Alveoli-Mimetic Synergistic Liquid and Solid Thermal Conductive Interface as a Novel Strategy for Designing High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials.

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are in desperate desire with the development of the modern electronic industry. An excellent TIM needs desired comprehensive properties including but not limited to high thermal conductivity, low Yong's modulus, lightweight, as well as low price. However, as is typically the case, those properties are naturally contradictory. To tackle such dilemmas, a strategy of construction high-performance TIM inspired by alveoli is proposed. The material design includes the self-alignment of graphite into 3D interconnected thermally conductive networks by polydimethylsiloxane beads (PBs) -the alveoli; and a small amount of liquid metal (LM) - capillary networks bridging the PBs and graphite network. Through the delicate structural regulation and the synergistic effect of the LM and solid graphite filler, superb thermal conductivity (9.98 ± 0.34 W m-1 K-1) can be achieved. The light emitting diode (LED) application and their performance in the central processing unit (CPU) heat dispersion manifest the TIM developed in the work has stable thermal conductivity for long-term applications. The thermally conductive, soft, and lightweight composites are believed to be high-performance silicone bases TIMs for advanced electronics.

Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of the transition of HIPEC-induced acute kidney injury to acute kidney disease: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as a common complication following cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC). Characterized by prolonged renal function impairment, acute kidney disease (AKD) is associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2021, 158 patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into non-AKI, AKI, and AKD cohorts. Laboratory parameters and perioperative features were gathered to evaluate risk factors for both HIPEC-induced AKI and AKD, with the 90-day prognosis of AKD patients. RESULTS: AKI developed in 21.5% of patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, while 13.3% progressed to AKD. The multivariate analysis identified that ascites, GRAN%, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and intraoperative (IO) hypotension duration were associated with the development of HIPEC-induced AKI. Higher uric acid, lessened eGFR, and prolonged IO hypotension duration were more predominant in patients proceeding with AKD. The AKD cohort presented a higher risk of 30 days of in-hospital mortality (14.3%) and CKD progression (42.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a high incidence of AKI and AKI-to-AKD transition. Early identification of risk factors for HIPEC-induced AKD would assist clinicians in taking measures to mitigate the incidence.

A comprehensive analysis of immune features and construction of an immune gene diagnostic model for sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from immune system dysfunction that is caused by infection. It is of great importance to analyze the immune characteristics of sepsis, identify the key immune system related genes, and construct diagnostic models for sepsis. In this study, the sepsis transcriptome and expression profiling data were merged into an integrated dataset containing 277 sepsis samples and 117 non-sepsis control samples. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to assess the immune cell infiltration. Two sepsis immune subtypes were identified based on the 22 differential immune cells between the sepsis and the healthy control groups. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA) was used to identify the key module genes. Then, 36 differentially expressed immune-related genes were identified, based on which a robust diagnostic model was constructed with 11 diagnostic genes. The expression of 11 diagnostic genes was finally assessed in the training and validation datasets respectively. In this study, we provide comprehensive insight into the immune features of sepsis and establish a robust diagnostic model for sepsis. These findings may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of sepsis in the future.

Characteristics and risk factors for renal recovery after acute kidney injury in critically ill patients in cohorts of elderly and non-elderly: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for renal nonrecovery among elderly and nonelderly patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective cohort of 583 critically ill patients with AKI was examined. We found the best cutoff value for predicting renal recovery by age was 63 years old through logistic regression. All patients were divided into two cohorts, age <63 and age ≥63-years old; on the basis of renal recovery at 30 days after AKI, the two patient cohorts were further divided into a renal recovery group and a renal nonrecovery group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting renal recovery in the two cohorts. RESULTS: The 30-day renal recovery rate of patients aged <63 years was 70.0% (198/283), multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting renal nonrecovery in age <63 years old included AKI stage, blood lactate level and hemoglobin level. The 30-day renal recovery rate of patients aged ≥63 years was 28.7% (86/300), multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for renal nonrecovery in age ≥63-years old included diabetes mellitus, surgery with general anesthesia, AKI stage, APACHE II score, eGFR, and hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: The renal nonrecovery after AKI in critically ill patients in patients aged ≥63 years was more strongly affected by multiple risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, surgery with general anesthesia, eGFR, and APACHE II score, in addition to hemoglobin and AKI stage.

Single Fluorescent Probe for Zero-Crosstalk Discrimination of Lipid Droplets and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Based on Reversible Cyclization Reaction.

The interactions between different organelles are ubiquitous and crucial for life activities. Thus, development of a single fluorescent probe enabling the simultaneous two-color visualization of two organelles is of great significance for the study of organelle interplay. Herein, using the reversible ring-opening/closing reactions of rhodamine dyes, we have fabricated a robust fluorescent probe to distinguish lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dual-emission channels with negligible crosstalk. The probe 6'-(diethylamino)-4'-((7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one, which was sensitive to the changes in the water content in the organism, displayed strong green fluorescence in the hydrophobic LDs from its ring-closed form, while it existed in a ring-opened form in the ER to illuminate a strong near-infrared emission. Importantly, the spectral difference was up to 320 nm, and thus the crosstalk between two channels was negligible. With the unique probe, the lipid accumulation in cells treated with different concentrations of oleic acid, cholesterol, and stearic acid has been successfully observed. The changes of LDs and the ER in living cells stimulated by temperature changes and hypoxia stimulation have also been revealed. Meanwhile, the different sizes and distribution of LDs and the ER in various tissues were also studied using the robust probe. This work provides a new approach to the design of dual-emissive probes and contributes to a significant molecular tool to promote the study of organelle interactions.

Ratiometric and Discriminative Visualization of Autophagy and Apoptosis with a Single Fluorescent Probe Based on the Aggregation/Monomer Principle.

Autophagy and apoptosis play a central role in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. Therefore, discriminative visualization of the two cellular processes is an important and challenging task. However, fluorescent probes enabling ratiometric visualization of both autophagy and apoptosis with different sets of fluorescence signals have not been developed yet. In this work, we constructed a versatile single fluorescent probe (NKLR) based on the aggregation/monomer principle for the ratiometric and discriminative visualization of autophagy and apoptosis. NKLR can simultaneously perform two-color imaging of RNA (deep red channel) and lysosomes (yellow channel) in aggregation and monomer states, respectively. During autophagy, NKLR migrated from cytoplasmic RNA and nuclear RNA to lysosomes, showing enhanced yellow emission and sharply decreased deep red fluorescence. Moreover, this migration process was reversible upon the recovery of autophagy. Comparatively, during apoptosis, NKLR immigrated from lysosomes to RNA, and the yellow emission decreased and even disappeared, while the fluorescence of the deep red channel slightly increased. Overall, autophagy and apoptosis could be discriminatively visualized via the fluorescence intensity ratios of the two channels. Meanwhile, the cells in three different states (healthy, autophagic, apoptotic) could be distinguished by three point-to-point fluorescence images via the localization and emission color of NKLR. Therefore, the probe NKLR can serve as a desirable molecular tool to reveal the in-depth relation between autophagy and apoptosis and facilitate the study on the two cellular processes.

Association Between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC). METHODS: A total of 116 patients (116 lesions) with pathologically diagnosed BC who received conventional ultrasound and CEUS before surgery were enrolled in this study. BC molecular subtypes were identified by postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical analysis as Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2 (H2) over-expression, and triple-negative (TN). Qualitative and quantitative CEUS characteristics were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (continuous variables) or Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method (categorical variables). RESULTS: There were significant differences in enhancement speed and enhancement degree among the four subtypes (P < .05). The area under the curve (AUC), time to peak (TTP), and peak intensity (PI) differed among the four subtypes (P < .05). The AUC of the LA subtype (305.1 ± 188.4) was significantly smaller compared with the H2 (535.7 ± 222.0, P = .007) and TN subtypes (496.6 ± 254.7, P = .019). In addition, TTP was shorter in the H2 subtype (19.8 ± 4.9) compared with the other subtypes, and was significantly shorter than in the LA subtype (26.3 ± 7.2, P = .008) and LB subtype (23.1 ± 6.7, P = .036). The PI of the LA subtype (4.7 ± 2.3) was significantly lower than that of the LB (6.6 ± 2.3, P = .027), H2 (7.4 ± 2.2, P = .005), and TN subtypes (6.9 ± 2.6, P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: CEUS features differed significantly among different molecular subtypes of BC. The enhancement patterns and parameters may be important predictive features of different subtypes of BC.

Predicting renal function recovery and short-term reversibility among acute kidney injury patients in the ICU: comparison of machine learning methods and conventional regression.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent complications of critical illness. We aimed to explore the predictors of renal function recovery and the short-term reversibility after AKI by comparing logistic regression with four machine learning models. METHODS: We reviewed patients who were diagnosed with AKI in the MIMIC-IV database between 2008 and 2019. Recovery from AKI within 72 h of the initiating event was typically recognized as the short-term reversal of AKI. Conventional logistic regression and four different machine algorithms (XGBoost algorithm model, Bayesian networks [BNs], random forest [RF] model, and support vector machine [SVM] model) were used to develop and validate prediction models. The performance measures were compared through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC), calibration curves, and 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: A total of 12,321 critically ill adult AKI patients were included in our analysis cohort. The renal function recovery rate after AKI was 67.9%. The maximum and minimum serum creatinine (SCr) within 24 h of AKI diagnosis, the minimum SCr within 24 and 12 h, and antibiotics usage duration were independently associated with renal function recovery after AKI. Among the 8364 recovered patients, the maximum SCr within 24 h of AKI diagnosis, the minimum Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, the maximum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within 24 h, vasopressin and vancomycin usage, and the maximum lactate within 24 h were the top six predictors for short-term reversibility of AKI. The RF model presented the best performance for predicting both renal functional recovery (AU-ROC [0.8295 ± 0.01]) and early recovery (AU-ROC [0.7683 ± 0.03]) compared with the conventional logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum SCr within 24 h of AKI diagnosis was a common independent predictor of renal function recovery and the short-term reversibility of AKI. The RF machine learning algorithms showed a superior ability to predict the prognosis of AKI patients in the ICU compared with the traditional regression models. These models may prove to be clinically helpful and can assist clinicians in providing timely interventions, potentially leading to improved prognoses.

Salidroside ameliorates Adriamycin nephropathy in mice by inhibiting ß-catenin activity.

Salidroside is a major phenylethanoid glycoside in Rhodiola rosea L., a traditional Chinese medicine, with multiple biological activities. It has been shown that salidroside possesses protective effects for alleviating diabetic renal dysfunction, contrast-induced-nephropathy and other kidney diseases. However, the involved molecular mechanism was still not understood well. Herein, we examined the protective effects of salidroside in mice with Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that salidroside treatment ameliorates proteinuria; improves expressions of nephrin and podocin; and reduces kidney fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis induced by ADR. Mechanistically, ADR induces a robust accumulation of ß-catenin in the nucleus and stimulates its downstream target gene expression. The application of salidroside largely abolishes the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin and thus inhibits its activity. Furthermore, the activation of ß-catenin almost completely counteracts the protective roles of salidroside in ADR-injured podocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that salidroside ameliorates proteinuria, renal fibrosis and podocyte injury in ADR nephropathy, which may rely on inhibition of ß-catenin signalling pathway.

Formation of homochiral helical nanostructures in diblock copolymers under the confinement of nanopores.

The control of the homochirality of helical structures formed in achiral systems is of great interest as it is helpful for understanding the origin of homochirality in life. In this work, we introduce a spiral arrangement of patches into the inner surface of a nanopore to guide the self-assembly of a cylinder-forming AB diblock copolymer melt into a homochiral single helix. We calculate the free energy of the single-helical structures with different handedness using self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Moreover, we simulate the self-assembly process using an iterative process of SCFT solution starting from a disordered state, and count the formation probability of different helical structures. We find that the formation probability of the homochiral helix with favorable free energy increases rapidly, leading to the conclusion that a minuscule difference of 0.5-1.0 × 10-4kBT per chain is enough to obtain the homochiral helix by suppressing its counterpart of a higher free energy. However, for a stronger chiral guiding field, other homochiral helical structures with unfavorable handedness and thus increasingly higher free energy become more likely to be formed. Morphological snapshots during the self-assembly process reveal that the formation of these metastable helical structures is induced by their kinetic pathways, which are altered to be favorable by the strong chiral field of the patch pattern. Therefore, our work suggests that both thermodynamics and kinetics are important for controlling the chirality of helical structures.

Defect Patterns from Controlled Heterogeneous Nucleations by Polygonal Confinements.

Defects are often observed in crystalline structures. To regulate the formation or annihilation of defects presents an interesting question. In this work, we propose a method to fabricate defect patterns composed of regularly distributed steady "programmed defects", which is proceeded via the heterogeneous nucleation of a hexagonal pattern from a homogeneous state. The nucleation process occurring in a model system of AB-diblock/C-homopolymer blends under polygonal confinement is modeled by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory and is simulated by the cell dynamics simulations. Specifically, we demonstrate the validity of this method by means of three polygonal confinements including square, pentagon, and octagon, which have mismatched angles with the hexagonal lattice. Each corner or side of the polygons induces a nucleation event separately. Two nucleated domain grains by two neighboring corners or sides exhibit incommensurate orientations, and thus their merging leads to a radial line of clustered defects in the form of five-seven pairs. As a result, these radial lines constitute a radial pattern of defects, and their number is equal to the side number of the polygon. The distance of five-seven defect pairs is dictated by the incommensurate angle between two neighboring grains, which is similar to that of defects in hard crystals. This method can be extended to fabricate diverse defect patterns by programming the nucleation agents beyond simple polygonal confinements.

Identification of potential peripheral blood diagnostic biomarkers for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis by bioinformatics analysis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is common childhood rheumatic disease harming children health. However, there is still lack of effective biomarkers for diagnosis JIA at early onset. We aim to construct a classification model to predict JIA disease. The peripheral blood gene expression profile data of JIA were downloaded from GEO database. We compared and analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different JIA samples through Pearson's correlation coefficient method and unsupervised clustering analysis. Diagnostic model were constructed based on the deviation pathway through bioinformatics method. Eighteen specific correlated DEGs were obtained, but the correlations altered in different disease states. Although most JIA and control samples were clustered by unsupervised clustering analysis, respectively, a few JIA samples could not be clustered well. Four co-expression networks were next constructed with gene connections dynamically altered under variable conditions. Eight signaling pathways were significantly enriched including B/T cell receptor, ErbB and MAPK signaling pathways. The deviation scores of pathways were calculated. Applying these eight signaling pathways as feature to construct a classification model could predict JIA disease with high accuracies. Our data provide some light into pathogenic mechanism of JIA, the specific gene sets and the related signaling pathways may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets of JIA.

Atopy in children with the enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with a worse outcome.

UNLABELLED: We aimed to assess the influence of co-existing atopy on the prognosis of enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). Patients diagnosed with ERA between March 2006 and August 2012 were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and followed for 2 years. Management of patients was evaluated using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) pediatric (Pedi) 30/50/70 criteria and laboratory variables. A total of 151 ERA patients were enrolled at diagnosis and were divided into those with atopy (n = 62) and those without (n = 89). When compared with the non-atopic group, atopic patients had significantly more active joints at disease onset (4.72 vs. 3.75), more joints with limitation of motion (LOM) (1.45 vs. 0.87), more painful joints (3.61 vs. 2.80), and more swollen joints (1.02 vs. 0.69) (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). At 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, fewer ERA patients with atopy reached the ACR Pedi 50 and 70 criteria (at 3 months, 25.8 vs. 60.7 % and 11.3 vs. 34.8 %, respectively; at 6 months, 50 vs. 77.5 % and 22.6 vs. 58.4 %, respectively; at 12 months, 53.2 vs. 70.8 % and 33.9 vs. 55.1 %, respectively; at 18 months, 62.9 vs. 86.5 % and 56.5 vs. 78.7 %, respectively; at 24 months, 66.1 vs. 89.9 % and 61.3 vs. 78.7 %, respectively; all p < 0.05). During the 2 years of follow-up, the number of flares was significantly higher in ERA patients with co-existing atopy (1.48 vs. 0.70, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Co-existing atopy in children with ERA may exert an adverse influence on ERA, with atopic patients manifesting more active disease at diagnosis and poorer outcome. \

Measuring the content of 17 elements in the flesh of Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars by ICP-MS.

The present study compared the contents of inorganic elements in the pulp of purple, red, and yellow Prunus cerasifera with its cultivars. A method was established for the analysis of 17 kinds of trace elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Sr, Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in the flesh of Prunus cerasifera by microwave digestion-ICP-MS. The detection method is simple and quick, yet shoes high precision and high sensitivity. The recovery rate of 17 elements ranged, from 93.5% to 110.4%. The analysis results showed that the contents of 17 elements in the flesh of purple, red, and yellow Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars are similar, containing extremely rich K elements (as high as 1 per thousand) and higher contents of Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and Mn. The contents of Cu, Zn, Li, Se, Sr and Cr are also present. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and other harmful element are either very low or not detectable. The experimental results for the study of trace elements in pulp of Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars provide empirical data for. future research in this area.

[Application of asthma predictive index-based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age].

OBJECTIVE: To study the application value of asthma predictive index (API)-based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age. METHODS: A total of 239 wheezing children under 5 years of age were divided into API-positive (n=126) and API-negative groups (n=113). Each group was randomly assigned to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) subgroup and montelukast sodium (leukotriene receptor antagonist, LTRA) subgroup. The ICS and LTRA subgroups received the same drug therapy at the same dosage within the first four weeks of treatment. In the stable period of disease, the ICS subgroup only received aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension, while the LTRA group was orally given montelukast sodium only. Asthma symptom scores were assessed and recorded at different time points. RESULTS: In the first four weeks of treatment, ICS and LTRA were effective both in the API-positive and API-negative groups; the two groups showed significant improvements in asthma symptom scores, and the asthma symptom score showed no significant difference between the ICS and LTRA subgroups of each group. After 24 weeks of treatment, the two therapies were still effective; in the API-positive group, the LTRA subgroup had a better treatment outcome than the ICS subgroup, but there was no significant difference in treatment outcome between the LTRA and ICS subgroups of the API-negative group. CONCLUSIONS: For wheezing children under 5 years of age, therapeutic strategies can be chosen based on API in the stable period of disease, so as to better control wheezing.

A new hybrid gyroscope with electrostatic negative stiffness tuning.

A variety of gyroscopes have been extensively studied due to their capability of precision detection of rotation rates and extensive applications in navigation, guidance and motion control. In this work, a new Hybrid Gyroscope (HG) which combines the traditional Dynamically Tuned Gyroscope (DTG) with silicon micromachined technology is investigated. The HG not only has the potentiality of achieving the same high precision as the traditional DTG, but also features a small size and low cost. The theoretical mechanism of the HG with a capacitance transducer and an electrostatic torquer is derived and the influence of the installation errors from the capacitance plate and the disc rotor module is investigated. A new tuning mechanism based on negative stiffness rather than the traditional dynamic tuning is proposed. The experimental results prove that the negative stiffness tuning is practicable and a tuning voltage of as high as 63 V is demonstrated. Due to the decreased installation error, the non-linearity of the scale factor is reduced significantly from 11.78% to 0.64%, as well as the asymmetry from 93.3% to 1.56% in the open loop condition. The rebalancing close-loop control is simulated and achieved experimentally, which proves that the fundamental principle of the HG is feasible.

[Determination of elements in branches and leaves and the fruits of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. from different habitats in Xinjiang by microwave digestion-ICP-AES].

The contents of ten elements Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and As in branches and leaves and the fruits of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. from different habitats in Xinjiang were determined by ICP-AES using microwave digestion. The study indicated that the contents of elements in branches and leaves and the fruits of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. from different habitats in Xinjiang are different, and the contents of elements in branches are richer than that in the fruits of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. The contents of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu are all high, and the harmful elements such as Pb and As are low. The results provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of the medicinal resource of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. in Xinjiang.

Resveratrol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells by increasing miR-181a-5p expression.

Resveratrol (Res) has anti-inflammation and antiosteoporosis functions. We evaluated the effect of Res on osteoclast differentiation by releasing inflammatory cytokines from osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the study, LPS (1 ng/L) was used to induce the Raw 264.7 inflammatory injury model in vitro. A total of 25 ng/mL M-CSF + 30 ng/mL RANKL or plus 1 µg/L LPS was used to induce osteoclastogenesis in the experiments. We utilized the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to measure the relative cell survival of RAW 264.7 cells. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to measure the abundance of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was applied to assess the abundance of phosphorylated transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (P-TAK1) protein, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor-κB inhibitor protein (IκB), phosphorylated IκB-α (P-IκB-α), and nuclear factor κB65 (NF-κB65). mRNA expression levels of miR-181a-5p, TRAF6, specific gene calcitonin receptor (CTR), activated T nuclear factor 1 (NFATC1), cathepsin K (CTSK), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were determined via a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclast bone resorption function was determined. Finally, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed.The results found that Compared with the model group, the degrees of expressions of supernatant inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 were substantially attenuated in the Res treatment group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the extent of miR-181a-5p expression in the RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased, whereas P-IκB-α, P-TAK1, NF-κB65, and TRAF6 expressions significantly decreased in the Res treatment group as opposed to the model group (p < 0.05). The CTR, NFATC1, MMP-9, CTSK, and TRAP mRNA expression levels were substantially reduced during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in the Res treatment group.The results suggest that Res can reduce the RAW 264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclasts and relieve LPS-stimulated osteoporosis, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the Res-inhibited activity of the TRAF6/TAK1 pathway through the increased miR-181a-5p expression.

Magnetic field-driven biochemical landscape of browning abatement in goat milk using spatial-omics uncovers.

Influence of magnetic field (MF) treatment on the glycation of goat milk proteins is yet to be elucidated. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of brown goat milk samples with and without MF treatment were performed. Assessed glycation degree and structural modification of proteins explained that MF treatment dramatically down-regulated the glycation of brown goat milk protein, possibly due to the aggregation behavior induced by MF treatment, which consumed additional glycation sites as well as altered their accessibility and preference. Integrated datasets uncovered that the energy metabolism-related biological events including carbohydrate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, TCA cycle may mainly account for the browning abatement mechanism of MF. In addition, MF treatment enhanced both the quality and flavor of brown goat milk. This study suggests the feasibility of MF treatment to reduce glycation in brown goat milk for producing high-quality dairy ingredients and products.

Dynamic Perfusion Representation and Aggregation Network for Nodule Segmentation Using Contrast-Enhanced US.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging has been widely applied in lesion detection and characterization, due to its offered real-time observation of microvascular perfusion. Accurate lesion segmentation is of great importance to the quantitative and qualitative perfusion analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic perfusion representation and aggregation network (DpRAN) for the automatic segmentation of lesions using dynamic CEUS imaging. The core challenge of this work lies in enhancement dynamics modeling of various perfusion areas. Specifically, we divide enhancement features into the two scales: short-range enhancement patterns and long-range evolution tendency. To effectively represent real-time enhancement characteristics and aggregate them in a global view, we introduce the perfusion excitation (PE) gate and cross-attention temporal aggregation (CTA) module, respectively. Different from the common temporal fusion methods, we also introduce an uncertainty estimation strategy to assist the model to locate the critical enhancement point first, in which a relatively distinguished enhancement pattern is displayed. The segmentation performance of our DpRAN method is validated on our collected CEUS datasets of thyroid nodules. We obtain the mean dice coefficient (DSC) and intersection of union (IoU) of 0.794 and 0.676, respectively. Superior performance demonstrates its efficacy to capture distinguished enhancement characteristics for lesion recognition.