RESUMO
This study examined how sexual attraction varied across age, gender of participant, and gender of romantic partner, from adolescence to early adulthood. Comparisons between same-sex and both-sex attracted individuals were of particular interest. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), we examined the responses of participants who reported experiencing same-sex attractions or both-sex attractions at least once within four waves (n = 1889). Results indicated that same-sex attractions became more stable over time, whereas both-sex attraction remained unstable even into adulthood. Compared with males, females were less stable in same-sex attraction, but more stable in both-sex attraction. The majority of people who reported same-sex attraction did not report having a same-sex romantic partner before they entered adulthood, and those who reported a same-sex romantic partner were more likely to maintain their same-sex attraction than those who did not. As males got older, the gender of their romantic partner tended to become more consistent with their sexual attraction. However, for females, the consistency between the gender of their romantic partner and sexual attraction did not change over time.
Assuntos
Bissexualidade/psicologia , Homossexualidade Feminina/psicologia , Homossexualidade Masculina/psicologia , Autoimagem , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Autorrelato , Atrativos Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Within the time-nonlocal quantum master equation description, we develop an efficient method for calculating the noise spectrum of transport current through interacting mesoscopic systems. By introducing proper current-related density operators, we propose a practical and very efficient time-local equation of motion implementation to compute the noise spectrum, which contains the full information of emission and absorption. We obtain an analytical expression to characterize the nonequilibrium transport including Coulomb interaction and memory effect. We demonstrate the proposed method with double quantum dots systems and find good agreement with the exact results, whenever the system-reservoir coupling is smaller than the temperature.
Assuntos
Ruído , Teoria Quântica , Temperatura , Movimento (Física)Assuntos
Parada Cardíaca/enfermagem , Adulto , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , AutorrelatoRESUMO
Married adults show better psychological adjustment and physical health than their separated/divorced or never-married counterparts. However, this apparent "marriage benefit" may be due to social selection, social causation, or both processes. Genetically informed research designs offer critical advantages for helping to disentangle selection from causation by controlling for measured and unmeasured genetic and shared environmental selection. Using young-adult twin and sibling pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Harris, 2009), we conducted genetically informed analyses of the association between entry into marriage, cohabitation, or singlehood and multiple indices of psychological and physical health. The relation between physical health and marriage was completely explained by nonrandom selection. For internalizing behaviors, selection did not fully explain the benefits of marriage or cohabitation relative to being single, whereas for externalizing symptoms, marriage predicted benefits over cohabitation. The genetically informed approach provides perhaps the strongest nonexperimental evidence that these observed effects are causal.
Assuntos
Sintomas Comportamentais/genética , Estado Civil , Casamento , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/genética , Sintomas Comportamentais/etiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/genética , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Casamento/psicologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Irmãos , Ideação Suicida , Gêmeos/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Large numbers of infants and toddlers have parents who live apart due to separation, divorce, or nonmarital/noncohabiting child-bearing, yet this important topic, especially the controversial issue of frequent overnights with nonresidential parents, is understudied. The authors analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal investigation of children born to primarily low-income, racial/ethnic minority parents that is representative of 20 U.S. cities with populations over 200,000. Among young children whose parents lived apart, 6.9% of infants (birth to age 1) and 5.3% of toddlers (ages 1 to 3) spent an average of at least 1 overnight per week with their nonresident parent. An additional 6.8% of toddlers spent 35% - 70% of overnights with nonresident parents. Frequent overnights were significantly associated with attachment insecurity among infants, but the relationship was less clear for toddlers. Attachment insecurity predicted adjustment problems at ages 3 and 5, but frequent overnights were not directly linked with adjustment problems at older ages.