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The stomach is the primary reservoir of the gastrointestinal tract, where ingested content is broken down into small particles. Coordinated relaxation and contraction is essential for rhythmic motility and digestion, but how the muscle motor innervation is organized to provide appropriate graded regional control is not established. In this study, we recorded neuromuscular transmission to the circular muscle using intracellular microelectrodes to investigate the spread of the influence of intrinsic motor neurons. In addition, microanatomical investigations of neuronal projections and pharmacological analysis were conducted to investigate neuromuscular relationships. We found that inhibitory neurotransmission to the circular muscle is graded with stimulus strength and circumferential distance from the stimulation site. The influence of inhibitory neurons declined between 1 and 11 mm from the stimulation site. In the antrum, corpus, and fundus, the declines at 11 mm were about 20%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. Stimulation of inhibitory neurons elicited biphasic hyperpolarizing potentials often followed by prolonged depolarizing events in the distal stomach, but only hyperpolarizing events in the proximal stomach. Excitatory neurotransmission influence varied greatly between proximal stomach, where depolarizing events occurred, and distal stomach, where no direct electrical effects in the muscle were observed. Structural studies using microlesion surgeries confirmed a dominant circumferential projection. We conclude that motor neuron influences extend around the gastric circumference, that the effectiveness can be graded by the recruitment of different numbers of motor neuron nerve terminals to finely control gastric motility, and that the ways in which the neurons influence the muscle differ between anatomical regions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a detailed mapping of nerve transmission to the circular muscle of the different anatomical regions of rat stomach. It shows that excitatory and inhibitory influences extend around the gastric circumference and that there is a summation of neural influence that allows for finely graded control of muscle tension and length. Nerve-mediated electrical events are qualitatively and quantitatively different between regions, for example, excitatory neurons have direct effects on fundus but not antral muscle.
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Neurônios Motores , Estômago , Ratos , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Estômago/inervação , Músculos , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , AnimaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The stomach's ability to store, mix, propel, and empty its content requires highly coordinated motor functions. However, current diagnostic tools cannot simultaneously assess these motor processes. This study aimed to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map multifaceted gastric motor functions, including accommodation, tonic and peristaltic contractions, and emptying, through a single non-invasive experiment for both humans and rats. METHODS: Ten humans and ten Sprague-Dawley rats consumed MRI-visible semi-solid meals and underwent MRI scans. We used a surface model to analyze MRI data, capturing the deformation of the stomach wall upon ingestion or during digestion. We inferred muscle activity, mapped motor processes, parcellated the stomach into functional regions, and revealed cross-species distinctions. RESULTS: In humans, both the fundus and antrum distended post-meal, followed by sustained tonic contractions to regulate intragastric pressure. Peristaltic contractions initiate from the distal fundus, including three concurrent wavefronts oscillating at 3.3 cycles per minute (cpm) and traveling at 1.7 to 2.9 mm/s. These motor functions facilitate linear gastric emptying with a 61-min half-time. In contrast, rats exhibited peristalsis from the mid-corpus, showing two wavefronts oscillating at 5 cpm and traveling at 0.3 to 0.9 mm/s. For both species, motility features allowed functional parcellation of the stomach along a mid-corpus division. CONCLUSIONS: This study maps region- and species-specific gastric motor functions. We demonstrate the value of MRI with surface modeling in understanding gastric physiology and its potential to become a new standard for clinical and preclinical investigations of gastric disorders at both individual and group levels.
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Humans actively observe the visual surroundings by focusing on salient objects and ignoring trivial details. However, computer vision models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) often analyze visual input all at once through a single feedforward pass. In this study, we designed a dual-stream vision model inspired by the human brain. This model features retina-like input layers and includes two streams: one determining the next point of focus (the fixation), while the other interprets the visuals surrounding the fixation. Trained on image recognition, this model examines an image through a sequence of fixations, each time focusing on different parts, thereby progressively building a representation of the image. We evaluated this model against various benchmarks in terms of object recognition, gaze behavior, and adversarial robustness. Our findings suggest that the model can attend and gaze in ways similar to humans without being explicitly trained to mimic human attention and that the model can enhance robustness against adversarial attacks due to its retinal sampling and recurrent processing. In particular, the model can correct its perceptual errors by taking more glances, setting itself apart from all feedforward-only models. In conclusion, the interactions of retinal sampling, eye movement, and recurrent dynamics are important to human-like visual exploration and inference.
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As one of the most significant parameters in cellular microenvironment, viscosity levels could be used to determine the metabolic process of bioactive substances within cells. Abnormal viscosity levels are closely associated with a series of diseases. Therefore, the design and synthesis of fluorescent probes that can monitor changes of intracellular viscosity in real-time is of great significance for the study of disease development process. Here, a new viscosity-recognized NIR fluorescence probe W1 based on quinoline-malonitrile is synthesized, and it is not susceptible to interference substances. Besides, AIE probe W1 shows fast response, excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, good linear relationship between fluorescence intensity value and viscosity. Based on the above advantages, probe W1 is used to image the change of viscosity level in the cell model induced by nystatin.
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This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of eriodictyol on ovarian cancer cells. CaoV3 and A2780 were exposed to eriodictyol at different concentrations of 0-800 µM. Cell apoptosis and viability were determined by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by flow cytometers with a JC-1 detection kit. Fe2+ content was evaluated using an iron assay kit. The section of tumor tissues was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Eriodictyol suppressed cell viability and induced cell apoptosis of CaoV3 and A2780 cells. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) value of CaoV3 at 24 and 48 h was (229.74 ± 5.13) µM and (38.44 ± 4.68) µM, and IC50 value of A2780 at 24 and 48 h was (248.32 ± 2.54) µM and (64.28 ± 3.19) µM. Fe2+ content and reactive oxygen species production were increased and protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were decreased by eriodictyol. Besides, eriodictyol reduced the ratio of JC-1 fluorescence ratio, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents but elevated Cytochrome C level. Nrf2 phosphorylation were obviously downregulated by eriodictyol. Finally, eriodictyol suppressed tumor growth, aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulated Nrf2 expression in tumor tissue in mice. Eriodictyol regulated ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell viability via Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Ferroptose , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular , Transdução de Sinais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismoRESUMO
Soil microorganisms and N cycling are important components of biogeochemical cycling processes. In addition, the study of the effects of nitrification and urease inhibitors on N and microorganisms in greenhouse vegetable fields is essential to reducing N loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of nitrification inhibitors [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (CP), dicyandiamide (DCD)], and urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] on soil inorganic N (NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N) concentrations and the production rates of greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2) in greenhouse vegetable fields were investigated via indoor incubation experiments. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and high-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina Miseq) were used to explore the community structure and abundance changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS). The results showed that CP and DCD obviously inhibited NH4+-N conversion, and NO2--N, and NO3--N accumulation, NBPT slowed down urea hydrolysis and NH4+-N production, and the apparent nitrification rates of soil were in the following order: NBPT > DCD > DCD + NBPT > CP + NBPT > CP. Compared with urea treatment, the peak N2O production rate of inhibitor treatment decreased by 73.30-99.30%, and the production rate of CH4 and CO2 decreased by more than 66.16%. DCD and CP reduced the abundance of AOA and AOB, respectively. Furthermore, NBPT hindered the growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and nirS-type denitrifying bacteria, and urea and nitrification inhibitors were detrimental to the growth of Ensifer and Sinorhizobium in the nirK community. Nitrification and urease inhibitors can effectively slow down nitrification and greenhouse gas emissions, reduce N loss and improve soil quality by inhibiting the growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and denitrifying bacteria.
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Interactions between the brain and the stomach shape both cognitive and digestive functions. Recent human studies report spontaneous synchronization between brain activity and gastric slow waves in the resting state. However, this finding has not been replicated in any animal models. The neural pathways underlying this apparent stomach-brain synchrony is also unclear. Here, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging while simultaneously recording body-surface gastric slow waves from anesthetized rats in the fasted vs. postprandial conditions and performed a bilateral cervical vagotomy to assess the role of the vagus nerve. The coherence between brain fMRI signals and gastric slow waves was found in a distributed "gastric network", including subcortical and cortical regions in the sensory, motor, and limbic systems. The stomach-brain coherence was largely reduced by the bilateral vagotomy and was different between the fasted and fed states. These findings suggest that the vagus nerve mediates the spontaneous coherence between brain activity and gastric slow waves, which is likely a signature of real-time stomach-brain interactions. However, its functional significance remains to be established.
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Estômago , Nervo Vago , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Estômago/fisiologia , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Vagotomia , Vias NeuraisRESUMO
The strengths, directions and coupling of the movements of the stomach depend on the organisation of its musculature. Although the rat has been used as a model species to study gastric function, there is no detailed, quantitative study of the arrangement of the gastric muscles in rat. Here we provide a descriptive and quantitative account, and compare it with human gastric anatomy. The rat stomach has three components of the muscularis externa, a longitudinal coat, a circular coat and an internal oblique (sling) muscle in the region of the gastro-oesophageal junction. These layers are similar to human. Unlike human, the rat stomach is also equipped with paired muscular oesophago-pyloric ligaments that lie external to the longitudinal muscle. There is a prominent muscularis mucosae throughout the stomach and strands of smooth muscle occur in the mucosa, between the glands of the corpus and antrum. The striated muscle of the oesophageal wall reaches to the stomach, unlike the human, in which the wall of the distal oesophagus is smooth muscle. Thus, the continuity of gastric and oesophageal smooth muscle bundles, that occurs in human, does not occur in rat. Circular muscle bundles extend around the circumference of the stomach, in the fundus forming a cap of parallel muscle bundles. This arrangement favours co-ordinated circumferential contractions. Small bands of muscle make connections between the circular muscle bundles. This is consistent with a slower conduction of excitation orthogonal to the circular muscle bundles, across the corpus towards the distal antrum. The oblique muscle merged and became continuous with the circular muscle close to the gastro-oesophageal junction at the base of the fundus, and in the corpus, lateral to the lesser curvature. Quantitation of muscle thickness revealed gradients of thickness of both the longitudinal and circular muscle. This anatomical study provides essential data for interpreting gastric movements.
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Esôfago , Músculo Liso , Animais , Junção Esofagogástrica , Contração Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , RatosRESUMO
Seven-core five-mode fiber and single-core five-mode fiber with the same core structure by high and low refractive index double rings are prepared based on plasma chemical vapor deposition. The transmission characteristics of the single-core few-mode fiber and the seven-core few-mode fiber are measured and characterized by building an experimental platform. The prepared single-core few-mode fiber can stably transmit five LP modes at 1550 nm, which not only has low loss characteristics, but also has excellent bending resistance. Furthermore, the transmission loss of the prepared seven-core fiber is lower than 0.4 dB/km, and the inter-core crosstalk is lower than -50 dB/km, which realizes the high-density and low-crosstalk transmission of the multi-core fiber. The prepared seven-core few-mode fiber can solve the capacity limitation of single-mode fiber, which will contribute the development of future communication systems.
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Our study was to analyze and evaluate the impact of different shotgun metagenomic sequencing depths from 5 to 20 million in metagenome-wide association studies (MWASs), and to determine the optimal minimum sequencing depth. We included a set of 200 previously published gut microbial shotgun metagenomic sequencing data on obesity (100 obese vs. 100 non-obese). The reads with original sequencing depths >20 million were downsized into seven experimental groups with depths from 5 to 20 million (interval 2.5 million). Using both integrated gene cluster (IGC) and metagenomic phylogenetic analysis 2 (MetaPhlAn2), we obtained and analyzed the read matching rates, gene count, species richness and abundance, diversity, and clinical biomarkers of the experimental groups with the original depth as the control group. An additional set of 100 published data from a colorectal cancer (CRC) study was included for validation (50 CRC vs. 50 CRC-free). Our results showed that more genes and species were identified following the increase in sequencing depths. When it reached 15 million or higher, the species richness became more stable with changing rate of 5% or lower, and the species composition more stable with ICC intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) higher than 0.75. In terms of species abundance, 81% and 97% of species showed significant differences in IGC and MetaPhlAn2 among all groups with p < 0.05. Diversity showed significant differences across all groups, with decreasing differences of diversity between the experimental and the control groups following the increase in sequencing depth. The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC, of the obesity classifier for running the obesity testing samples showed an increasing trend following the increase in sequencing depth (τ = 0.29). The validation results were consistent with the above results. Our study found that the higher the sequencing depth is, the more the microbial information in structure and composition it provides. We also found that when sequencing depth was 15 million or higher, we obtained more stable species compositions and disease classifiers with good performance. Therefore, we recommend 15 million as the optimal minimum sequencing depth for an MWAS.
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Metagenoma , Metagenômica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Metagenômica/métodos , Obesidade/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
Enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials for antioxidative therapy is a promising star to treat more than 200 diseases or control their progressions through scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2â¢- and H2 O2 . However, they can inversely produce stronger ROS (e.g., â¢OH) under many disease conditions (e.g., low pH for myocardial ischemia). Herein, a biocompatible -Cu-O-Zn- bimetallic covalent doped carbon dots (CuZn-CDs) processing both catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities are reported, mainly because of their abundant electrons and the excellent electron transfer abilities. In addition, Cu dopant helps to balance the positive charge at Zn dopant resulting from low pH, enabling CuZn-CDs to still process CAT ability rather than peroxidase ability. Benefiting from it, CuZn-CDs exhibit sufficient in vitro ROS scavenging ability and cardiomyocyte protective effect against ROS-induced damage. In vivo results further demonstrate that CuZn-CDs can protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to antioxidative therapy, the rapid renal clearance and low toxicity properties of CuZn-CDs in animal model reveal high biocompatibility which will facilitate clinical use.
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Antioxidantes , Carbono , Animais , Catalase , Elétrons , Superóxido Dismutase , ZincoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Probiotics have been reported to be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the types, number of strains, dosage, and intervention time of probiotics used remain controversial. Furthermore, the changes of gut microbiota in IBD's patients are also intriguing. Thus, this meta-analysis was to explore the clinical effects and gut microbiota changes of using probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in IBD. METHODS: The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library from inception to April 2020. Qualified randomized controlled trials were included. IBD's remission rate, disease activity index and recurrence rate were extracted and analyzed. Changes in the gut microbiota of patients with IBD are comprehensively described. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were included. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics can induce/maintain IBD's remission and reduce ulcerative colitis (UC) disease activity index (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.26, P < 0.05; SMD = 1.00, 95% CI 0.27, 1.73, P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses of IBD remission rate and UC disease activity index, we obtained some statistically significant results in some subgroup (P < 0.05). To some extent, probiotic supplements can increase the number of beneficial bacteria (especially Bifidobacteria) in the intestinal tract of patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the treatment of IBD (especially UC) with pro/pre/synbiotics, and synbiotics are more effective. Probiotic supplements that are based on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium or more than one strain are more likely to be beneficial for IBD remission. The dose of 1010-1012 CFU/day may be a reference range for using probiotics to relieve IBD.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Probióticos , Simbióticos , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , PrebióticosRESUMO
Objective: The association between vitamin E supplementation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was controversial because of conflicting data in the literature. This study was designed to systematically evaluate evidence about the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation not only on the risk but also on the progression of AD. Design: Five electronic databases were searched for studies published up to June 2017. Articles reporting vitamin E supplementation and AD were included, and the random-effect model was performed for the meta-analysis about the relationship between vitamin E supplementation and AD. Results: Five cohort studies and three randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies (total n = 14,262) involving 1313 cases about vitamin E effects on the risk of AD and 244 cases about effects on progression of AD. The pooled RR for vitamin E supplemental and risk of AD was 0.81 [95% CI: 0.50-1.33, I 2 = 69.2%]. Suitable data could not be extracted to do meta-analysis as there was no unified standard of outcome measure for studies on AD progression. We carefully analyzed and evaluated the authenticity and accuracy of every single trial, while reliable evidence could not be obtained. Conclusions: From what we do, neither the synthetic data on risk of AD nor the critical review on progression of AD could provide enough evidence on our research. Thus, we cannot draw a specific conclusion on the association or correlation between Vitamin E and AD.
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Doença de Alzheimer/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Progressão da Doença , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Musculoskeletal pain control is essential in the management of trauma patients in the emergency department (ED). Here, we performed a network meta-analysis of the use of analgesics to manage traumatic musculoskeletal pain. METHOD: This network meta-analysis (NMA) protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020150145). Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing systemic pharmaceutical interventions for treating traumatic musculoskeletal pain in the ED setting. The outcomes were global efficacy and changes in pain intensity. RESULTS: Eighteen studies (2656 patients, four medication classes) met the inclusion criteria. The top-ranking medication class for global efficacy was nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; network odds ratio: 0.52, 95% credible interval: 0.34-0.81, surface under the cumulative ranking curve score: 86). No interventions were more effective at decreasing pain intensity than opioids at 60 min. CONCLUSION: NSAIDs were the most effective medications for treating traumatic musculoskeletal pain, and combination therapies may not have advantages in the ED setting.
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Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Dor Musculoesquelética/tratamento farmacológico , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Dor Musculoesquelética/etiologia , Dor Musculoesquelética/fisiopatologia , Metanálise em Rede , Manejo da Dor , Medição da Dor , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of isogeneic-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) homing to vascular transplants and their therapeutic effect on chronic allogeneic vasculopathy. We found that integrin ß1 (Intgß1) was the dominant integrin ß unit in iPSCs that mediates the adhesion of circulatory and endothelial cells (ECs). Intgß1 knockout or Intgß1-siRNAs inhibit iPSC adhesion and migration across activated endothelial monolayers. The therapeutic effects of the following were examined: iPSCs, Intgß1-knockout iPSCs, iPSCs transfected with Intgß1-siRNAs or nontargeting siRNAs, iPSC-derived ECs, iPSC-derived ECs simultaneously overexpressing Intgα4 and Intgß1, iPSCs precultured in endothelial medium for 3 days (endothelial-prone stem cells), primary aortic ECs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and phosphate-buffered saline (control). The cells were administered every 3 days for a period of 8 weeks. iPSCs, iPSCs transfected with nontargeting siRNAs, and endothelial-prone stem cells selectively homed on the luminal surface of the allografts, differentiated into ECs, and decreased neointimal proliferation. Through a single administration, we found that iPSCs trafficked to allograft lesions, differentiated into ECs within 1 week, and survived for 4-8 weeks. The therapeutic effect of a single administration was moderate. Thus, Intgß1 and pluripotency are essential for iPSCs to treat allogeneic vasculopathy.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Células Endoteliais , Fibroblastos , Integrina beta1 , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fenestration of vertebra-basilar artery is an uncommon congenital vascular anomaly, which is identified by incidental findings on imaging in patients presented without related symptoms or in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to concomitant artery aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations. Yet, cases of fenestration being misdiagnosed as cerebral artery dissection have never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a patient of 66-year-old female with acute onset of dizziness after chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed 'double lumen' sign and 'intimal flap' of the V1 segment of the vertebral artery, which led to the initial diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection (VAD). However, vertebral artery fenestration at V1 segment was eventually identified by multi-directional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Interestingly, concomitant vertebral fenestration at V3 segment, basilar fenestration and basilar artery tip aneurysm was also revealed by DSA. CONCLUSION: The triple fenestration at vertebrobasilar artery with basilar tip artery aneurysm is extremely rare, and the fenestration at the V1 segment of vertebral artery was easily misdiagnosed as VAD due to the similar imaging morphology.
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Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Erros de Diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , PescoçoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between whole grains intake and digestive tract cancer risk; however, the results are still controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association. METHODS: Studies published before March 2020 were searched in database and other sources. The risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using fix or random-effects models. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 34 articles reporting 35 studies, 18 studies of colorectal cancer, 11 studies of gastric cancer and 6 studies of esophagus cancer, involving 2,663,278 participants and 28,921 cases. Comparing the highest-intake participants with the lowest-intake participants for whole grains, we found that the intake of whole grains were inversely related to colorectal cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.93, P < 0.001), gastric cancer (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53-0.79, P < 0.001), esophagus cancer (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44-0.67, P < 0.001), respectively. However, subgroup analysis of colorectal cancer found no significant association in the case-control studies and studies of sample size < 500, and subgroup analysis of gastric cancer found no significant association in the cohort studies and studies of American population. No study significantly affected the findings in the sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was found in the studies for colorectal cancer and esophagus cancer except in the studies for gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides further evidence that whole grains intake was associated with a reduced risk of digestive tract cancer. Our result supports the dietary guidelines that increase whole grains intake to reduce the risk of digestive tract cancer.
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Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Grãos Integrais , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether skeletal-specific H-type blood vessels exist in alveolar bone and how they function in alveolar bone remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H-type vessels with high expression of CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hi Emcnhi ) were immunostained in alveolar bone. Abundance and age-related changes in CD31hi Emcnhi endothelial cells (H-ECs) were detected by flow cytometry. Osteoprogenitors association with H-type vessels and bone mass were detected in tooth extraction model of alveolar bone remodeling by immunohistofluorescence and micro-CT, respectively. Transcription and expression of H-EC feature genes during in vitro Notch inhibition were measured by RT-qPCR and immunocytofluorescence. RESULTS: We verified that H-type vessels existed in alveolar bone, the abundance of which was highest at infancy age, then decreased but maintained a constant level during aging. In tooth extraction model, H-ECs significantly increased with concomitant perivascular accumulation of Runx2+ osteoprogenitors and gradually augmentation of bone mass. Notch inhibition of in vitro cultured H-ECs resulted in decreased expression levels of Emcn and hes1, but not Pecam1 or Kdr genes, with decreased expression levels of H-EC numbers, accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that H-type vessels promote osteogenesis during alveolar bone remodeling. Notch signaling pathway regulates expression of Emcn and possibly determines fate and functions of alveolar H-ECs.
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Remodelação Óssea , Células Endoteliais , Osteogênese , Extração Dentária , Animais , Camundongos , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psychogenic fever is a stress-related psychosomatic disease and has been recognized clinically since the early twentieth century. It is common in adolescents or young women with acute or persistent elevation in body temperature. Psychogenic fever can be attenuated by anxiolytic, neuroleptic, or by psychotherapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 22-year-old female was diagnosed with psychogenic fever and suffered from fever, headache and transient visual impairment. She had a history of being hit on the head by a rolling gate 10â¯days prior to visiting our hospital. All examinations showed no abnormal findings. Antipyretic drugs and antibiotics had no effect on reducing her body temperature. The patient was usually nervous at work and became extremely anxious after the injury. Within a week of psychotherapy, her temperature gradually returned to normal and her sight was restored. CONCLUSION: Psychological stress may present with a range of symptoms, including visual impairment. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of psychogenic fever when patients present with fever of unknown origin and no other abnormal findings.
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Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/complicações , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Feminino , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Psicoterapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Epimedii Folium,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,has the effect of tonifying kidney Yang,strengthening bones and treating rheumatism. However,in recent years,the number of reports on adverse reactions of Epimedii Folium and its Chinese patent medicines such as Xianling Gubao Capsules and Zhuanggu Guanjie Pills has been gradually increased,and the toxicity of Epimedii Folium has attracted more and more attention. In this article,the ancient and modern literature on Epimedii Folium was traced through a comprehensive and systematic literature analysis method. According to the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Epimedii Folium refers to the dried leaves of Epimedii Folium brevicomu,E. sugittutum,E. pubescens or E. koreuuum. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia also includes E. wushanense of Wushan Epimedium,which is the same plant variety as Epimedium. The study showed that there were differences in the geographical distribution,composition and toxicity among five species of Epimedium. This paper also explained the toxicity mechanism as well as efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing effects of Epimedii Folium,and reported its related adverse reaction cases. Through a retrospective comparative study on the toxicity of the modern Chinese patent medicines Xianling Gubao Capsules and Zhuanggu Guanjie Pills containing Epimedii Folium,it was believed that Epimedii Folium had cardiovascular system toxicity,neurotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,long-term toxicity,acute toxicity,genotoxicity and special toxicity; its safe medication factors included patient syndrome,doctor factors,drug factors,processing and compatibility factors. Meanwhile,strategies were proposed to improve patient safety medication awareness,standardize Epimedii Folium varieties and quality supervision,and the toxicity of Epimedii Folium was studied,hoping to draw attention from scholars to the safety of Epimedii Folium,improve the safe use of Epimedii Folium,and prevent adverse reactions.