RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by prolonged elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes self-management education and support programs are widely used in western countries. The impact of social media education and support interventions such as a WhatsApp-based program and the nurses' role in supporting and implementing this self-management program unclear. Using a WhatsApp-based program, we evaluated the effects of a 6-week program in improving self-efficacy and education among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Eligible participants (n = 80) were recruited with the support of nurses into a randomized controlled trial and randomly assigned into self-management intervention and control groups. The intervention group (n = 40) received the self-management program support and the usual care. The control group (n = 40) received only the usual care with nurses' support. Results from generalized estimating equation analysis showed a significant increase in self-efficacy, self-management, and education in the WhatsApp-based intervention support group compared with the control group at 6 and 12 weeks (follow-up). Implementing the program via social media improves self-efficacy. The use of social media platforms should be promoted for global diabetes management.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Autogestão , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Autocuidado/métodos , Grupos de Autoajuda , Autogestão/métodos , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
AIM: This integrative review aimed to synthesise the available quantitative and qualitative studies on the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) delivered through social media on glycaemic control (HbA1c), knowledge, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression and self-efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus. BACKGROUND: DSME is the main component of diabetes management which contributes to behavioural changes and the improvement of metabolic control and self-monitoring skills. Due to limited face-to-face access to healthcare services, social media has increasingly been used to deliver DSME for people with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of reviews addressing the effectiveness of using social media in delivering DSME. DESIGN: An integrative review was conducted based on Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology. METHODS: The following databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE, EMCare and Google Scholar. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was used. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Facebook and WhatsApp were the most common social media platforms used to deliver DSME intervention. Nurses were the most frequent DSME providers. The duration and content of DSME in the reviewed studies varied. Consistent positive outcomes were found on glycaemic control, diabetic knowledge and self-efficacy. No studies considered the effect of DSME on HRQoL, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Social media DSME can be effective in reducing HbA1c levels, increasing diabetic knowledge and self-efficacy. Further studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of using social media to deliver DSME intervention on HRQoL, anxiety and depression. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This review provides nurses and healthcare professionals with evidence to support the use of social media to deliver DSME for people with diabetes. DSME delivered via social media supported by nurses would overcome limitations of face-to-face delivery such as geographical distance, travelling time, or other limited resources by patients with diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Ansiedade , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
RATIONAL: Online Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) offers people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accessible and tailored education, utilising innovative and interactive tools such as social media to enhance engagement and outcomes. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of social media-based DSMES in improving health outcomes, there remains a significant gap in qualitative insights regarding participants' experiences. AIM: This study aims to explore the experiences of people with T2DM who are using a newly developed WhatsApp-based DSMES. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted. Data consisted of 23 semi-structured phone interviews with people with T2DM who had received the WhatsApp-based DSMES. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The present study adheres to the COREQ guidelines. RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) acceptability of the programme, (2) flexible accessibility of the programme, (3) promoting healthy lifestyle and (4) future preferences for the programme use. CONCLUSION: This study explored the experiences of people with T2DM participating in a 6-week WhatsApp-based DSMES. The findings indicated that the programme was acceptable, accessible, effectively revealing necessary self-management knowledge and skills, and provided essential support from professional and peer. The study also indicated that WhatsApp-based programmes could be feasibly implemented in various populations, healthcare settings and communities to support people with T2DM globally.