Hydrophilic-Oleophobic, Macroporous Polymers Enabled by In-Situ Polymerization and Foaming for Removing Water from Oils.

Porous polymers with hydrophilicity and oleophobicity are promising for removing water from various oil-water mixtures (including emulsions), but the preparation of such polymers is usually complicated and time-consuming. Herein, a novel stragey, in situ polymerization and foaming, has been developed to fabricate hydrophilic-oleophobic porous polymers in a facile manner within seconds. The porous polymers from pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate showed hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity, enabling the removal of water from oil-water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized, water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, with a high efficiency of 99.9% and excellent reusability, without obvious deterioation after 10 cycles. With incorporatin of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate, the resulting porous polymers showed hydrophilicity and oleophobicty in air, providing an additional function of antioil-fouling ability both in dry state and in the process of oil-water separation. Moreover, both the two types of the porous polymers showed robust compression, without fracture and changes in wetting property after cycles of compression at 70% strain and high fatigue-resistant elasticity, without obvious plastic deformation after 1000 compression-release cycles. The facile and rapid preparation, hydrophiclity-oleophobicity, and robustness in compression and elasticity enabled the porous polymers to be good candidates for removing water from various oil-water mixtures.

High Conductivity, Semiconducting, and Metallic PEDOT:PSS Electrode for All-Plastic Solar Cells.

Plastic electrodes are desirable for the rapid development of flexible organic electronics. In this article, a plastic electrode has been prepared by employing traditional conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and plastic substrate polyethersulfone (PES). The completed electrode (Denote as HC-PEDOT:PSS) treated by 80% concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) possesses a high electrical conductivity of over 2673 S/cm and a high transmittance of over 90% at 550 nm. The high conductivity is attributed to the regular arrangement of PEDOT molecules, which has been proved by the X-ray diffraction characterization. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurement reveals that the HC-PEDOT:PSS possesses both semiconducting and metallic properties. The binding force and effects between the PEDOT and PEI are investigated in detail. All plastic solar cells with a classical device structure of PES/HC-PEDOT:PSS/PEI/P3HT:ICBA/EG-PEDOT:PSS show a PCE of 4.05%. The ITO-free device with a structure of Glass/HC-PEDOT:PSS/Al4083/PM6:Y6/PDINO/Ag delivers an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.81 V, short-circuit current (JSC ) of 23.5 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 0.67 and a moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%. The above results demonstrate the HC-PEDOT:PSS electrode is a promising candidate for all-plastic solar cells and ITO-free organic solar cells.

2D Bismuth@N-Doped Carbon Sheets for Ultrahigh Rate and Stable Potassium Storage.

Metallic Bi, as an alloying-type anode material, has demonstrated tremendous potential for practical application of potassium-ion batteries. However, the giant volume expansion, severe structure pulverization, and sluggish dynamics of Bi-based materials result in unsatisfied rate performance and unstable cycling stability. Here, 2D bismuth@N-doped carbon sheets with BiOC bond and internal void space (2D Bi@NOC) are successfully fabricated via a self-template strategy to address these issues, which own ultrafast electrochemical kinetics and impressive long-term cycling stability for delivering an admirable capacity of 341.7 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g-1 and impressive rate capability of 220.6 mAh g-1 at 50 A g-1 . Particularly, the in situ transmission electron microscopy observations visualize the real-time alloying/dealloying process and reveal that plastic carbon shell and void space can availably relieve dramatic volume stress and powerfully maintain structural integrity. Density functional theory calculation and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy test certify that the robust BiOC bond is thermodynamically and kinetically beneficial for adsorption/diffusion of K+ . This work will light on designing advanced high-performance energy materials and provide important evidence for understanding the energy storage mechanism of alloy-based materials.

Non-Fluorine Oil Repellency: How Low the Intrinsic Wetting Threshold Can Be for Roughness-Induced Contact Angle Amplification?

Surface chemistries for realizing oil repellency are mostly based on perfluoro compounds (PFCs) owing to their low surface energy. However, PFCs are not sustainable because of their persistent and bioaccumulative properties, and their usage, even short-chain ones, has begun to be phased out. To date, studies on non-fluorine oil repellency have been extremely rare, and the obtained oil repellency has been limited. Here, we report the non-fluorine oil repellency of a coating prepared on a tightly woven plain-weave fabric through hydrolysis and polycondensation of difunctional chlorosilane. The coated fabric exhibited a contact angle of 119.0° for castor oil and 81.4° for hexadecane, as well as a contact angle of 51.9° for decane with a surface tension as low as γLV = 23.5 mN m-1. According to the standard ISO 14419:2010, oil repellency was rated Grade 6. The solid surface tension of the coating was calculated to be γSV = 22.1 mN m-1. Through the test of the difference in contact angles between rough and smooth surfaces, the intrinsic wetting threshold (θIWT) for such a surface chemistry was determined to be ranging from 8.9 to 14.5°. A study on the effects of surface morphologies suggests that the realization of an oil-repellency rating of 6 and a θIWT as low as 8.9-14.5° strongly depends on the roughness topographies. We hope that this study will be useful for the design─and our understanding─of non-fluorine oil repellency for applications including stain-resistant textiles and grease-resistant food packaging.

Emulsion-Templated, Magnetic, Hydrophilic-Oleophobic Composites for Controlled Water Removal.

Emulsion-templated, hydrophilic-oleophobic porous materials are promising for the removal of a small amount of water from oil-water mixtures, but the maneuver and complete collection of these porous materials are challenging. Herein, we report the fabrication of magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites from reactive Fe3O4 nanoparticle-stabilized high internal phase emulsions through simultaneous bulk polymerization of water-soluble monomers and interface-catalyzed polycondensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. The resulting composites were hydrophilic-oleophobic, with water droplets rapidly absorbed (within 20 s), and exhibited designable magnetic responsiveness. The hydrophilicity-oleophobicity enabled water to be removed through selective absorption from oil-water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions), with a high separation rate over 99%. The magnetic-responsiveness enabled both the dry and the swollen composites to be maneuvered in a remote and contactless manner and to be fully collected. Therefore, the magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites are excellent candidates for the removal of water from water-oil mixtures with complete collection.

Substituent Dependence on Series of Cationic Gyroidal MOFs in utc-c Topology with High CO2 Affinity and Ultrahigh Anionic Dye Adsorption Capacity.

A substituent decorating strategy for modification of the functional cavity is of great importance in the design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, three new isostructural cationic MOFs, [Cu3(Xpip)2]·NO3·nH2O (Xpip stands for X-substituted phenylimidazophenanthroline, where X = adm (SCNU-2), f (SCNU-3), and none for SCNU-4), have been successfully synthesized and shown gyroidal utc-c topology and large pore sizes which can be adjusted by different substituents (-N(CH3)2, -F, and -H). Interestingly, the differences of the substituents (sizes and proton donor/acceptor) show essential effects on the adsorption abilities of carbon dioxide and dyes, where SCNU-4 exhibits the highest CO2 affinity and the biggest adsorption capacity for anionic dyes Fluorescein Sodium, and SCNU-3 adsorbs the largest amount (1503.6 mg/g) of Acid Fuchsin to date for the reported porous materials. The detailed studies in adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and theoretical calculation of the binding energies between the structures and dye molecules confirm that the electric properties of the frameworks (cationic) and substituents directed to the pore surface are two important factors dramatically affecting the selective dye adsorption.

Recent Advances in Sensors for Fire Detection.

Fire is indeed one of the major contributing factors to fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption. A large number of fire incidents across the world cause devastation beyond measure and description every year. To minimalize their impacts, the implementation of innovative and effective fire early warning technologies is essential. Despite the fact that research publications on fire detection technology have addressed the issue to some extent, fire detection technology still confronts hurdles in decreasing false alerts, improving sensitivity and dynamic responsibility, and providing protection for costly and complicated installations. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current futuristic practices in the context of fire detection and monitoring strategies, with an emphasis on the methods of detecting fire through the continuous monitoring of variables, such as temperature, flame, gaseous content, and smoke, along with their respective benefits and drawbacks, measuring standards, and parameter measurement spans. Current research directions and challenges related to the technology of fire detection and future perspectives on fabricating advanced fire sensors are also provided. We hope such a review can provide inspiration for fire sensor research dedicated to the development of advanced fire detection techniques.

Alloyed BiSb Nanoparticles Confined in Tremella-Like Carbon Microspheres for Ultralong-Life Potassium Ion Batteries.

Bismuth-antimony alloy is considered as a promising potassium ion battery anode because of its combination of the high theoretical capacity of antimony and the excellent rate capacity of bismuth. However, the large volume change and sluggish reaction kinetic upon cycling have triggered severe capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, a nanoconfined BiSb in tremella-like carbon microspheres (BiSb@TCS) are delicately designed to address these issues. As-prepared BiSb@TCS renders an outstanding potassium-storage performance with a reversible capacity of 181 mAh g-1 after ultralong 5700 cycles at a current density of 2 A g-1 , and an excellent rate capacity of 119.3 mAh g-1 at 6 A g-1 . Such a superior performance can be ascribed to the delicate microstructure. The self-assembled carbon microspheres can strengthen integral structure and effectively accommodate the volume expansion of BiSb nanoparticles, and 2D carbon nanowalls in carbon microspheres can provide fast ion/electron diffusion dynamic. Theoretical calculation also suggests a thermodynamic feasibility of alloyed BiSb nanoparticles for storing potassium ion. Such a work shows that BiSb@TCS possesses a great potential to be a high-performance anode of potassium ion batteries. The rational designing of multiscaled structure would be instructive to the exploitation of other energy-storage materials.

Emulsion-templated porous polymers: drying condition-dependent properties.

Macroporous materials templated using high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are promising for various applications. To date, new strategies to create emulsion-templated porous materials and to tune their properties (especially wetting properties) are still highly required. Here, we report the fabrication of macroporous polymers from oil-in-water HIPEs, bereft of conventional monomers and crosslinking monomers, by simultaneous ring-opening polymerization and interface-catalyzed condensation, without heating or removal of oxygen. The resulting macroporous polymers showed drying condition-dependent wetting properties (e.g., hydrophilicity-oleophilicity from freezing drying, hydrophilicity-oleophobicity from vacuum drying, and amphiphobicity from heat drying), densities (from 0.019 to 0.350 g cc-1), and compressive properties. Hydrophilic-oleophilic and amphiphobic porous polymers turned hydrophilic-oleophobic simply by heating and protonation, respectively. The hydrophilic-oleophobic porous polymers could remove a small amount of water from oil-water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions) by selective absorption and could remove water-soluble dyes from oil-water mixtures. Moreover, the transition in wetting properties enabled the removal of water and dyes in a controlled manner. The feature that combines simply preparation, tunable wetting properties and densities, robust compression, high absorption capacity (rate) and controllable absorption makes the porous polymers to be excellent candidates for the removal of water and water-soluble dyes from oil-water mixtures.

Theoretical Studies on the Structures of Metal String Complexes Crn(L)4Cl2 (n = 3, 5, 7; L = Oligo-α-Pyridylamide) under the Effect of an Electric Field.

To study the electronic structures and properties of [Crn(L)4Cl2] (n = 3, L = dpa: di(2-pyridyl)amido; n = 5, L = tpda: tripyridyldiamido; n = 7, L = teptra: tetrapyridyltriamine) metal string complexes, the BP86 method was used by considering the influence of the electric field (EF) applied parallel to the metal axis. As the EF increases, the migration of more positively charged Crodd is more significant than that of Creven, which results in alternating long-short Cr-Cr bonds. This happens because of the natural charges on the Crodd of 1-3, which are more electropositive than those on Creven. The electrons are pulled to the Cr and Cl(r) atoms at the high-potential side from Cl(l) at the low-potential side by the EF, which leads to asymmetrical FMOs. After the critical electric field (Ec), the configuration turns into a remarkably asymmetric one with alternating Cr-Cr quadruple bonds and weak interactions. The electrons are transferred from equatorial ligands (L) to metal chains. In the meantime, the asymmetry of the FMOs increases and the delocalization is further reduced, which affects the conductivity. Especially for [Cr7(teptra)4Cl2], the delocalized electrons of HOMO are completely transformed into a localized model after the critical electric field. It is observed that this supports the electric switching phenomenon ascribed to the conformations of delocalized and localized electrons. In addition, the longer the length of the metal chain, the smaller the Ec and the easier is for the complexes to be polarized by the EF.

Interface-Initiated Polymerization Enables One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating.

Unlike oil-absorbing hydrophobic and oleophilic materials, porous materials that simultaneously display hydrophilicity and oleophobicity in air are rare, but they are unique in selectively removing water from bulk oil. Preparation of such porous materials is limited to the surface coating of raw porous materials, which faces problems such as pore clogging and uneven coating on inner surfaces. Herein, a one-pot approach to fabricating hydrophilic and oleophobic foams from oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions through a facile interface-initiated polymerization strategy is reported. The foams have interconnected macroporous structure. They can absorb water drops quickly while repelling oils in air. Such foams may find applications not only in oil-water separation (e.g., fuel purification), but also for efficient removal of contaminants (e.g., dyes) from oil-containing wastewater, where the oleophobicity helps foams to eliminate the oil fouling issue.

Fabrication of a Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Micelle from a Pillar[5]arene-Based Supramolecular Diblock Copolymer for Photodynamic Therapy.

A pH and thermo dual-responsive supramolecular diblock copolymer is constructed by host-guest recognition of pillar[5]arene and viologen salt. The host polymer, poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) bearing pillar[5]arene as the terminal group (P[5]A-PDMAEMA) is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Guest polymer, ethyl viologen-ended poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (EV-PNIPAM) is prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The supramolecular diblock copolymer can be self-assembled into stable supramolecular nanoparticles in aqueous solution at 40 °C, which show excellent pH and thermo responsiveness. The nanoparticles are further applied in the encapsulation of photosensitizers (pyropheophorbide-a, PhA) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The dual-responsive nanoparticles can efficiently release PhA in acidic environment at 25 °C. Based on the result of cell experiments, PhA-loaded nanomicelles exhibit excellent PDT efficacy and low dark toxicity toward A549 cells. Thus, this supramolecular diblock copolymer enriches the methodology of constructing stimuli-responsive drug carriers and presents a great potential in PDT.

Demonstration of digital fronthaul over self-seeded WDM-PON in commercial LTE environment.

CPRI between BBU and RRU equipment is carried by self-seeded WDM-PON prototype system within commercial LTE end-to-end environment. Delay and jitter meets CPRI requirements while services demonstrated show the same performance as bare fiber.

Phase inversion of ionomer-stabilized emulsions to form high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs).

Herein, we report the phase inversion of ionomer-stabilized emulsions to form high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) induced by salt concentration and pH changes. The ionomers are sulfonated polystyrenes (SPSs) with different sulfonation degrees. The emulsion types were determined by conductivity measurements, confocal microscopy and optical microscopy, and the formation of HIPE organogels was verified by the tube-inversion method and rheological measurements. SPSs with high sulfonation degrees (water-soluble) and low sulfonation degrees (water-insoluble) can stabilize oil-in-water emulsions; these emulsions were transformed into water-in-oil HIPEs by varying salt concentrations and/or changing the pH. SPS, with a sulfonation degree of 11.6%, is the most efficient, and as low as 0.2 (w/v)% of the organic phase is enough to stabilize the HIPEs. Phase inversion of the oil-in-water emulsions occurred to form water-in-oil HIPEs by increasing the salt concentration in the aqueous phase. Two phase inversion points from oil-in-water emulsions to water-in-oil HIPEs were observed at pH 1 and 13. Moreover, synergetic effects between the salt concentration and pH changes occurred upon the inversion of the emulsion type. The organic phase can be a variety of organic solvents, including toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloromethane and anisole, as well as monomers such as styrene, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Poly(HIPEs) were successfully prepared by the polymerization of monomers as the continuous phase in the ionomer-stabilized HIPEs.

A superamphiphobic coating with an ammonia-triggered transition to superhydrophilic and superoleophobic for oil-water separation.

Superhydrophilic and superoleophobic materials are very attractive for efficient and cost-effective oil-water separation, but also very challenging to prepare. Reported herein is a new superamphiphobic coating that turns superhydrophilic and superoleophobic upon ammonia exposure. The coating is prepared from a mixture of silica nanoparticles and heptadecafluorononanoic acid-modified TiO2 sol by a facile dip-coating method. Commonly used materials, including polyester fabric and polyurethane sponge, modified with this coating show unusual capabilities for controllable filtration of an oil-water mixture and selective removal of water from bulk oil. We anticipate that this novel coating may lead to the development of advanced oil-water separation techniques.

UV radiation and temperature increase alter the PSII function and defense mechanisms in a bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.

The aim was to determine the response of a bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa to climatic changes. Cultures of M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 were grown at two temperatures (25°C, 30°C) and exposed to high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm) alone or combined with UVR (PAR + UVR: 295-700 nm) for specified times. It was found that increased temperature enhanced M. aeruginosa sensitivity to both PAR and PAR + UVR as shown by reduced PSII quantum yields (Fv/Fm) in comparison with that at growth temperature (25°C), the presence of UVR significantly exacerbated the photoinhibition. M. aeruginosa cells grown at high temperature exhibited lower PSII repair rate (Krec) and sustained nonphotochemical quenching (NPQs) induction during the radiation exposure, particularly for PAR + UVR. Although high temperature alone or worked with UVR induced higher SOD and CAT activity and promoted the removal rate of PsbA, it seemed not enough to prevent the damage effect from them showing by the increased value of photoinactivation rate constant (Kpi). In addition, the energetic cost of microcystin synthesis at high temperature probably led to reduced materials and energy available for PsbA turnover, thus may partly account for the lower Krec and the declination of photosynthetic activity in cells following PAR and PAR + UVR exposure. Our findings suggest that increased temperature modulates the sensitivity of M. aeruginosa to UVR by affecting the PSII repair and defense capacity, thus influencing competitiveness and abundance in the future water environment.

Macroporous, Highly Hygroscopic, and Leakage-Free Composites for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting.

Hygroscopic composites based on hygroscopic salts and hydrogels are promising for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), but their relatively low water production and possible salt leakage hinder real applications. Here, we report highly hygroscopic and leakage-free composites from loading LiCl into emulsion-templated sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with macroporous structures and interpenetrating polymer networks. The resulting composites exhibited an enhanced moisture uptake (up to 3.4 g g-1) and leakage-free behavior even at an extremely high relative humidity (RH) of 90%. Moreover, the composites showed accelerated adsorption, with high adsorption (0.803 g g-1 water at 25 °C and 90% RH within 1 h) and desorption due to the emulsion-templated, highly interconnected macropores. The hygroscopic composites obtained 1.12 g g-1 water per adsorption-desorption collection cycle and showed high reusability, without obvious deterioration in adsorption, desorption, and collection after 10 cycles. With the presence of carbon nanotubes, solar-driven AWH could be realized, without the requirement of additional energy. The highly hygroscopic and leakage-free composites with enhanced and accelerated adsorption and desorption are excellent candidates for efficient AWH.

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Inhibits M1 Polarization and Apoptosis of Alveolar Macrophage and Protects Against Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with macrophage polarization and apoptosis, but the role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) in these processes remains controversial. However, the effect of AT2Rs on alveolar macrophages and mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury has not been determined. Mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats and LPS-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) were used to determine the effects of AT2Rs, selective AT2R agonists and selective AT1Rs or AT2R antagonists. Macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and related signaling pathways were assessed via western blotting, QPCR and flow cytometry. AT2R expression was decreased in LPS-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383). Administration of the AT2R agonist CGP-42112 was associated with an increase in AT2R expression and M2 polarization, but no effect was observed upon administration of the AT2R antagonist PD123319 or the AT1R antagonist valsartan. In mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats, the administration of the AT2R agonist C21 was associated with attenuation of the pathological damage score, lung wet/dry weight, cell count and protein content in BALF. C21 can significantly reduce proinflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-1ß levels, increase anti-inflammatory factor IL-4, IL-10 levels in BALF, compared with the model group (p < 0.01). Similarly, compared with those at the same time points, the M1/M2 ratios in alveolar macrophages and apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages at 4 h, 6 h and 8 h in the mechanical ventilation models were lower after C21 administration. These findings indicated that the expression of AT2Rs in alveolar macrophages mediates M1 macrophage polarization and apoptosis and that AT2Rs play a protective role in mediating mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury.

An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics.

Additive manufacturing of conductive layers on a dielectric substrate has garnered significant interest due to its promise to produce printed electronics efficiently and its capability to print on curved substrates. A considerable challenge encountered is the conductive layer's potential peeling due to inadequate adhesion with the dielectric substrate, which compromises the durability and functionality of the electronics. This study strives to facilitate the binding force through dielectric substrate surface modification using concentrated sulfuric acid and ultraviolet (UV) laser treatment. First, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nanoparticle silver ink were employed as the studied material. Second, the surface treatment of PEEK substrates was conducted across six levels of sulfuric acid exposure time and eight levels of UV laser scanning velocity. Then, responses such as surface morphology, roughness, elemental composition, chemical bonding characteristics, water contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE) were assessed to understand the effects of these treatments. Finally, the nanoparticle silver ink layer was deposited on the PEEK surface, and the adhesion force measured using a pull-off adhesion tester. Results unveiled a binding force of 0.37 MPa on unmodified surface, which escalated to 1.99 MPa with sulfuric acid treatment and 2.21 MPa with UV laser treatment. Additionally, cross-approach treatment investigations revealed that application sequence significantly impacts results, increasing binding force to 2.77 MPa. The analysis further delves into the influence mechanism of the surface modification on the binding force, elucidating that UV laser and sulfuric acid surface treatment methods hold substantial promise for enhancing the binding force between heterogeneous materials in the additive manufacturing of electronics.

Tailoring and understanding the lithium storage performance of triple-doped cobalt phosphide composites.

Cobalt phosphide (CoP) with high theoretical capacity as well as ceramic-like and metal-like properties is considered as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change and sluggish kinetic response limit its practical application. The optimization of composition, structural control and performance regulation of CoP electrodes can be achieved by the bottom-up assembly technique of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Due to the effective electronic regulation and lithiophilicity brought by the multiple heteroatoms doping and the synergistic effect of the unique structure derived from MOFs, the N, O, P triple-doped carbon and CoP composites (ZCP@NOP) exhibited excellent rate capability (554.61 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1) and cycling stability (806.7 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g-1). The essence and evolution of lithium storage mechanism in CoP electrodes are also confirmed by the ex-situ techniques. The synergistic benefits of heteroatom co-doping carbon and cobalt phosphide, such as the decrease of the diffusion energy barrier of Li-ions and the optimization of electronic structures, are highlighted in theoretical calculations. In conclusion, new thoughts and ideas for the creation of future battery anode are provided by the combination of the N, O, P co-doping and the adaptable structural adjustment technique.