[Comparison of the effects of child-centered playful companionship and pharmacological sedation in alleviating preoperative anxiety in preschool children].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of child-centered playful companionship and sedative medication in alleviating preoperative anxiety in preschool children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 825 preschool children (3-6 years) who underwent elective surgery at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from April 2021 to March 2022. The children were divided into three groups based on the preoperative anxiolytic intervention: child-centered playful companionship group (n=2 198), pharmacological sedation group (n=1 281), and no intervention group (n=346). The pharmacological sedation group received intranasal dexmedetomidine at 2 µg/kg or oral midazolam syrup at 0.5 mg/kg. The child-centered playful companionship group received care from certified preoperative sedation nurses using a child-centered playful nursing model. The no intervention group did not receive any anti-anxiety measures due to various subjective and objective reasons. Preoperative separation anxiety scores (PSAS), sedation medication usage, and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded for all children. The primary outcome was the success rate of separation based on PSAS scores across different anxiolytic intervention groups, while the secondary outcome was the Ramsay sedation score. Results: The child-centered playful companionship group included 1 462 boys and 736 girls, with a median age [M (Q1, Q3)]of 59 (49, 69) months. The pharmacological sedation group included 824 boys and 457 girls, with a median age of 52 (42, 61) months; and the no intervention group included 212 boys and 134 girls, with a median age of 57 (48, 69) months. The success rate of separation in the child-centered playful companionship group was 95.6% (2 102/2 198), and in the pharmacological sedation group was 93.8% (1 202/1 281), both significantly higher than the 43.6% (151/346) of the no intervention group (all P<0.05). Among the 1 281 children in the pharmacological sedation group, 785 received oral midazolam and 496 received intranasal dexmedetomidine. Compared to the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, the oral midazolam group was younger, had a lower body weight and a higher proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class Ⅲ (all P<0.05). The success rate of separation was 93.4% (733/785) in the oral midazolam group and 94.6% (469/496) in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.392). The Ramsay sedation score was 2 (2, 2) in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group, better than the 2 (2, 2) of the oral midazolam group (P=0.024). Conclusion: Both child-centered playful companionship and pharmacological sedation effectively alleviate preoperative anxiety in preschool children.

Emergent Majorana zero-modes in an intrinsic anti-ferromagnetic topological superconductor Mn2B2 monolayer.

Topological superconductors (TSCs) are an exotic field due to the existence of Majorana zero-modes (MZM) in the edge states that obey non-Abelian statistics and can be used to implement topological quantum computations, especially for two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we predict manganese diboride (Mn2B2) as an intrinsic 2D anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) TSC based on the magnetic and electronic structures of Mn and B atoms. Once Mn2B2 ML enters a superconducting state, MZM will be induced by the spin-polarized helical gapless edge states. The Z2 topological non-trivial properties are confirmed by Wannier charge centers (WCC) and the platform of the spin Hall conductivity near the Fermi level. Phonon-electron coupling (EPC) implies s-wave superconductivity and the critical temperature (Tc) is 6.79 K.

[Effect of laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 8 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from September 2019 to June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 5 males and 3 females,aged from 47 to 72 years old. All patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT and PET-CT before operation to accurately evaluate the tumor stage and exclude distant metastasis. Results: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with AG regimen(gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m2 and albumin bound paclitaxel 125 mg/m2) was received for 2 to 6 cycles before surgery. All 8 patients successfully completed the operation,including 5 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy,2 cases of radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(RAMPS),and 1 case of total pancreatectomy. No conversion to laparotomy or laparoscopic assisted surgery. The operation time was 240 to 450 minutes,the blood loss was 100 to 500 ml,the postoperative length of stay was 10 to 16 days. During the follow-up period up to December 31, 2020, there was 1 case suffered grade B pancreatic leakage and abdominal infection. The numbers of resected lymph nodes were 9 to 31. All patients received R0 resection. The follow-up times were 4.5 to 9.5 months. One patient underwent RAMPS was diagnosed as liver metastasis after 2 months of the operation,and the other 7 patients still survived without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and feasible in experienced pancreatic minimally invasive centers.

[Minimally invasive enucleation for benign and low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors: an analysis of 60 cases].

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive pancreatic tumor enucleation. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 60 patients with minimally invasive pancreatic tumor enucleation admitted to the Department of Pancreatic Surgery of Fudan University Cancer Center from November 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 43 females,with age of (50.0±13.2)years(range: 23 to 73 years). Tumors were located in the head of pancreas in 40 cases(66.7%),neck and tail of pancreas in 20 cases(33.3%). Patients were divided into robotic group(n=25) and laparoscopic group(n=35) according to surgical methods. The measurement data were compared by t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the categorical data were compared by χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method. The influencing factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results: All patients successfully completed tumor enucleation without conversion to laparotomy. The operation time was (183.5±67.3)minutes(range:90 to 410 minutes). Twelve patients(20.0%) underwent stent placement and pancreatic duct repair during operation. The removal time of abdominal drainage tube after operation was (24.7±22.9)days(range:2 to 113 days). The tumor diameter in the robotic group was larger than that in the laparoscopic group((3.5±0.9)cm vs. (2.9±0.7)cm,t=-2.825,P=0.006). The incidences of postoperative biochemical fistula and grade B pancreatic fistula were 20.0%,22.9% and 36.0%,51.4%,respectively(χ²=2.289,P=0.318). There were no grade C pancreatic fistula,lymphatic fistula,biliary fistula,delayed gastric emptying,secondary operation and perioperative death in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the occurrence of clinically related pancreatic fistula(above grade B). The results showed that the increase of body mass index(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.053 to 1.569,P=0.014),the larger diameter of the tumor(OR=3.703,95%CI:1.465 to 9.360,P=0.006) and intraoperative pancreatic duct repair(OR=7.889,95%CI:1.471 to 42.296,P=0.016) were independent risk factors,whereas robotic surgery(OR=0.168,95%CI:0.036 to 0.796,P=0.025) was a protective factor. No case of pancreatin dependent dyspepsia and new onset diabetes mellitus was observed. Conclusions: Minimally invasive tumor enucleation is feasible in the treatment of benign and low-grade pancreatic tumors. The incidence of pancreatic fistula is high in the short term after operation,but serious complications are rare. The robot assisted system can reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula and has more advantages in dealing with larger diameter tumors because of clearer surgical vision and more accurate operation.

UV response characteristics of mixed-phase MgZnO thin films with different structure distributions, high Iuv/Idark ratios, and fast speed MgZnO UV detectors with tunneling breakdown mechanisms.

High-performance ultraviolet (UV) detectors with both high responses and fast speeds are hard to make on homogeneous crystal semiconductor materials. Here, the UV response characteristics of mixed-phase MgZnO thin films with different internal structure distributions are studied. The mixed-phase MgZnO-based detector with the given crystal composition has a high response at both deep UV light (96 A W-1 at 240 nm) and near UV light (80 A W-1 at 335 nm). Meanwhile, because of the quasi-tunneling breakdown mechanism within the device, the high-response UV detector also shows a fast response speed (tr = 0.11 µs) and recovery speed (td1 = 26 µs) at deep UV light, which is much faster than both low-response mixed-phase MgZnO-based UV detectors with other structure constitutions and reported high-response UV devices on homogenous crystal materials. The Idark of the device is just 4.27 pA under a 5 V bias voltage, so the signal-to-noise ratio of the device reached 23852 at 5.5 uW cm-2 235 nm UV light. The new quasi-tunneling breakdown mechanism is observed in some mixed-phase MgZnO thin films that contain both c-MgZnO and h-MgZnO parts, which introduce a high response, signal-to-noise ratio, and fast speed into mixed-phase MgZnO-based UV detectors at weak deep UV light.

Integrative transcriptomic and genomic analysis of odorant binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in aphids.

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play essential roles in insect chemosensory recognition. Here, we identified nine OBPs and nine CSPs from the Myzus persicae transcriptome and genome. Genomic structure analysis showed that the number and length of the introns are much higher, and this appears to be a unique feature of aphid OBP genes. Three M. persicae OBP genes (OBP3/7/8) as well as CSP1/4/6, CSP2/9 and CSP5/8 are tandem arrayed in the genome. Phylogenetic analyses of five different aphid species suggest that aphid OBPs and CSPs are conserved in single copy across all aphids (with occasional losses), indicating that each OBP and CSP class evolved from a single gene in the common ancestor of aphids without subsequent duplication. Motif pattern analysis revealed that aphid OBP and CSP motifs are highly conserved, and this could suggest the conserved functions of aphid OBPs and CSPs. Three OBPs (MperOBP6/7/10) are expressed antennae specifically, and five OBPs (MperOBP2/4/5/8/9) are expressed antennae enriched, consistent with their putative olfactory roles. M. persicae CSPs showed much broader expression profiles in nonsensory organs than OBPs. None of the nine MperCSPs were found to be antennae specific, but five of them (MperCSP1/2/4/5/6) showed higher expression levels in the legs than in other tissues. MperCSP10 mainly expressed in the antennae and legs. The broad and diverse expression patterns of M. persicae CSPs suggest their multifunctions in olfactory perception, development and other processes.

[The clinical significance of CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+) T lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia/Evans syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the significant of peripheral CD(4)(+) CD(69)(+) T lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)/Evans syndrome (ES). Methods: In this study peripheral blood samples from 32 patients with AIHA/ES (15 hemolytic episode patients, 17 remission patients) and 13 healthy controls were collected. Patients with AIHA/ES were recruited in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from October 2015 to May 2016. The percentages of CD(69)(+) T lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of CD(69) mRNA in CD(4)(+) T lymphocytes which was sorted from peripheral blood by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was detected using real-time PCR. Soluable CD(69) was measured by ELISA. Results: In hemolytic episode patients, the ratio of CD(3)(+)CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+)T lymphocytes [(3.08±1.48)%] was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(1.28±0.83)%, P<0.01] and in remission group[(1.96±1.33)%, P<0.05]. The absolute count of CD(3)(+)CD(69)(+)T lymphocytes in hemolytic episode group [(2.94±1.81)×10(7)/L] was higher than that in healthy controls [(1.48±1.42)×10(7)/L, P<0.05]. The ratio of CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)T cells in hemolytic episode group [(2.16±1.56)%] was significantly higher than that in remission group [(1.16±0.62)%, P<0.05] and healthy controls[(0.94±0.78)%, P<0.05]. The quantity of CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+)T lymphocytes in hemolytic episode group[(1.04±0.98)×10(7)/L] was higher than in healthy controls [(0.44±0.38)×10(7)/L, P<0.05]. The ratio of CD(3)(+)CD(8)(+)CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+)CD(8)(+)T lymphocyte in hemolytic episode group [(4.87±2.56)%] was significantly higher than that in healthy controls[(1.83±1.27)%, P<0.01]. The quantity of CD(3)(+)CD(8)(+)CD(69)(+)T lymphocytes in three groups did not show significant difference. The ratio of CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+) T lymphocytes in hemolytic episode group was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (Hb) (P<0.01) , positively correlated with the percentage of reticulocytes (Ret%) (P=0.01) total bilirubin(TBil), indirect bilirubin(IBil) (P<0.01) and not correlated with absolute reticulocytes count, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), complement 3(C3), complement 4 (C4). The ratio of CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+)CD(4)(+)T lymphocytes in remission group was negatively correlated with Hb (P<0.05). In hemolytic episode patients CD(69) mRNA (32.26±35.11) was significantly higher than that in remission group(6.05±5.87) (P<0.05) and healthy controls (1.76±1.85)(P<0.01). CD(69) mRNA in remission group was significantly higher than healthy controls (P<0.05). Serum CD(69) in hemolytic episode patients [(494.21±16.06) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(441.39±104.6) ng/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the proportion of CD(4)(+)CD(69)(+) T lymphocytes increase in AIHA/ES patients, which is correlated with the severity of disease.

[Dynamic investigation of nutritional risk in patients with malignant tumor during hospitalization].

Objective: To prospectively investigate the changes in nutritional status of patients with malignant tumors during hospitalization by using nutritional risk screening (NRS2002), and to analyze the correlation between the nutritional status and clinical outcomes . Methods: This was a prospective and parallel research done by multi-center collaboration from 34 hospitals in China from June to September 2014.Hospitalized patients with malignant tumors inthese departments (Department of Gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, oncology, general surgery, thoracic surgery and geriatrics)were investigated. Only the patients with age≥ 18 years and hospitalization time between 7-30 days were included. During hospitalization, the physical indexes of human bodywere measured, and the NRS 2002 scores, and monitored the nutritional support at the time points of admission and 24 hours before discharge were recorded.And whether there was a nutritional risk in hospitalized patients and its association with clinical outcomes were investigated. Results: A total of 2 402 patients with malignancies were enrolled in this study. Seventy fourpatients who did not complete NRS2002 were eliminated, and 2 328 patients were included. The number of the main diseases was the top five, including 587 cases of colorectal cancer, 567 cases of lung cancer, 564 cases of gastric cancer, 146 cases of esophageal cancer, and 119 cases of liver tumor. At the time of discharge, compared with admission, the BMI, body weight, grip and calf circumferences of patients with malignant tumor were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The total protein, albumin, prealbumin and hemoglobin were significantly lower than those at admission (P<0.05). In 2 328 patients who were completed nutritional risk screening, the rate of malnutrition at admission was 11.1% (BMI =18.5, 258/2 328) and the rate of malnutrition at discharge was 10.9% (BMI =18.5, 254/2 328), there were no significant differences (χ(2)=0.019 7, P=0.888). There were 1 204 patients with nutritional risk at admission (51.7%, NRS2002 score≥3)and 1 352 patients with nutritional risk at discharge (58.1%, NRS2002 score≥3), with significant differences (χ(2)=49.9, P<0.001). The incidence of nutritional risk in patients with colorectal, stomach, and lung tumors at discharge was significantly higher than that at admission (P<0.05). The infective complications and other complications of patients with nutritional risk were significantly greater than those without nutritional risk at admission and at discharge.ICU hospitalization stay of patients with nutritional risk was increased significantly than those without nutritional risk at admission(P=0.042). Hospitalization expenses of patients with nutritional risk was increased significantly than those of patients without nutritional risk at discharge(P<0.01). Conclusion: The patients with malignant tumor have a higher incidence rate of malnutrition at both admission and discharge and malnutritionhas correlation with adverse clinical outcomes.The aboveindicators did not improve significantly at discharge.Doctors should pay more attention to the nutritional status (screening and evaluation)of patients before discharge and use appropriate and adequate nutrition support in order to prevent the weight loss and improve the life quality of patients.

Comprehensive utilization of the pyrolysis products from sewage sludge.

Bio-oils were produced from pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a horizontal tubular furnace under the anoxic or anaerobic conditions, by varying operating parameters and moisture content (MC) of the feedstock. Physicochemical properties of the obtained bio-oil (such as density, acid value, kinematical viscosity, high heating value and flash point) were analysed and compared with Chinese fuel standards. Tend, RT and ß were found critical to control the yield and physico-chemical properties of bio-oil products. The relative importance of various parameters such as Tend, RT, ß and MC was determined and the optimum values for the lowest kinematic viscosity and acid value and the highest yield of the bio-oil were achieved using the orthogonal matrix method. The parameters 550°C, 45 min, 5°C min(-1) and MC of 10% were found effective in producing the bio-oils with most of the desirable physico-chemical properties and yield. Benefit analysis was conducted to further optimize the operating parameters, considering pyrolysis treatment, comprehensive utilization of the pyrolysis products and final disposal of sewage sludge; the results showed the best economy of the pyrolysis parameters 450°C, 75 min, 3°C min(-1) and MC of 10%. The char obtained under this condition may serve as a microporous liquid adsorbent, while the bio-oil may serve as a low grade fuel oil after upgrading it with conventional fuel oil and deacidification. Pyrolysis products may become economically competitive in addition to being environment friendly.

[Summary of the best evidence on exercise for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot].

Objective: To summarize the best evidence on exercise for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot. Methods: A bibliometric approach was used. Systematic searches were carried out to retrieve all the publicly published evidences till July 2022 on exercise for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot, including guidelines, evidence summary, recommended practices, expert consensus, systematic review, and original research, from foreign language databases including BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Guideline International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine disc, China Clinical Guidelines Library, and the official websites of relevant academic organizations including National Institute for Health and Care Excellence of the United Kingdom, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario of Canada, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, International Diabetes Federation, American College of Sports Medicine, American Diabetes Association, and Chinese Diabetes Society. The literature was screened and evaluated for the quality, from which the evidences were extracted and evaluated to summarize the best evidences. Results: Nine guidelines, three expert consensuses, one evidence summary (with two systematic reviews being traced), two systematic reviews, 6 randomized controlled trials were retrieved and included, with good quality of literature. Totally 33 pieces of best evidences on exercise for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot were summarized from the aspects of appropriate exercise prevention of diabetic foot, exercise therapy of diabetic foot, precautions for exercise, health education, and establishment of a multidisciplinary limb salvage team. Conclusions: Totally 33 pieces of best evidences on exercise for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot were summarized from 5 aspects, providing decision-making basis for clinical guidance on exercise practice for patients with diabetic foot.

[Construction and preliminary validation of a risk prediction model for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetic patients].

Objective: To develop a risk prediction model for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in diabetic patients and primarily validate its predictive value. Methods: Meta-analysis combined with retrospective cohort study was conducted. The Chinese and English papers on risk factors related to DFU recurrence publicly published in China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and the search time was from the establishment date of each database until March 31st, 2022. The papers were screened and evaluated, the data were extracted, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 statistical software to screen risk factors for DFU recurrence, and Egger's linear regression was used to assess the publication bias of the study results. Risk factors for DFU recurrence mentioned in ≥3 studies and with statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis were selected as the independent variables to develop a logistic regression model for risk prediction of DFU recurrence. The medical records of 101 patients with DFU who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2019 to June 2022 were collected. There were 69 males and 32 females, aged (63±14) years. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the predictive performance of the above constructed predictive model for DFU recurrence was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve, maximum Youden index, and sensitivity and specificity at the point were calculated. Dataset including data of 8 risk factors for DFU recurrence and the DFU recurrence rates of 10 000 cases was simulated using RStudio software and a scatter plot was drawn to determine two probabilities for risk division of DFU recurrence. Using the ß coefficients corresponding to 8 DFU recurrence risk factors ×10 and taking the integer as the score of coefficient weight of each risk factor, the total score was obtained by summing up, and the cutoff scores for risk level division were calculated based on the total score × two probabilities for risk division of DFU recurrence. Results: Finally, 20 papers were included, including 3 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies, with a total of 4 238 cases and DFU recurrence rate of 22.7% to 71.2%. Meta-analysis showed that glycosylated hemoglobin >7.5% and with plantar ulcer, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, smoking, osteomyelitis, history of amputation/toe amputation, and multidrug-resistant bacterial infection were risk factors for the recurrence of DFU (with odds ratios of 3.27, 3.66, 4.05, 3.94, 1.98, 7.17, 11.96, 3.61, 95% confidence intervals of 2.79-3.84, 2.06-6.50, 2.50-6.58, 2.65-5.84, 1.65-2.38, 2.29-22.47, 4.60-31.14, 3.13-4.17, respectively, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in publication biases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, glycosylated hemoglobin >7.5%, plantar ulcer, smoking, multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, or osteomyelitis (P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in the publication bias of amputation/toe amputation (t=-30.39, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model was 0.81 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.71-0.91) and the maximum Youden index was 0.59, at which the sensitivity was 72% and the specificity was 86%. Ultimately, 29.0% and 44.8% were identified respectively as the cutoff for dividing the probability of low risk and medium risk, and medium risk and high risk for DFU recurrence, while the corresponding total scores of low, medium, and high risks of DFU recurrence were <37, 37-57, and 58-118, respectively. Conclusions: Eight risk factors for DFU recurrence are screened through meta-analysis and the risk prediction model for DFU recurrence is developed, which has moderate predictive accuracy and can provide guidance for healthcare workers to take interventions for patient with DFU recurrence risk.

Killing of total heterotrophic bacteria using the gas diffusion electrode system.

This study focused on the disinfection of dual electrodes with a gas diffusion cathode using total heterotrophic bacteria as indicator microorganisms. Batch tests were performed to study the effects of platinum load W(Pt) and the pore-forming agent content WNH4HCO3 in gas diffusion electrodes on the germicidal efficacy eta and H2O2 yield. The results showed that the disinfection improved with W(Pt), but its efficiency at W(Pt) of 3 per thousand was equivalent to W(Pt) of 4 per thousand. The right amount of the pore-forming agent improved disinfection. Continuous tests were performed to study residence times (RTs), pH and oxygen flow rates Qo2 on the germicidal efficacy and H2O2 yield. The results indicated that at the steady state total heterotrophic bacteria in the outlet stream were completely inactivated under our experimental conditions. Disinfection improved with increasing RT. This phenomenon was more significant when RT < 20 min. A drop in pH value resulted in the rapid rise of germicidal efficacy, while disinfection shortened with an increasing oxygen flow rate Qo2. The operating costs are high. Further research is required to fully understand all parameters and reduce operating costs.

[Development and application of the world's first malaria subunit vaccine RTS, S/AS01].

On October, 2021, the WHO announced the recommendation of RTS, S/AS01 for use among children living in moderately and highly malaria-endemic areas, which receives global attention. Here, the history of RTS, S/AS01 vaccine development and its role in malaria control are described.

[Effects of nitroquine on the development of Plasmodium yoelii at different stages in Anopheles stephensi].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nitroquine on the development of different stages of Plasmodium yoelii in Anopheles stephensi. METHODS: An. stephensi mosquitoes were fed with conventional sucrose water or sucrose water containing 100 µmol/L nitroquine one day prior to P. yoelii infection. Following starvation for 24 hours, mosquitoes were fed with the blood of Kunming mice infected with P. yoelii, and the number of oocysts was observed in the stomach of An. stephensi. After 6 days and 14 days of infection, the mosquitoes were starved for 24 hours, and then fed with conventional sucrose water or nitroquine treated sucrose water. The An. stephensi mosquitoes were starved for 24 hours 6 and 14 days post-infection with P. yoelii, and then fed with conventional sucrose water or nitroquine-containing sucrose water, the numbers of P. yoelii sporozoites were examined in the hemolymph and salivary glands of An. stephensi. RESULTS: Following exposure to nitroquine-containing sucrose water one day prior to P. yoelii infections, the number of P. yoelii oocysts was significantly lower in the An. stephensi stomach on day 7 (119.2 ± 16.1 vs. 207.3 ± 21.8; t = 3.207, P < 0.05). After conventional sucrose water was ceased for 24 hours on day 6, and An. stephensi was fed with nitroquine-containing sucrose water, the number of P. yoelii sporozoites peaked in the hemolymph on day 14 in the nitroquine treatment group (952.3 ± 22.7) and on day 12 in the sucrose water treatment group (1 287.0 ± 39.0), and there was a significant difference in the number of sporozoites in the salivary glands between the nitroquine treatment group and the sucrose water treatment group (9 467.0 ± 1 304.0 vs. 10 533.0 ± 758.7; t = 0.707, P = 0.506) on day 17. After conventional sucrose water was ceased for 24 hours on day 14, and An. stephensi was fed with nitroquine-containing sucrose water, the number of sporozoites in the salivary glands was significantly greater in the nitroquine treatment group than in the sucrose water treatment group (21 900.0 ± 2 613.0 vs. 10 533.0 ± 732.3; t = 4.188, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nitroquine treatment exhibits diverse effects the development of different stages of P. yoelii, and nitroquine treatment may reduce the transmission of P. yoelii in uninfected An. stephensi.

MiR-124 affects the apoptosis of brain vascular endothelial cells and ROS production through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The article "MiR-124 affects the apoptosis of brain vascular endothelial cells and ROS production through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, by S.-W. Wang, L.-X. Deng, H.-Y. Chen, Z.-Q. Su, S.-L. Ye, W.-Y. Xu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (2): 498-505-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201801_14201-PMID: 29424909" has been withdrawn from the authors due to inaccuracies (there are some errors and incorrect data). The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/14201.

Killing of Escherichia coli using the gas diffusion electrode system.

To be best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first investigations to be performed into the potential benefits of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) system in controlling inactivation of E. coli. This study mainly focused on the dual electrodes disinfection with gas diffusion cathode, using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganisms. The effects of Pt load W(Pt) and the pore-forming agent content W(NH(4)HCO(3)) in GDE, operating conditions such as pH value, oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)), salt content and current density on the disinfection were investigated, respectively. The experimental results showed that the disinfection improved with increasing Pt load W(Pt), but its efficiency at Pt load of 3 per thousand was equivalent to that at Pt load of 4 per thousand. Addition of the pore-forming agent in the appropriate amount improved the disinfection while drop of pH value resulted in the rapid rise of the germicidal efficacy and the disinfection shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)). The system is more suitable for highly salt water. The germicidal efficacy increased with current density. However, the accelerating rate was different: it first increased with the current density, then decreased, and reached a maximum at current density of 6.7-8.3 mA/cm(2). The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was about the same as in the anode compartment indicating the contribution of direct oxidation and indirect treatment of E. coli by the hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H(2)O(2). This technology is expensive in operating cost, further research is required to advance the understanding and reduce the operating cost of this technology.

SP1-induced lncRNA LINC00689 overexpression contributes to osteosarcoma progression via the miR-655/SOX18 axis.

OBJECTIVE: Many findings have demonstrated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial regulatory molecules in the progression of osteosarcoma. The aim of this study was to explore the roles and mechanisms of LncRNA LINC00689 (LINC00689) in osteosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Differential levels of LINC00689 and miR-655 in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines were analyzed by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The associations between LINC00689 expression and prognostic significance of osteosarcoma patients were analyzed using a series of statistical assays. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays were performed to investigate the role of LINC00689 in proliferation and metastasis in vitro. Bioinformatic assays, Luciferase report assays, and rescue assays were applied to illustrate the ceRNA mechanism network of LINC00689/miR-655/SOX18. RESULTS: We found that LINC00689 expression was distinctly upregulated in osteosarcoma specimens and cell lines. MiR-655 displayed a trend of remarkably decreased expression in osteosarcoma tissues. In addition, we showed that LINC00689 could specifically interact with the promoter of SP1 and activate LINC00689 transcription. Further clinical studies indicated that higher levels of LINC00689 were associated with advanced clinical stage, positively distant metastasis, and unfavorable clinical outcome. Functional studies revealed that the knockdown of LINC00689 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, and promoted apoptosis. Final mechanistic investigations confirmed that upregulation of LINC00689 competitively bound to miR-655 that prevented SOX18 from miRNA-mediated degradation, thus facilitating osteosarcoma progression. CONCLUSIONS: All our findings suggested that SP1-induced upregulation of LINC00689 promoted osteosarcoma progression by regulating miR-655/ SOX18 axis, which provided a novel insight for osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.

Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 promotes metastasis of ovarian cancer via inhibiting KLF6.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 promotes metastasis of ovarian cancer via inhibiting KLF6, by F.-F. Guo, M.-M. Jiang, L.-L. Hong, B. Qiao, X.-M. Lin, W.-Y. Xu, X.-Q. Fu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (6): 2360-2365-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17380-PMID: 30964160" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17380.

Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 promotes metastasis of ovarian cancer via inhibiting KLF6.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted much attention for their roles in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the exact role of lncRNA OR3A4 in the development of ovarian cancer (OC), and to explore the possible underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: OR3A4 expression in OC tissue samples was detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the effect of OR3A4 on the metastasis of OC. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was explored by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. RESULTS: The expression level of OR3A4 in OC samples was significantly higher than that of adjacent tissues. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were significantly repressed after OR3A4 knockdown in vitro. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) were remarkably upregulated after knockdown of OR3A4. Furthermore, the expression level of KLF6 was negatively correlated with the expression of OR3A4 in OC tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that OR3A4 could enhance OC cell metastasis and invasion via suppressing KLF6. Moreover, OR3A4 might be a potential therapeutic target for OC.