restringiu às fronteiras nacionais, tendo padrões e recomendações transnacionais impactado localmente, direcionando a criação de novas regulamentações.

A transnacionalização do parto normal no Brasil: um estudo das últimas cinco décadas / The transnationalization of normal childbirth in Brazil: a study of the last five decades

Resumo Nos últimos anos têm ocorrido mudanças no sistema obstétrico brasileiro, em função da distância entre o cenário nacional e recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da atuação de movimentos sociais. Isso evidencia a necessidade de considerar tanto o contexto nacional como o internacional. A fim de compreender a influência da transnacionalização no parto normal no Brasil, conduziu-se uma pesquisa documental para rastrear a evolução do sistema obstétrico no país. Como resultado, observou-se que a trajetória histórica do parto normal não se restringiu às fronteiras nacionais, tendo padrões e recomendações transnacionais impactado localmente, direcionando a criação de novas regulamentações.

Abstract In recent years, changes have taken place in Brazilian obstetrics in response to the distance between the national scenario and World Health Organization recommendations and the work of organized civil society. This indicates the need for the national and international contexts to be considered. As such, the aim here is to understand the influence of transnationalism on normal childbirth in Brazil. Documental research was conducted to trace out the development of obstetrics in the country. It was found that the historical trajectory of normal childbirth in Brazil has not necessarily been restricted to national borders, but has been influenced by transnational recommendations and standards, orienting the creation of new regulations.