RESUMO
Organisms adapt to environmental changes in order to survive. Mothers exposed to nutritional stresses can induce an adaptive response in their offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such inheritable links are not clear. Here we report that in Drosophila, starvation of mothers primes the progeny against subsequent nutritional stress. We found that RpL10Ab represses TOR pathway activity by genetically interacting with TOR pathway components TSC2 and Rheb. In addition, starved mothers produce offspring with lower levels of RpL10Ab in the germline, which results in higher TOR pathway activity, conferring greater resistance to starvation-induced oocyte loss. The RpL10Ab locus encodes for the RpL10Ab mRNA and a stable intronic sequence RNA (sisR-8), which collectively repress RpL10Ab pre-mRNA splicing in a negative feedback mechanism. During starvation, an increase in maternally deposited RpL10Ab and sisR-8 transcripts leads to the reduction of RpL10Ab expression in the offspring. Our study suggests that the maternally deposited RpL10Ab and sisR-8 transcripts trigger a negative feedback loop that mediates intergenerational adaptation to nutritional stress as a starvation response.
Assuntos
Inanição/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Células Germinativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Íntrons/genética , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oócitos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Effective feedback is crucial for educating health professions students. This systematic review investigates the impact of extrinsic feedback on health professions students, encompassing medical, dental, and nursing fields. Through meticulous gathering and analysis of 37 studies, this review highlights verbal and visual feedback as predominant forms, often delivered immediately by instructors and supplemented by peer or simulated input. Notably, technology is increasingly utilised to enhance the provision of feedback. The impacts of feedback span various domains, including surgical skills and patient communication, revealing notable improvements in procedural skills such as suturing and knot-tying, as well as general patient communication proficiency. Meta-analyses underscore significant enhancements in communication skills and provide nuanced insights into chest compression techniques. Overall, the findings provide initial evidence that extrinsic feedback enhances surgical procedural skills and general patient communication proficiency among health professions students. The evolving role of technology in feedback provision is promising. Future studies should assess extrinsic feedback across different health professions to better understand its impacts and alignment with specific educational needs and accreditation standards, thereby enhancing learning outcomes.