RESUMO
White matter changes are seen in a spectrum of disorders in children and adolescents. Understanding their distribution and appearance helps to reach diagnoses in daily radiologic practice. This pictorial essay will outline the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of diseases with white matter changes including demyelinating diseases, dysmyelinating disorders/leukodystrophies, infections, autoimmune diseases, vascular causes, mitochondrial disorders and neurocutaneous syndromes, along with a brief overview of clinical aspects of the diseases such as typical age of presentation, etiology, symptoms and signs and treatment options. This article highlights important features in common white matter diseases in children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes , Leucoencefalopatias , Síndromes Neurocutâneas , Substância Branca , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Doenças Desmielinizantes/diagnóstico , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Leucoencefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/patologiaRESUMO
Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare in children. Its clinical manifestation may deviate from that observed in adult patients. We present a 14-year-old girl with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We then discuss various distinctive sonographic signs that may aid diagnosis, and we discuss differences in clinical features between children and adults [added].
Assuntos
Carcinoma Papilar/complicações , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Bócio/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/complicações , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Tireotoxicose/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Bócio/etiologia , Humanos , Tireotoxicose/etiologia , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
Gout is a common metabolic disease but spinal gout is rare. We report a case of gouty arthritis affecting the thoracic spine in a 76-year-old male patient with a long history of tophaceous gout who presented with bilateral lower limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of his thoracic spine revealed erosions in the left pedicles of T8 and T10. The initial imaging diagnosis was metastatic disease. A computed tomography-guided biopsy of the T10 lesion was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of gout. We advocate the use of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy for diagnosing spinal gout because the imaging features are non-specific, metastasis and spondylodiscitis being important mimickers.