RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and laboratory findings associated with protein-losing enteropathy, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia in Yorkshire Terriers. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 5 purebred or crossbred Yorkshire Terriers with protein-losing enteropathy, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for dogs with protein-losing enteropathy, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. RESULTS: Of 8 dogs with these signs, 5 had Yorkshire Terrier breeding. Common findings were diarrhea, abdominal effusion, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hypocalcemia (ionized calcium), hypomagnesemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, and increased serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Yorkshire Terriers are at increased risk for development of protein-losing enteropathy with hypomagnesemia and decreased ionized calcium concentration. Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia may have a related pathogenesis involving intestinal loss, malabsorption, and abnormalities of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone metabolism. Serum electrolyte replacement may be required to avoid neurologic and metabolic problems.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/sangue , Hipocalcemia/veterinária , Magnésio/sangue , Enteropatias Perdedoras de Proteínas/veterinária , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biópsia/veterinária , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Cruzamento , Diarreia/veterinária , Cães , Feminino , Hipocalcemia/sangue , Hipocalcemia/complicações , Hipoproteinemia/sangue , Hipoproteinemia/complicações , Hipoproteinemia/veterinária , Intestinos/patologia , Masculino , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Enteropatias Perdedoras de Proteínas/sangue , Enteropatias Perdedoras de Proteínas/complicações , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Veterinary care has continued to advance by implementing more of the equipment and techniques that are commonly used in human medicine. This includes the placement of arterial catheters and pulmonary artery catheters and continuous monitoring of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure. This article describes the technique for placement of appropriate catheters, the equipment that is needed, and the waveforms that are obtained when measuring direct arterial pressures, central venous pressures, and pulmonary arterial pressures.
Assuntos
Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/veterinária , Monitores de Pressão Arterial/veterinária , Animais , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Cães , Desenho de Equipamento , HumanosRESUMO
Respiratory distress is a very common presenting complaint in emergency practice. It is essential that the clinician rapidly determine the underlying cause of the clinical signs using physical examination findings and nonstressful diagnostic tests. Oxygen therapy will often stabilize a patient, allowing for a more complete physical examination and diagnostics, including thoracocentesis, thoracic radiographs, and blood collection for laboratory analysis. The disease processes that cause respiratory distress can be grouped according to anatomic location: the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, pleural space, or thoracic wall. The choice of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques will be dependent on the suspected anatomic origin of disease. Techniques useful in diagnosing airway disorders include oral examination, cervical and thoracic radiographs, fluoroscopy, and bronchoscopy. Therapeutic techniques include intubation and tracheostomy. For parenchymal disease, thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, ultrasound of the thorax, and transtracheal or endotracheal wash can be useful. When the disease process is in the pleural space, thoracocentesis can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Chest tube placement may be necessary for continuous removal of air or fluid from the pleural space. Monitoring of the respiratory patient can involve serial physical examination, pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gas analysis. It is essential to minimize stress on patients with respiratory distress because decompensation can occur easily, leading to respiratory arrest.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Dispneia/veterinária , Insuficiência Respiratória/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Dispneia/diagnóstico , Dispneia/terapia , Tratamento de Emergência/veterinária , Oxigenoterapia/veterinária , Insuficiência Respiratória/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapiaRESUMO
Nutrition is an integral part of the management of the critically ill patient. Nutritional support can be provided by either parenteral or enteral routes. Whenever possible, enteral nutrition is the method of choice, as it reduces complication rates and improves outcome. Potential choices for enteral feeding include nasoesophageal, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, and transpyloric feeding tubes. The modes of parenteral and enteral nutrition are reviewed individually, including indications and selection of appropriate routes of feeding, methods of tube placement, and benefits and risks associated with each feeding approach.