The influence of authentic leadership on nurses' turnover intentions and satisfaction with quality of care in Saudi Arabia: A structural equation modelling study.

AIM(S): The study aimed to test a model that examined the relationships between authentic leadership, psychological safety, work engagement and team effectiveness and subsequent effects of team effectiveness on job turnover intentions and nurse satisfaction with quality of care. BACKGROUND: Nurse leaders who exhibit authentic leadership have been shown to contribute to the development of healthy work environments. In workplaces with demonstrated authentic leadership, nurses are more engaged and have lower job turnover intentions. METHOD(S): A non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used to test the hypothesized model via structural equation modelling. A total of 456 nurses were included. RESULTS: Structural equation modelling analysis indicated a good fit for the hypothesized model. Authentic leadership had a positive, significant and direct relationship with team effectiveness, nurses' work engagement and psychological safety. Team effectiveness was found to be negatively related to job turnover intentions but positively related to nurse satisfaction with quality of care. CONCLUSION(S): Results of this study may help nursing leaders have a better understanding of the essential role of leadership style in increasing healthy work environments. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Applying authentic leadership style in nursing practice could help to reduce the shortage of nurses stemming from the high turnover intentions of nurses.

Relationships between caregiving stress, mental health and physical health in family caregivers of adult patients with cancer: implications for nursing practice.

AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between caregiving stress, mental health and physical health in family caregivers of adult patients with cancer at a University Teaching Hospital in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational study was carried out with a convenience sample of 160 family caregivers of adult patients with cancer. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including the Modified Caregiver Strain Index, the DUKE Health Profile and sociodemographic items. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive and inferential statistics and correlations were performed. RESULTS: Participants experienced a certain level of caregiving stress (M = 9.01, SD = 5.645). Many factors were found to be correlated to higher caregiving stress in this study. Caregiving stress showed significant moderate negative correlations with mental and physical health (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were found between age, gender, nationality, education, monthly income, and caregiving stress or DUKE Health Profile scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Caregiving stress affects family caregivers' mental and physical health. Such stress can disrupt the caregiving performance of family caregivers. Discovering the causes of caregiving stress among the family caregivers of adult patients with cancer may help to determine the main elements affecting patient care and can assist oncology nurses in providing support and services to caregivers. Educational strategies/intervention programs in the hospitals may be required to reduce caregiving stress levels and improve the health and well-being of family caregivers of adult patients with cancer.

An integrative review of nursing leadership in Saudi Arabia.

AIMS: The aims of this integrative review were to describe leadership styles from the nursing literature in Saudi Arabia and to identify the current state of evidence about relationships between leadership styles and nurse, patient and organization outcomes in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Integrative review was used as a design for this study. METHODS: The following search terms were used with databases: 'Saudi Arabia', 'leadership theory*', 'leadership style*', 'leadership model*', 'management style' and 'nurse*'. Methodological quality was assessed using two different quality rating tools for quantitative and qualitative studies. Databases used for this review included Nursing & Allied Health Database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. RESULTS: Nine manuscripts representing eight studies were included in this review. The papers reviewed included quantitative (n = 6), qualitative (n = 2) and mixed methods studies (n = 1). Results were grouped into different themes, identified as nursing leadership styles in Saudi Arabia, leadership styles and nurses' outcomes, and demographics and leadership styles.

A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Effect of Ginger Tea on Preventing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Gynecological Cancers Receiving Cisplatin-Based Regimens.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy experience acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. These side effects obligate the patients to use pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. The effect of ginger tea as an antiemetic modality on preventing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting has not been confirmed in previous studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ginger tea, when given together with the standard antiemetic regimen, on preventing nausea and vomiting in patients with gynecological cancers receiving cisplatin-based regimens. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with 2 groups (control and intervention groups, 50 participants each). A sociodemographic and medical survey and the Modified Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching were used to collect the data. Descriptive analyses, t test, and χ2 test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The total mean Modified Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching scores were lower in the intervention group in all measurements compared with the control group, and the differences between the total mean scores for symptom experience, development, and distress between the groups were statistically significant in the third (P < .05), fourth (P < .01), and fifth (P < .05) measurements. No ginger-related side effects were noted in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Ginger tea reduced the experience, development, and distress of nausea, vomiting, and retching in the intervention group. The use of ginger tea may be recommended for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based regimens. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Oncology nurses can lead the implementation of ginger tea intervention to prevent chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting.

Levels and predictors of fear and health anxiety during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in immunocompromised and chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional correlational study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has become a clinical threat to healthy people as well as immunocompromised patients and those with pre-existing chronic diseases around the world. This study, which used a cross-sectional correlational design, aimed to assess the levels of fear and health anxiety and to investigate their predictors during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in immunocompromised and chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic and clinical data, fear of COVID-19, and health anxiety measurements were collected by online surveys from June 15 to July 15, 2020. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors. A total of 1,030 patients in 13 provinces in Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire. A significant number of patients with chronic diseases experienced considerable levels of fear and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. It was found that 21.44% of participants met the criteria for anxiety cases, and 19.4% were considered borderline anxiety cases. In regression analysis, significant predictors of fear and health anxiety were female gender, lower education, middle-aged, divorced or widowed, receiving immunosuppressants, type of chronic disease (Crohn's disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases), and media use as a source of knowledge about COVID-19. Immunocompromised and chronic disease patients are vulnerable to fear and anxiety during epidemic infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Optimizing this population's compliance with appropriate infection prevention and control strategies is crucial during the infectious outbreaks to ensure their safety, to decrease the risk of infection and serious complications, and reduce their fear and health anxiety. Effective positive psychological interventions and support strategies also need to be immediately implemented to increase psychological resilience and improve the mental health of these patients. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia need special attention from health authorities, policymakers, and healthcare professionals to manage maladaptive forms of health anxiety and fear.