RESUMO
The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date and all-encompassing account of the recent advancements in the domain of interactive wound dressings. Considering the gap between the achieved and desired clinical outcomes with currently available or under-study wound healing therapies, newer more specific options based on the wound type and healing phase are reviewed. Starting from the comprehensive description of the wound healing process, a detailed classification of wound dressings is presented. Subsequently, we present an elaborate and significant discussion describing interactive (unconventional) wound dressings. Latter includes biopolymer-based, bioactive-containing and biosensor-based smart dressings, which are discussed in separate sections together with their applications and limitations. Moreover, recent (2-5 years) clinical trials, patents on unconventional dressings, marketed products, and other information on advanced wound care designs and techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the future research direction is highlighted, describing peptides, proteins, and human amniotic membranes as potential wound dressings. Finally, we conclude that this field needs further development and offers scope for integrating information on the healing process with newer technologies.
RESUMO
Introduction: Healthcare providers are vulnerable to occupational health hazards. However, they do not appropriately apprehend the serious health consequences of occupational exposures. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of "Occupational health hazards and vaccination" workshop organized periodically in institute. Material and Methods: We validated the questionnaire prior to assess the effectiveness of workshop. Expert performed "key check" of questionnaire. Item analysis of one best item questions was performed using difficulty index (p value), discrimination indices (DI), distractor efficiency (DE), and reliability using Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficients (KR20). Pre-test and post-test scores of study participants were compared. Effectiveness of workshop was determined using class average normalized gain. Result: The 14 item one-best questions had acceptable difficulty level (60.35 ± 9.46%) and ideal discriminating power (0.75 ± 0.17) with mean DE 73.81 ± 22.46%. The test was found highly reliable with KR20 as 0.90. Mean score in pre-test and post-test were 6.47 ± 3.38 and 13.69 ± 1.51, respectively, and significant improvement in post-test score was found compared to pre-test score. Class average normalized gain was 0.84. Conclusion: The Occupational health hazards and vaccination workshop effectively improved healthcare providers' knowledge regarding workplace safety protocols. Questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. Low baseline knowledge highlights the fact that implementation of such training on regular basis is the need of hour.
RESUMO
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase expression is associated with oxidative stress. Existing techniques for the individual staining of SOD and catalase have been described in the past. The objective of this study was to achieve a simple and rapid technique for the double staining of bacterial SOD and catalase on the same polyacrylamide gel. SOD detection was carried out using nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction followed by ferricyanide precipitation for negative staining of the catalase enzyme on the same gel. The staining procedure resulted in pale blue SOD bands while catalase appeared as yellow bands against a greenish blue background on the same gel. This technique was used to detect changes in the polymorphic forms of these enzymes in Deinococcus radiodurans R1 and Kocuria sp. C2 subjected to stresses like UV and gamma radiation and desiccation.