RNA ac4C modification in cancer: Unraveling multifaceted roles and promising therapeutic horizons.

RNA modifications play a crucial role in cancer development, profoundly influencing various stages of the RNA lifecycle. These stages encompass nuclear processing, nuclear export, splicing, and translation in the cytoplasm. Among RNA modifications, RNA ac4C modification, also known as N4-acetylcytidine, stands out for its unique role in acetylation processes. Specific proteins regulate RNA ac4C modification, maintaining the dynamic and reversible nature of these changes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of RNA ac4C modification. It examines the intricate ways in which RNA ac4C modification influences the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review provides an integrated overview of the current methodologies for detecting RNA ac4C modification. Exploring the potential applications of manipulating this modification suggests avenues for novel therapeutic strategies, potentially leading to more effective cancer treatments in the future.

Exploring the impact of N4-acetylcytidine modification in RNA on non-neoplastic disease: unveiling its role in pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities.

RNA modifications include not only methylation modifications, such as m6A, but also acetylation modifications, which constitute a complex interaction involving "writers," "readers," and "erasers" that play crucial roles in growth, genetics, and disease. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is an ancient and highly conserved RNA modification that plays a profound role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. This review provides insights into the functional impact of ac4C modifications in disease and introduces new perspectives for disease treatment. These studies provide important insights into the biological functions of post-transcriptional RNA modifications and their potential roles in disease mechanisms, offering new perspectives and strategies for disease treatment.

Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus Plantarum Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells in BALB/c Mice.

Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) exopolysaccharide (EPS) is an important bioactive component in fermented functional foods. However, there is a lack of data concerning the effects of L. plantarum EPS on maturation of mouse dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we purified L. plantarum EPS and examined its effects on cytokines production by dendritic cells in serum and intestinal fluid of BALB/c mice, then investigated its effects on phenotypic and functional maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Cytokines (nitric oxide, IL-12p70, IL-10 and RANTES) in serum and intestinal fluid were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after the mice received EPS for 2, 5 and 7 days, respectively. DCs derived from bone marrow of BALB/c mouse were treated with EPS, then the phenotypic maturation of BMDCs was analyzed using flow cytometer and the functional maturation of BMDCs was analyzed by ELISA, and, lastly, mixed lymphocyte proliferation was performed. We found the molecular weight of purified EPS was approximately 2.4×106 Da and it was composed of ribose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2:1:1:10:4:205:215. We observed that L. plantarum EPS enriched production of nitric oxide, IL-12p70 and RANTES, and decreased the secretion of IL-10 in the serum or intestinal fluid as well as in the supernatant of DCs treated with the EPS. The EPS also up-regulated the expression of MHC II and CD86 on DCs surface and promoted T cells to proliferate in vitro. Our data provide direct evidence to suggest that L. plantarum EPS can effectively induce maturation of DCs in mice.