[Rates of breathing values and kinetics of respiration response in critical patterns of muscular activity in middle and long distance running].

Parameters of ventilation influx, ventilation debt and ventilation demand of exercise were calculated on the basis of heart rate dynamics and parameters of external breathing during the testing procedure and recovery of elite runners during of the maximum workout. It was established that all of external breathing values closely reproduce changes of basic parameters of oxygen demand during the exercises at high intensity and duration and can be used for quantification and valuation of exercise loads in sport. During the conducted at the research it was experimentally proved that high level of sporting achievements in middle and long distance running is defined by three major factors of an aerobic exchange in an organism: 1. General ratio of increase in level of pulmonary ventilation (VE), consumption of oxygen (VO2) and allocation of carbon dioxide (CO2); 2. During the expiration--rate and of supply speed of oxygen (O2) from lungs to working muscles; 3. Rate of oxygenation (StO2) and total speed of the blood-groove.

[Assessment of parameters of human outside respiration by portative volumeter under field and laboratory conditions].

The assessment of spirometric possibilities of lung usually happens possible only in laboratory to use of expensive equipment, besides thus it is necessary to use cycle ergometer or racetracks which make the contribution to violation of natural coordination of movements of the person. Thereof there is a desire to develop the portable device, which would measure key parameters of external breath of the person in field conditions with data recording possibility in the memory in a mode of breath-by-breath then to transfer them to the computer for the further analysis. We developed the portable device consisting of the easy and tiny sensor, fastening to a respiratory mask. The sensor incorporates by means of a cable to the tiny device to the liquid crystal screen on which serially at the choice of the operator values of pulmonary ventilation (Ve), volume of an exhalation (Vt) and frequency of breath in a mode of breath-by-breath are deduced. Metrological researches showed that the device error generally didn't exceed 5%.

[Metabolic states at athletes in the strenuous muscular activity of variable character].

Investigated dynamics of metabolic conditions at athletes in strenuous muscular activity of variable character. The sportsmen of high qualification specializing in bicycle and skating sports, performed in vitro work on a bicycle ergometer at level of critical power at the maximum consumption of oxygen. In two additional series of experiences each of examinees has performed work on critical power by the initial accelerations making 28% from limiting duration of exercise of 45 and 108 seconds. At work on critical power on a course of performance of exercise consecutive change of metabolic conditions with a phase initial a log-period, fast exponential increase to level of the critical power, the subsequent maintenance of critical power and final dissociation of functions of an aerobic metabolism at increase of local exhaustion was traced. It is established that the most effective concerning work maintenance at level of critical power are short-term (no more than 10 s) initial accelerations on the power corresponding to 45-second limiting exercises: these accelerations stimulate development of functions of an aerobic metabolism and don't lead to exhaustion anaerobic resources and to development of the expressed local exhaustion in the end of work.

Carboxyatractylate inhibits the uncoupling effect of free fatty acids.

The ATP/ADP-antiporter inhibitors and ADP decrease the palmitate-induced stimulation of the mitochondrial respiration in the controlled state. The degree of inhibition decreases in the order: carboxyatractylate greater than bongkrekic acid, palmitoyl-CoA, ADP greater than atractylate. GDP is ineffective. The inhibiting concentration of carboxyatractylate coincides with this arresting the state 3 respiration. Carboxyatractylate inhibition decreases when the palmitate concentration increases. Stimulation of controlled respiration by FCCP or gramicidin D at any concentration of these uncouplers is carboxyatractylate-resistant, whereas that by low concentrations of DNP is partially suppressed by carboxyatractylate. These data together with observations that palmitate does not increase H+ conductance in bilayer phospholipid membranes and in cytochrome oxidase-asolectin proteoliposomes indicate that the ATP/ADP-antiporter is somehow involved in the uncoupling by low concentrations of fatty acids (or DNP), whereas that by FCCP and gramicidin D is due to their effect on the phospholipid bilayer. It is suggested that the antiporter facilitates translocation of palmitate anion across the mitochondrial membrane.

Proliferative activity of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle in infertile women with and without endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether changes in endometrial proliferation in patients with endometriosis contribute to ectopic endometrial implantation. DESIGN: Endometrial biopsies from patients with endometriosis were stained immunohistochemically and compared with endometrium of a control group (n = 111). The newly developed monoclonal antibody Ki-S3 was used as a marker of cellular proliferation in surface and glandular epithelia and in stromal cells. SETTING: Female Infertility Clinic, Research Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany. PATIENTS: One hundred thirty-nine women with endometriosis and 111 women without endometriosis, all being infertile. INTERVENTION: Collecting endometrial samples during diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of proliferating cells in endometrial stroma, glandular, and surface epithelia. RESULTS: Endometrial proliferation showed a characteristic cyclic dependency with greatest activity in the follicular phase. Although epithelial proliferation ceased completely during the luteal phase, the number of proliferating cells in the stroma increased again toward the end of the menstrual cycle after its maximum at ovulation. No significant differences could be found between both investigated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis is not due to an altered proliferative activity in eutopic endometrium. Proliferating stromal cells at the end of the menstrual cycle may reflect increasing numbers of immunocompetent cells. Endometrium of patients with endometriosis reveals almost the same cyclical changes as endometrium of patients without endometriosis does. Further attention to cells and cell-mediated reactions in the extrauterine milieu is required to elucidate the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

[Pharmacokinetics of mifepristone and kinetics of chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (beta-HCG) and progesterone in plasma of pregnant women during pharmacological interruption of early pregnancy]. / Farmakinetika mifepristona i kinetika beta-sub''edinitsy khorionicheskogo gonadotropina (beta-KhG) i progesterona v plazme krovi beremennykh zhenshchin pri medikamentoznom preryvanii rannei beremennosti.

Reliable correlations between the parameters of mifepriston pharmacokinetics describing the rate of drug elimination from the blood plasma and the levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) and progesterone reflecting the state of gestation in females have been established fore the first time. According to these relationships, the half elimination time, the mean retention time, and the plasma clearance of mifepriston can be considered as predictors of the clinical efficacy of this drug for the early pregnancy interruption.

Analysis of the velocity curve in sprint running.

Four main characteristics were distinguished on the basis of an analysis of the velocity curve in sprint running which determine the special exercise capacities of a sprinter: a) the ability for rapid attainment of speed in start momentum; b) ability for attaining maximal strength; c) ability for maintaining maximal running speed; d) ability to resist fatigue in the final phase of running. These properties are relatively conditioned and effected, to different degrees, by training. Distinctions between qualified sprinters and beginners are observed in display of maximal running speed, but these distinctions are not observed in display of staring speed and in abilities to resist fatigue.

Proliferative activity and level of steroid hormone receptors in the myometrium and myoma nodes in different phases of menstrual cycle.

We compared proliferative activity and levels of steroid receptors in the myometrium and myoma nodes in patients with uterine myoma in different phases of menstrual cycle. Maximum proliferative activity was observed at the periphery of myoma nodes in the the secretory phase of the cycle. The content of progesterone receptors at the periphery and in the center of myoma nodes was lower in the proliferative phase of the cycle than in the secretory phase. Steroid regulation of proliferative activity in the myoma nodes in the the secretory phase through modulation of the content of progesterone receptors is hypothesized.