RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the distribution of macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and blood vessels in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged gingiva samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study included eight gingival samples from peri-implantitis and eight from periodontally healthy individuals. By immunofluorescence were identified neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and their pro-inflammatory or pro-healing phenotypes, and blood vessels. Two ROIs were designated as zone 1, connective tissue closest to the epithelium and zone 2, connective tissue over 200 microns from the rete ridges. Immune cells and vascular structures were quantified and characterized according to their distribution in both zones. RESULTS: Two peri-implantitis zones were characterized by unique macrophage phenotypes and blood vessel architecture. Blood vessels were larger in zone 2 in peri-implantitis. A greater number of NK cells and macrophages were found in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged samples. A higher presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages was found in zone 1 compared to zone 2. A similar proportion of pro-inflammatory and pro-healing macrophages were found in zone 2. CONCLUSION: A specific distribution for pro-inflammatory macrophages and vascular architecture is observed in peri-implantitis. TNF-α colocalizes with macrophages in the connective tissue near rete ridges. NK cells are more abundant in peri-implantitis than in healthy samples.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the biological response of human apical papilla cells to different calcium hydroxide formulations and three tricalcium silicate-based materials. METHODS: Primary cells were obtained from explants of young immature premolars. 20,000 cells adhered for 24 h over discs of Biodentine™, ProRoot®MTA, BioRoot®RCS and calcium hydroxide mixed either with sodium chloride 0.9%w/v or polyethylene glycol and UltraCal® were used to evaluate cell adhesion by scanning electron microscopy and cell viability by MTT assay. RESULTS: Cells adhered to ProRoot®MTA showed an increase of F-actin like protrusions, suggesting bioactivity. Cells adhered to UltraCal® show protrusion such as filopodia. On the contrary, cells adhered to BioRoot®RCS showed no signs of any cellular protrusion. Regarding viability between the materials, we found a higher percentage of viability in cells cultured over discs of Biodentine™ and ProRoot®MTA. CONCLUSION: ProRoot®MTA and Biodentine™ exhibit a better cellular response of human apical papilla cells in vitro conditions compared to BioRoot® and calcium hydroxide diluted in sodium chloride.
Assuntos
Hidróxido de Cálcio , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Óxidos , Silicatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in animals that parallels several clinical and molecular traits of multiple sclerosis in humans. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection mainly causes cold sores and eye diseases, yet eventually, it can also reach the CNS, leading to acute encephalitis. Notably, a significant proportion of healthy individuals are likely to have asymptomatic HSV-1 brain infection with chronic brain inflammation due to persistent latent infection in neurons. Because cellular senescence is suggested as a potential factor contributing to the development of various neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, and viral infections may induce a premature senescence state in the CNS, potentially increasing susceptibility to such disorders, here we examine the presence of senescence-related markers in the brains and spinal cords of mice with asymptomatic HSV-1 brain infection, EAE, and both conditions. Across all scenarios, we find a significant increases of senescence biomarkers in the CNS with some differences depending on the analyzed group. Notably, some senescence biomarkers are exclusively observed in mice with the combined conditions. These results indicate that asymptomatic HSV-1 brain infection and EAE associate with a significant expression of senescence biomarkers in the CNS.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Senescência Celular , Herpes Simples , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Esclerose Múltipla , Animais , Camundongos , Encéfalo/virologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Esclerose Múltipla/virologia , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidade , Herpes Simples/virologia , Herpes Simples/patologia , Feminino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/virologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Medula Espinal/virologia , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/patologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/virologia , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/patologia , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/metabolismoRESUMO
Aging is a gradual and progressive deterioration of integrity across multiple organ systems that negatively affects gingival wound healing. The cellular responses associated with wound healing, such as collagen synthesis, cell migration, proliferation, and collagen contraction, have been shown to be lower in gingival fibroblasts (the most abundant cells from the connective gingival tissue) in aged donors than young donors. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging, which is characterized by the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that is characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases which have been implicated in the recruitment of immune cells such as neutrophils, T cells and monocytes. Moreover, during aging, macrophages show altered acquisition of functional phenotypes in response to the tissue microenvironment. Thus, inflammatory and resolution macrophage-mediated processes are impaired, impacting the progression of periodontal disease. Interestingly, salivary antimicrobial peptides, such as histatins, which are involved in various functions, such as antifungal, bactericidal, enamel-protecting, angiogenesis, and re-epithelization, have been shown to fluctuate with aging. Several studies have associated the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen related to periodontitis and apical periodontitis, with the progression of Alzheimer's disease, as well as gut, esophageal, and gastric cancers. Moreover, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 have been associated with the severity of periodontal disease, cardiovascular complications, and nervous system-related pathologies. This review encompasses the effects of aging on periodontal tissues, how P. gingivalis and HSV infections could favor periodontitis and their relationship with other pathologies.
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Periodontite , Humanos , Gengiva/patologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Periodonto , Doenças Periodontais/metabolismoRESUMO
Debido a la falta de un estudio bacteriológico sobre infecciones urinarias en la comuna de Cvuepto se analizan 191 muestras de orina positivas para dicha patología en el lapso de un año. Se analiza la distribución por sexo, el tipo de cepa más frecuente y la sensibilidad a los distintos medicamentos en uso actualmente en nuestro hospital para su tratainiento. Los resultados muestran que la mujer es afectada 4 veces más que el hombre, la bacteria más frecuente es la E. Coli, y los medicamentos de elección son la iútrofurantoina y la cefradina por vía oral y la gentamicina y la amikacina por vía parenteral
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Proteus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação , Proteus/patogenicidade , Infecções Urinárias/urina , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Urina/parasitologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Klebsiella/patogenicidade , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Os Cadernos Adenauer foram criados com a finalidade de prestar informaçöes e promover o debate público sobre vários temas no Brasil. A luta contra a pobreza e o futuro do Estado de bem-estar social é o primeiro tema abordado, apresentado vários aspectos relacionados à política social, desde a identificaçäo das disparidades na distribuiçäo da riqueza e a amplitude social desse diagnostico até a análise de algumas experiências nacionais