RESUMO
On occasion of the annual convention of the European Society of Cardiology, general awareness was used to stage an event to inform the public about cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular disease. After the measurement of blood pressure, HDL and total cholesterol and after answering questions on smoking and medication visitors received a printout showing their individual calculated cardiovascular event rate over the next ten years. For the calculation of the expected event rate, the algorithm of the Adult Treatment Panel III was used. Of the 43,500 visitors 1513 were screened, 651 male, 862 female. Of those screened in this primary prevention setting 143 male (22.07%) and 9 female (1.02%) had an expected cardiovascular event rate of 20% or more over the next ten years requiring immediate action according to the current guidelines. The calculated risk scores are considerably lower than would be expected in a representative sample from the population. This indicates that patients with a high cardiovascular risk possibly do not take part in unstructured primary screening events.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Colesterol/sangue , Comorbidade , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Interactions between beta-catenin and LEF-1/TCF, APC and conductin/axin are essential for wnt-controlled stabilization of beta-catenin and transcriptional activation. The wnt signal transduction pathway is important in both embryonic development and tumor progression. We identify here amino acid residues in beta-catenin that distinctly affect its binding to LEF-1/TCF, APC and conductin. These residues form separate surface clusters, termed hot spots, along the armadillo superhelix of beta-catenin. We also show that complementary charged and hydrophobic amino acids are required for formation of the bipartite beta-catenin-LEF-1 transcription factor. Moreover, we demonstrate that conductin/axin binding to beta-catenin is essential for beta-catenin degradation, and that APC acts as a cofactor of conductin/axin in this process. Binding of APC to conductin/axin activates the latter and occurs between their SAMP and RGS domains, respectively.