The Key Role of Tumor Budding in Predicting the Status of Lymph Node Involvement in Early Gastric Cancer Patients: A Clinical Multicenter Validation in China.

BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) involvement is essential for the management of early gastric cancer (EGC). Our objective was to formulate a potent nomogram for predicting LN involvement in EGC by leveraging an innovative predictor of tumor budding. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of EGC patients who underwent radical surgery at two tertiary cancer centers. Tumor budding was stratified by using an optimal cutoff value and integrated with other clinicopathological variables to ascertain the risk factors associated with LN involvement. A nomogram was developed and its predictive performance was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. In addition, we conducted decision curve analysis to evaluate its clinical utility. Finally, an external validation was conducted by using an independent cohort. RESULTS: Finally, 307 eligible patients (215 in the primary cohort and 92 in the validation cohort) were included. Tumor budding, categorized by a count of two, exhibited a robust association with LN involvement (OR 14.12, p = 0.012). Other significant risk factors include lymphovascular invasion, depth of tumor invasion, ulceration, and tumor differentiation. Notably, the nomogram demonstrated exceptional discriminative power (area under the ROC curve, 0.872 in the primary cohort and 0.885 in the validation cohort) and precise predictive capabilities. Furthermore, the nomogram showed notable clinical applicability through decision curve analysis, particularly in endoscopic curability C-2, by mitigating the risk of overtreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor budding is a robust predictor of LN involvement in EGC. The incorporation of tumor budding into a nomogram is an effective strategy, thereby informing and enhancing clinical decision-making.

Controlled synthesized of ternary Cu-Co-Ni-S sulfides nanoporous network structure on carbon fiber paper: a superior catalytic electrode for highly-sensitive glucose sensing.

BACKGROUND: Efficient monitoring of glucose concentration in the human body necessitates the utilization of electrochemically active sensing materials in nonenzymatic glucose sensors. However, prevailing limitations such as intricate fabrication processes, lower sensitivity, and instability impede their practical application. Herein, ternary Cu-Co-Ni-S sulfides nanoporous network structure was synthesized on carbon fiber paper (CP) by an ultrafast, facile, and controllable technique through on-step cyclic voltammetry, serving as a superior self-supporting catalytic electrode for the high-performance glucose sensor. RESULTS: The direct growth of free-standing Cu-Co-Ni-S on the interconnected three-dimensional (3D) network of CP boosted the active site of the composites, improved ion diffusion kinetics, and significantly promoted the electron transfer rate. The multiple oxidation states and synergistic effects among Co, Ni, Cu, and S further promoted glucose electrooxidation. The well-architected Cu-Co-Ni-S/CP presented exceptional electrocatalytic properties for glucose with satisfied linearity of a broad range from 0.3 to 16,000 µM and high sensitivity of 6829 µA mM- 1 cm- 2. Furthermore, the novel sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and storage stability, which could successfully evaluate the glucose levels in human serum. Notably, the novel Cu-Co-Ni-S/CP showed favorable biocompatibility, proving its potential for in vivo glucose monitoring. CONCLUSION: The proposed 3D hierarchical morphology self-supported electrode sensor, which demonstrates appealing analysis behavior for glucose electrooxidation, holds great promise for the next generation of high-performance glucose sensors.

Flexible and High-Throughput Photothermal Biosensors for Rapid Screening of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Thermochromic Paper-Based Image Analysis.

Herein, we developed a flexible, low-cost thermosensitive fiber paper for the visual display in photothermal biosensing systems for early acute myocardial infarction. The thermal signal visualization device was encapsulated with rewritable thermal fibers, which exhibited excellent stability and reversibility. The mechanism of color change in thermal paper was based on a temperature-driven reversible transformation of the structure of the dye molecule (crystalline violet lactone, CVL). It exhibits a gradation from blue to colorless at higher temperatures and gradually returns to blue when the temperature drops. Immobilization and cascade enzymatic reactions of target molecules occurred in an integrated 3D-printed detection device, a photothermal conversion process occurred under near-infrared light excitation, and the colorimetric change values of the encapsulated thermal paper were recorded and evaluated for possible pathogenicity using a smartphone. It was worth noting that the effect of the thermogenic ring-opening behavior of CVL on the macroscopic phenomenon of color change was obtained by density functional theory calculations. Under optimized conditions, the naked-eye-recognizable range of the thermal paper-based photothermal immunoassay sensor was 0.2-20 ng mL-1, This work creatively presents theoretical studies of promising thermal paper-based photothermal biosensors and provides new insights for the development of low-cost, instrument-free portable photothermal biosensors.

Liposome-Embedded Cu2-xAgxS Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Immunoassay for Daily Monitoring of cTnI Protein Using a Portable Thermal Imager.

Functional photothermal nanomaterials have gained widespread attention in the field of precise cancer therapy and early disease diagnosis due to their unique photothermal conversion properties. However, the relatively narrow temperature response range and the outputable accuracy of commercial thermometers limit the accurate detection of biomarkers. Herein, we designed a liposome-embedded Cu2-xAgxS amplification-based photothermal sensor for the accurate determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in health monitoring and point-of-care testing (POCT). The combinable 3D-printing detecting device monitored and visualized target signal changes in the testing system under the excitation of near-infrared (NIR) light, which was recorded and evaluated for possible pathogenicity by a smartphone. Notably, we predicted the potentially efficient thermal conversion efficiency of Cu2-xAgxS from the structure and charge density distribution, calculated by the first-principles and density functional theory (DFT), which provided a theoretical basis for the construction of novel photothermal materials, and the experimental results proved the correctness of the theoretical projections. Under optimal conditions, the photothermal immunoassay showed a dynamic linear range of 0.02-10 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 11.2 pg mL-1. This work instructively introduces promising theoretical research and provides new insights for the development of sensitive portable photothermal biosensors.

Which Staging System Is More Suitable for Gastric Neuroendocrine Cancer and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinomas? A Multicenter Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) system or the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual are suitable for gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas and/or mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (G-NECs/MANECs). METHODS: Patients in a multicentric series with G-NEC/MANEC who underwent curative-intent surgical resection for a primary tumor were included. An optimal staging system was proposed base on analysis of the T and N status and validated by the SEER database. RESULTS: Compared with the ENETS system, the survival curves of the T category and N category in the 8th AJCC system were better separated and distributed in a more balanced way, but the survival curves of T2 vs. T3, N0 vs. N1, and N3a vs. N3b overlapped. For the T category, the 8th AJCC T category was modified by combining T2 and T3, which was consistent with the T category in the 6th AJCC manual for GC. For the N category, the optimal cut-off values of metastatic lymph nodes using X-tile were also similar to those of the N category in the 6th AJCC system. The Kaplan-Meier plots of the 6th AJCC system showed statistically significant differences between individual substages. Compared with the other 2 classifications, the 6th AJCC system also showed superior prognostic stratification. Similar results were obtained in both multicentric and SEER validation sets. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the 8th AJCC and ENETS systems, the 6th AJCC staging system for GC is more suitable for G-NEC/MANEC and can be adopted in clinical practice.

Multi-institutional development and validation of a nomogram to predict recurrence after curative resection of gastric neuroendocrine/mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a novel nomogram to predict individual 1, 3, and 5 years disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma/mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma [(MA)NEC]. BACKGROUND: Among patients undergoing radical resection of gastric (MA)NEC, there is still a high tendency for relapse. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 777 patients with gastric (MA)NEC at 23 centers in China from 2004 to 2015 was performed. Based on the established nomogram, which included age, ASA, pT, pN and Ki67, the overall patients were divided into low-risk group (LRG) and high-risk group (HRG). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 40 months (1-169 months). The C-index, AUC and time-ROC of the nomogram were significantly higher than that of the 8th edition AJCC and ENETS TNM staging systems. The 3-year DFS of patients in HRG generated by the nomogram was significantly lower than that in LRG (all patients: 35% vs 66.9%, p < 0.001), and there were still significant differences in stratified analysis of the TNM staging systems. The local recurrence rate (10.5% vs 2.6%) and distant recurrence rate (45.1% vs 22.6%) in HRG were significantly higher than those in LRG, especially in anastomotic recurrence (6.3% vs 2%), liver recurrence (20.7% vs 13.4%) and peritoneal metastasis (12.7% vs 2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with AJCC and ENETS TNM staging systems, the established novel validated nomogram had a significantly better prediction ability for DFS and recurrence patterns in patients with gastric (MA)NEC. It can also compensate for the shortcomings of existing AJCC and ENETS TNM staging in predicting individual recurrence risk.

Reappraise role of No. 10 lymphadenectomy for proximal gastric cancer in the era of minimal invasive surgery during total gastrectomy: a pooled analysis of 4 prospective trial.

BACKGROUND: For patients with locally advanced proximal gastric cancer (LAPGC), the individualized selection of patients with highly suspected splenic hilar (No. 10) lymph node (LN) metastasis to undergo splenic hilar lymphadenectomy, is a clinical dilemma. This study aimed to re-evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (LSPSHL) and to identify the population who would benefit from it. METHODS: A total of 1068 patients (D2 group = 409; D2 + No. 10 group = 659) who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy from four prospective trials between January 2015 and July 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant difference in the incidence (16.9% vs. 16.4%; P = 0.837) of postoperative complications were found between the two groups. The metastasis rate of No. 10 LN among patients in the D2 + No. 10 group was 10.3% (68/659). Based on the decision tree, patients with LAPGC with tumor invading the greater curvature (Gre), patients with non-Gre-invading LAPGC with a tumor size > 5 cm and clinical positive locoregional LNs were defined as the high-priority No. 10 dissection group. The metastasis rate of No. 10 LNs in the high-priority group was 19.4% (41/211). In high-priority group, the 3-year overall survival of the D2 + No. 10 group was better than that of the D2 group (74.4% vs. 42.1%; P = 0.005), and the therapeutic index of No. 10 was higher than the indices of most suprapancreatic stations. CONCLUSIONS: LSPSHL for LAPGC is safe and feasible when performed by experienced surgeons. LSPSHL could be recommended for the high-priority group patients even without invasion of the Gre.

Virus-like mesoporous silica-coated plasmonic Ag nanocube with strong bacteria adhesion for diabetic wound ulcer healing.

The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the Gram-negative bacillus Escherichia coli (E. coli) can be commonly found in diabetic foot ulcers. However, the multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria infection is often difficult to eradicate by the conventional antibiotics and easy to spread which can lead to complications such as gangrene or sepsis. In this work, in order to pull through the low cell wall adhesion capability of typical antibacterial Ag nanoparticles, we fabricated biomimic virus-like mesoporous silica coated Ag nanocubes with gentamicin loading, and then the core-shell nanostructure was entrapped in the FDA approved hydrogel dressing. Interestingly, the Ag nanocubes with virus-like mesoporous silica coating are capable of effectively adsorbing on the rigid cell wall of both E. coli and MRSA. The intracellular H2S in natural bacterial environment can induce generation of small Ag nanospheres, which are the ideal antibacterial nanoagents. Combined with the gentamicin delivery, the pathogenic bacteria in diabetic wound can be completely eradicated by our dressing to improve the wound healing procedure. This virus-like core-shell nanostructure sheds light for the future wound healing dressing design to promote the clinical applications on antibacterial eradication.

In situ amplified QCM immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen with colorectal cancer using horseradish peroxidase nanospheres and enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation.

Methods based on enzyme labels or nano labels have been developed for immunoassays, but most of them have low sensitivity and are unsuitable for low-abundance protein diagnostics and biosecurity. Herein, an innovative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensing method was designed for high-efficiency detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from serum samples with colorectal cancer patients by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) nanoparticles as the enhancer, accompanying enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation (EBCP) toward 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) on an anti-CEA capture antibody-conjugated QCM probe. Initially, HRP nanospheres were synthesized on the basis of the reverse micelle method with the assistance of glutaraldehyde cross-linking, and then covalently conjugated onto polyclonal anti-CEA detection antibodies. The QCM immunosensing probe was prepared by immobilizing monoclonal anti-CEA capture antibodies on an l-cysteine-modified gold substrate. In the presence of target CEA, a sandwich-type immunoreaction was carried out between capture antibody and detection antibody, thereby resulting in the attachment of HRP nanospheres on the gold probe. Upon addition of 4-CN in the QCM cell, the carried HRP nanospheres catalyzed the 4-CN oxidation to produce an insoluble precipitate on the gold electrode, thus causing a change in the frequency. Relative to the conventional HRP-labeled strategy and direct antigen-antibody reaction, improved analytical features were obtained with HRP nanospheres. With the HRP nanosphere labeling method, the factors influencing the performance of the immunoassay were also studied. The covalent conjugation of antibodies with HRP nanospheres and the gold substrate achieved a good repeatability and intermediate precision down to 10.7%. Under optimum conditions, the frequency variation of the QCM immunoassay was proportional to the target CEA concentration within a dynamic linear range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 7.8 pg mL-1. In addition, the developed QCM immunoassay showed high specificity and long-term storage stability, and could be used for the analysis of human serum samples with consistent results in comparison with those obtained from the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

A polypyrrole-polydimethylsiloxane sponge-based compressible capacitance sensor with molecular recognition for point-of-care immunoassay.

A highly compressible and all-solid-state polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge-based flexible capacitance sensor modified with polypyrrole (PPy) was designed as the signal readout for the sensitive immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This system mainly consisted of a compressible capacitance sensor, immunoreaction protocol and gas delivery channel. The capacitance sensor was connected to a single microplate by a syringe, whereas the immunoreaction was carried out in the microplate. The conjugated catalase with the detection antibody via biotin-streptavidin interaction could trigger gas generation to cause a pressure change, thus resulting in the increase in the capacitance of the PPy-PDMS sponge observed with an LCR-6100 digital bridge capacitance meter. By coupling with the capacitance sensor, the capacitance change could be monitored in real time to achieve portable detection of PSA. Under the optimal conditions, the compressible supercapacitor PPy-PDMS sponge showed great electrochemical performance and remained stable under compressive strains. The capacitance increased with increasing target PSA concentration within a dynamic working range of 0.1-50 ng mL-1 at a detection limit of 57 pg mL-1. Moreover, acceptable reproducibility, precision and high specificity were obtained from PSA analysis, and were in good accordance with the commercial PSA ELISA kit.

Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer: a prospective, multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Previous retrospective studies have shown that laparoscopic spleen-preserving D2 total gastrectomy (LSTG) for advanced upper third gastric cancer (AUTGC) is safe. However, all previous studies were underpowered. We therefore conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate the technical safety and feasibility of LSTG for patients with AUTGC. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with AUTGC (cT2-4a, N-/+, M0) underwent LSTG at 19 institutions between September 2016 and October 2017 were included. The number of No. 10 lymph node (LN) dissections, metastasis rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 251 patients were enrolled in the study, and 242 patients were eligible for the per protocol analysis. The average numbers of No. 10 LN dissections and metastases were 2.4 and 0.1, respectively. Eighteen patients (7.4%) had No. 10 LN metastases, and among patients with advanced gastric cancer, the rate of No. 10 LN metastasis was 8.1% (18/223). pN3 status was an independent risk factor for No. 10 LN metastasis. Intraoperative complications occurred in 7 patients, but no patients required conversion to open surgery or splenectomy. The overall postoperative complication rate was 13.6% (33/242). The major complication and mortality rates were 3.3% (8/242) and 0.4% (1/242), respectively. The number of retrieved No. 10 LNs, No. 10 LN metastasis and TNM stage had no significant influence on postoperative complication rates. CONCLUSION: LSTG for AUTGC was safe and effective when performed by very experienced surgeons, this technique could be used in patients who needed splenic hilar lymph node dissection.

Development of a panel of serum IgG and IgA autoantibodies for early diagnosis of colon cancer.

Purpose: Our pilot study in a small cohort by ELISA showed that the levels and positive rates of serum IgG autoantibodies against p53, HRAS and NSG1, and IgA autoantibody against TIF1γ in early colon cancer (CC) group were significantly higher than that of colon benign lesion (CBL) group / healthy control (HC) group (P <0.01), which suggested that four autoantibodies might be valuable for the diagnosis of patients with CC at early stage. On the basis of pilot study, we intend to comprehensively elucidate the performance of four autoantibodies for the early diagnosis of CC in a large sample cohort, and explore the optimal panel of autoantibodies in the diagnosis of patients with CC at early stage. Methods: Western blot was used to define the ELISA results of serum anti-p53, HRAS, NSG1-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA. The performances of anti-p53, HRAS, NSG1-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA were evaluated by ELISA for the early diagnosis of CC with 601 serum samples of 157 patients with CC at early stage, 144 patients with CC at advanced stage, 130 patients with CBL, and 170 HC, and then the performances of different combinations of four autoantibodies were analyzed for the development of an optimal panel for the early diagnosis of CC. Results: The results of anti-p53, HRAS, NSG1-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA in western blotting were consistent with that in ELISA. The levels and positive rates of anti-p53, HRAS, NSG1-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA in early CC group were significantly higher than that in CBL group/HC group (P <0.01), while had no significant difference from that in advanced CC group (P >0.05), of which anti-TIF1γ-IgA showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.716 for the patients with CC at early stage, with 25.5% sensitivity and specificity at 96.7%. Additionally, a panel of anti-p53, HRAS-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA showed the highest AUC among all possible combinations of four autoantibodies, up to 0.737, with 47.1% sensitivity at 92.0% specificity. Conclusions: Serum IgG autoantibodies against p53, HRAS and NSG1, and IgA autoantibody against TIF1γ show the diagnostic value for the patients with CC at early stage, of which anti-TIF1γ-IgA is demonstrated to be a preferable biomarker, and an optimal panel comprised of anti-p53, HRAS-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA might contribute to the further improvement of early diagnosis for CC.

A multi-center study of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph node metastasis in T1-2 colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: How to identify whether T1-2 colorectal cancers have lymph nodes metastases pre-op or intra-op is a crucial problem in clinic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1-2 colorectal cancers. METHODS: A multi-center study was performed between July 2012 and January 2014. Seventy-three patients with T1-2 colorectal cancer identified by pre-op endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were recruited. 1 ml carbon nanoparticles suspension was endoscopically injected into the submucosal layer at four points around the site of the primary tumor 1 day before surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection with lymphadenectomy was performed. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were defined as nodes that were black-dyed by carbon nanoparticles. Pathology confirmed whether lymph nodes have cancer metastases and the SLNs accuracy. RESULTS: SLNs were easily found under laparoscopy. The mean number of SLNs was 3 (range 1-5). All patients had SLNs lying alongside the mesenteric vessel or main arterial vessel. After pathological analysis, 2 patients (9.52%) had lymph node metastasis in 21 patients with EUS T1 cancers, and 10 patients (19.23%) had lymph node metastasis in 52 patients with EUS T2 cancers. In two T1 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive with 100% accuracy. In ten T2 cases with lymph node metastasis, SLNs were positive in nine cases. In pathology, carbon nanoparticles were seen in lymphatic vessels, and lymphoid sinus and macrophages in negative SLNs. When SLNs were positive, carbon nanoparticles were seen around cancer cells in lymph nodes. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of SLNs in T1-2 colorectal cancers were 91.67, 100, 98.63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the feasibility of using carbon nanoparticles to track lymph nodes metastases in T1-2 colorectal cancers. Carbon nanoparticles black-dyed lymph nodes play a role as SLNs in T1-2 colorectal cancers.

An acid-activatable fluorouracil prodrug for colorectal cancer synergistic therapy.

5-Fluorouracil has demonstrated certain efficiency in patients with colorectal cancer. However, significant side effects of use by injection are common. To address this issue defects, a reengineered 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (DFCR) based drug delivery system (POACa) is developed as a prominent tumor-selective nano-activator. Investigations demonstrate that the constructed nano-activator exhibits good biocompatibility and high therapeutic efficiency in mice with subcutaneous and orthotopic SW-480 colorectal tumors, as its activity is strictly dependent on the tumor-associated acid environment and thymidine phosphorylase. These strategies diminish the off-target toxicity and improve the specificity and sensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells to 5-Fu, obtaining potent efficiency by the combination of H2O2 mediated oxidative stress, calcium overload and 5-Fu-induced chemotherapy (the combination index is 0.11). Overall, the engineered nano-activator exhibits a high therapeutic index in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we designed and prepared a pH-responsive polymer to synchronously deliver DFCR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, a prodrug of 5-Fu), Ca2+ and H2O2. The constructed nano-activator was denoted as POACa. (1) To address the problem of premature leakage of cargo by physical embedding, our research modified the inactive prodrug DFCR through chemical bonding. (2) The activation of the prepared nano-activator was strictly dependent on the tumor-associated acid environment and thymidine phosphorylase, providing the drug delivery system with inherent safety. (3) A distinctly low combination index value (0.11) of CaO2 and DFCR indicated that POACa has a prominent tumor suppression effect by tumor calcium overload sensitized chemotherapy and H2O2 mediated cytotoxicity.

Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model for Postoperative Anastomotic Recurrence in Siewert II or III Adenocarcinomas Without Neoadjuvant Therapy in an East Asian Population.

PURPOSE: Anastomotic recurrence leads to poor prognosis in patients with Siewert II or III adenocarcinoma who undergo radical gastrectomy and do not receive neoadjuvant therapy. We aimed to establish a prognostic model to evaluate the risk of postoperative anastomotic recurrence in patients with Siewert II or III adenocarcinoma who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: We included 366 patients with Siewert II or III adenocarcinoma who were treated with radical gastrectomy without neoadjuvant therapy at Fujian Provincial Hospital (FPH) between 2012 and 2018 as the development cohort. Cox regression was used to verify prognostic factors for anastomotic recurrence, and a nomogram was established. The nomogram was externally validated using a combined cohort of two external centers. Patients were classified into high- or low-risk groups according to the diagnostic threshold and nomogram scores, and recurrence-related survival analysis was analyzed. RESULTS: The average age was 64.6 years, and 285 patients were male. All surgeries were successfully performed (185 open vs 181 laparoscopic). The 3-year anastomotic recurrence rate was significantly lower in the low-risk group (3.5% vs 18.8%, P < 0.001). The predictive performance was verified in the external validation cohort. This model better stratified patient survival than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system. CONCLUSIONS: This novel nomogram with surgical margin, postoperative tumor node metastasis (pTNM) stage, and neural invasion as prognostic factors has a significant predictive performance for the risk of anastomotic recurrence after radical gastrectomy in patients with Siewert II or III adenocarcinoma.

Statins are associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Statins are widely prescribed to reduce cholesterol levels in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the debate about the effect of statins on cancer risk remains unsettled. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of utilization of statins with the risk of gastric cancer by carrying out a meta-analysis. METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed and EMBASE up to March 2013 to identify the cohort or case-control studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the relationship between statins use and the risk of gastric cancer. The bibliographies of the retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify additional studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Three post-hoc analyses of 26 RCTs involving 290 gastric cancers and eight observational studies totaling 7,321 gastric cancers were included. Statins use was shown to be significantly associated with a 27 % reduction in the risk of gastric cancer (RR = 0.73, 95 % CI = 0.58-0.93), with considerable heterogeneity among studies (I (2) = 88.9 %). Excluding one study in which all subjects are diabetic patients obtained an attenuated, but homogeneous result (RR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.80-0.91, I (2) = 0.0 %). These findings were consistent in the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION: A meta-analysis of existing evidence, primarily from observational studies, indicates that use of statins reduces the risk of gastric cancer.

Paper-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive screening of carcinoembryonic antigen on hollow CdS/CdMoO4-functionalized photoanode.

Lab-based testing systems utilizing photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing methodologies for the ultrasensitive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been developed, although the majority have shown complicated operating procedures and dependence on precise apparatus. Herein, a portable photoelectrochemical split diagnostic platform based on a hollow CdS/CdMoO4 (h-CdS@CdMoO4) shell-shell structured photoanode system was developed for ultrasensitive detection of CEA. Using a small LED flashlight as the excitation light source and a digital multimeter (DMM) as the signal readout device, real-time CEA on a paper-based printed screen electrode developed in-house was quickly detected. The composite h-CdS@CdMoO4 featured a special hollow shell-shell heterojunction structure that optimizes photon usage in the bulk phase on the one hand, and facilitates directed separation of the electrons and holes therein on the other. A split-sandwich immunoassay and detection antibodies for modified glucose oxidase were introduced into the paper-based photoanode test system, and the signals were displayed with a DMM to realize a point-of-care test for CEA. Under optimized conditions, the constructed portable PEC sensing system was sensitive to the target CEA from 0.02 to 50.0 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 11.3 pg mL-1. Interferent experiments and stability test evaluations demonstrate the specificity and robustness of the constructed paper-based portable PEC sensor. The portable, paper-based PEC immunoassay system developed offers a fresh way of exploring affordable, approachable sensors to satisfy both the relevant community medical testing demands and hospital objectives for quick testing.

Nomogram based on quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, and clinicopathological features for early prediction of pathologic complete response in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop two nomograms for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer based on quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and clinicopathological characteristics at two time-points: before and after two cycles of NACT, respectively. Methods: 3.0 T MRI scans were performed before and after 2 cycles of NACT in 215 patients. A total of 74 female patients with stage II-III breast cancer were included. According to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, nomogram model 1 and nomogram model 2 were developed based on the independent predictors for pCR before and after 2 cycles of NACT, respectively. Nomogram performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration slope. Results: The independent predictors of pCR were different at the two time points. Both nomograms were found to effectively predict pCR: nomogram model 2 based on Ki67, ΔKtrans%, and ΔADC% after 2 cycles of NACT showed better predictive discrimination [AUC =0.900 (0.829, 0.970) vs. 0.833 (0.736, 0.930)] and calibration ability (mean absolute error of the agreement: 0.017 vs. 0.051) compared to nomogram model 1 based on pre-NACT HER2, Ki67, and Ktrans. Conclusions: Nomograms based on quantitative DCE-MRI parameters, ADC, and clinicopathological characteristics can predict pCR in breast cancer and facilitate individualized decision-making for NACT.

Intraoperative Diagnosis of Serosal Invasion in Gastric Cancer by Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging for Intraoperative Measurement Decision.

Purpose: To establish a precise diagnostic method for serosal invasion in gastric cancer (GC) during surgery using therapeutic measures, and facilitate quick decision-making. Methods: A total of 19 GC patients treated in the department of gastrointestinal surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital between April 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. An electronic gastroscopy with a magnifying endoscope with narrow-band imaging was used to photograph the serosal surface of the GC lesion site and the normal gastric wall around the lesion during surgery. The endoscopic diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of the microvascular phenotype of the serosal surface and validated by comparison with the pathological diagnosis. Results: Under the specific endoscopy, serosal invasion, including subserosal tissue invasion and serosal layer invasion, was diagnosed by observing the capillary morphology change, and capillary diameter and density increase. According to the pathological diagnosis, the accuracy of serosal invasion diagnosis was 94.7%, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 75%, the positive predictive value was 93.8%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. To further distinguish the subserosal tissue invasion and serosal layer invasion, the magnifying endoscope with narrow-band imaging possessed a 78.9% accuracy by distinguishing irregular changes in microvessels. Conclusions: Magnifying endoscope with narrow-band imaging is less time-consuming than pathological diagnosis. Intraoperative diagnosis using microvascular observation can accurately detect serosal invasion. It is of value for the intraoperative diagnosis in GC patients.

Discovery of CDK signature and CDK5 as potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in gastric cancer peritoneal metastases.

Gastric cancer peritoneal metastases (GCPM) are a leading cause of death in gastric cancer patients. In this study, we focused on the expression of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDK), essential regulators of transcription, metabolism, and cell differentiation, in GCPM. Utilizing the GSE62254 cohort, we established a CDK signature (CDKS) model comprising ten CDK gene family members. Analysis of both the GSE62254 and TCGA cohorts revealed that patients with low CDKS had a worse prognosis compared to those with high CDKS. Furthermore, patients with high CDKS demonstrated positive responses from immunotherapy, as observed in the KIM cohort. We investigated the association between CDKS and the tumor microenvironment, including immune escape mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a positive correlation between CDK5 and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. Furthermore, we found that CDK5 knockdown led to the inhibition of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells. Our findings highlight the potential of CDKS as a prognostic biomarker and an indicator of immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Moreover, our study suggests that targeting CDK5 could provide a new pathway for exploring immunotherapeutic research.