MAFLD and glomerular hyperfiltration in subjects with prediabetes, visceral obesity and "preserved" kidney function: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in prediabetes, visceral obesity, and preserved kidney function, and explore whether MAFLD is associated with hyperfiltration. METHODS: We analyzed data from 6697 Spanish civil servants, aged 18-65 years, with fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 and ≤ 125 mg/dL (prediabetes, ADA), waist circumference ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women (visceral obesity, IDF) and de-indexed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min, collected during occupational health visits. The association between MAFLD and hyperfiltration (eGFR > age- and sex-specific 95th percentile) was tested by multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Overall, 4213 patients (62.9%) had MAFLD, and 330 (4.9%) were hyperfiltering. MAFLD was more frequent in hyperfiltering than in non-hyperfiltering subjects (86.4% vs 61.7%, P < 0.001). BMI, waist circumference, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and prevalence of hypertension were higher in hyperfiltering than in non-hyperfiltering subjects (P < 0.05). MAFLD was independently associated with hyperfiltration, even after adjusting for common confounders [OR (95% CI): 3.36 (2.33-4.84), P < 0.001]. In stratified analyses MAFLD potentiated age-related eGFR decline vs. non-MAFLD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of subjects with prediabetes, visceral obesity and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min presented MAFLD that was associated with hyperfiltration and potentiated the age-related eGFR decline.

Occupational and Leisure Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk and Body Composition Among Courier Workers.

OBJECTIVE: There is some controversy about the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) on cardiovascular risk (CVR). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of the combination of different frequencies of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and two types of OPA on CVR and body composition, and whether the association between physical activity (PA) and CVR was mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included data from 2516 couriers living in Spain, delivering either by motorbike or foot, and practicing LTPA never, occasionally, or regularly. Couriers were classified into six categories according to LTPA and OPA; body composition was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, and CVR by the Framingham equation. General linear models were performed to explore the association between different categories with each outcome (CVR and body composition) and the possible role of VAT as a mediator between PA and CVR. RESULTS: Compared with the most sedentary group (motorbike couriers that never practice PA), walking couriers who practice regular PA presented the lowest CVR [ß -1.58 (95% CI -2.31; -0.85)] and the lowest VAT [ß -2.86 (95% CI -3.74; -1.98) followed by the motorbike couriers who practiced regular PA [ß -0.51 (95% CI -1.00; -0.03) for CVR and ß -2.33 (95% CI -2.91; -1.75) for VAT]. The association between PA and CVR was partially mediated by VAT. CONCLUSION: The present results indicated that both OPA and LTPA are protective factors for CVR and play an important role on VAT accumulation.

[Family habits related to the excessive use of recreational screens (television and video games) in childhood.] / Hábitos familiares relacionados con el uso excesivo de pantallas recreativas (televisión y videojuegos) en la infancia.

OBJECTIVE: An increase in screen time has been observed among children despite the impact on health. This study was aimed to analyze if the child population complies with health recommendations for adequate use of recreational screens (television and video games) and to evaluate associated variables. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 521 children between 6 months and 14 years old who attended Primary Care. A self-administered survey was used to collect sociodemographic variables, child's recreational screens time, the parent's television (TV) time, and related environmental and sociocultural variables. RESULTS: 521 surveys were carried out (55.2% boys and 44.8% girls). Recreational screen time in children under 2 years of age averaged 71 minutes/day and increased to 160 minutes/day in those over 10 years old. Boys had 30% more video game time than girls. A total of 80% of the sample started using TV before 2 years of age. The modifiable variables that showed an independent association with excess of time spent on recreational screens were the parental TV time (OR 4.34; 95% CI: 2.48-7.72), maintaining the "background TV on often" (OR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.07-2.72) and watching TV usually alone (OR 2.08; 95%: 1.30-3.32). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the child population does not comply with the main recommendations of health organizations regarding the adequate use of recreational screens. Our results indicated that environmental and cultural variables influence screen time. Our findings can contribute to design strategies to improve the use of recreational screens in childhood.

OBJETIVO: El abuso de pantallas recreativas se ha relacionado con repercusiones negativas para la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la población infantil cumple las recomendaciones sanitarias de uso adecuado de pantallas recreativas (televisión y videojuegos) y evaluar las variables asociadas a un uso inadecuado. METODOS: Estudio transversal con 521 niños de entre 6 meses y 14 años que acudieron a consultas de Atención Primaria. Se utilizó una encuesta auto administrada para recoger variables sociodemográficas, tiempo de uso de pantallas recreativas del niño/a, tiempo de televisión (TV) del progenitor y variables ambientales y socioculturales relacionadas con el uso de pantallas. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística binaria para evaluar la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, ambientales y socioculturales y el abuso de pantallas recreativas en los niños (tiempo superior a 2 horas/día). RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 521 encuestas (55,2% niños y 44,8% niñas). El tiempo medio de pantallas recreativas en los menores de 2 años fue de 71 minutos/día y aumentó hasta 160 minutos/día en los mayores de 10 años. Los niños presentaron un 30% más de tiempo de videojuegos que las niñas. El 80% de la muestra inició el uso de TV antes de los 2 años. Las variables modificables que mostraron asociación independiente con exceso de tiempo de pantallas recreativas fueron el tiempo de TV de progenitores (OR 4,34; IC95%: 2,48-7,72), mantener la "TV de fondo" (OR 1,70; IC 95%: 1,07-2,71) y ver TV habitualmente solo (OR 2,08; IC95%: 1,30 3,31). CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de la población infantil no cumple las recomendaciones de las organizaciones sanitarias respecto las pantallas recreativas. Nuestros resultados indican que existen variables ambientales y culturales que influyen en el abuso de pantallas. Estos hallazgos pueden orientar el diseño de estrategias que mejoren el uso de las pantallas recreativas en la población infantil.