RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mycophenolate is an immunomodulating agent successfully used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in people. Mycophenolate is an effective steroid-sparing treatment option for use in dogs with inflammatory skin diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether once-daily modified-release mycophenolate (OKV-1001) is safe and effective for treating moderate-to-severe canine AD. ANIMALS: Client-owned atopic dogs (n = 9) were enrolled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an open-label multicentre pilot study, OKV-1001 (30 mg/kg every 24 h) was given orally for ≤84 days. Concomitant tapering doses of glucocorticoids were administered up to Day (D)28. Clinicians assessed Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) on D0, D14, D28, D56 and D84. Body weight and clinical pathological parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: Treatment with OKV-1001 combined with glucocorticoids significantly reduced the severity of AD within two weeks in seven of nine (77.8%) dogs. The mean percentage change from baseline in the CADESI-04 score was 29% (p = 0.009) at D14 (n = 9), 39% (p = 0.008) at D28 (n = 9) and 49% (p = 0.03) at D56 (n = 7) at which point glucocorticoids had been withdrawn. In two dogs the improvement in CADESI-04 was 62% and 23% (respectively) on D84. No significant adverse events including clinical pathological findings were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modified-release mycophenolate (OKV-1001) may represent a promising alternative treatment option for dogs with moderate-to-severe AD. The safety and efficacy profile of OKV-1001 will need to be established in larger, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
RESUMO
The humoral immune system of reptiles is not well-studied. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this case report describes the first case of a type I allergic conjunctivitis associated with orchard grass in an African spur-thighed tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) supported by intradermal allergen testing and provocative testing. Further studies are needed to better characterize allergic reactions in reptiles.
Le système immunitaire humoral des reptiles n'est pas bien étudié. A la connaissance des auteurs, cet article décrit le premier cas de conjonctivite associé au dactyle pelotonné chez une tortue sillonée (Centrochelys sulcata) confirmé par tests allergéniques intradermiques et test de provocation. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser les réactions allergiques chez les reptiles.
El sistema inmunológico humoral de los reptiles no está bien estudiado. A entender de los autores, este artículo describe el primer caso de una conjuntivitis alérgica tipo I asociada con dáctilo (Dactylis glomerata) en una tortuga africana (Centrochelys sulcata) basado en pruebas de alérgenos intradérmicos y pruebas de provocación. Se necesitan más estudios para caracterizar mejor las reacciones alérgicas en reptiles.
O sistema imune humoral de répteis ainda não é bem estudado. De acordo com os conhecimentos dos autores, este relato descreve o primeiro caso de conjuntivite alérgica do tipo I associada a grama (Dactilys glomerata) em uma tartaruga-grega africana (Centrochelys sulcata) baseado em teste alérgico intradérmico e teste de provocação. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor se caracterizar as reações alérgicas em répteis.