Nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of Cycloalkyl Silyl Peroxides with Boronic Acids.

A nickel-catalyzed Suzuki alkyl-aryl coupling of cycloalkyl silyl peroxides with boronic acids is reported. The primary and secondary ketoalkyl electrophiles generated through C-C bond cleavage were amenable, providing rapid access to a variety of distal arylated alkyl ketones. A radical pathway is proposed for this reaction.

Redox-Neutral Cyanoalkylation/Cyclization of Olefinic 1,3-Dicarbonyls with Cycloketone Oxime Esters: Access to Cyanoalkylated Dihydrofurans.

Metal-catalyzed cyanoalkylation/cyclization of olefinic 1,3-dicarbonyls with cycloketone oxime esters has been developed under redox-neutral conditions. This protocol provided a straightforward approach to diverse cyanoalkylated 2,3-dihydrofurans via a tandem ring-opening/addition/cyclization process.

Metal-Free, Visible-Light-Promoted Decarboxylative Radical Cyclization of Vinyl Azides with N-Acyloxyphthalimides.

A visible-light-mediated decarboxylative cyclization of N-acyloxylphthalimides with vinyl azides has been developed under metal-free conditions. This protocol features mild conditions, a broad substrate scope, and an excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing a facile and efficient access to substituted phenanthridines. Control experiments revealed that the reaction proceeded via a radical process.

Visible-Light-Mediated Dual Decarboxylative Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with α,ß-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.

An efficient visible-light-induced decarboxylative coupling between α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids and alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters has been developed. A wide range of redox-active esters derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids (1°, 2° and 3°) proved viable in this dual decarboxylation process, affording a broad scope of substituted alkenes in moderate to excellent yields with good E/Z selectivities. This redox-neutral procedure was highlighted by its mild conditions, operational simplicity, easy accessibility of carboxylic acids, and excellent functional-group tolerance.

Copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of vinyl azides with benzylic Csp3-H bonds for the synthesis of substituted phenanthridines.

A copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of vinyl azides with benzylic Csp3-H bonds via a tandem dual C-H functionalization process has been developed. This procedure allows access to substituted phenanthridines containing a variety of functional groups. In addition to benzyl hydrocarbons, other substrates containing unactivated Csp3-H bonds, such as ethers and alkanes could also be applied successfully to this transformation.

Perception and Practice of Bariatric Surgery and Reproductive Health in Women: a Cross-sectional Study of Chinese Bariatric Surgeons.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Western studies have explored bariatric surgeons concerning their views on bariatric surgery (BS) and reproductive health, but Asian data were lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the perception and practice of bariatric surgeons on the reproductive health of female patients who underwent BS in China to better guide clinical practice and improve clinical outcomes. METHOD: An online questionnaire of 31 questions developed by bariatric surgeons was collected by sending to one online communication group (WeChat group) whose members are Chinese bariatric surgeons. RESULT: A total of 87 bariatric surgeons from mainland China were surveyed. Almost all (97.7%, 85/87) surgeons considered the reproductive health conversation for women who underwent BS to be important or very important. Only 1/4 of surgeons routinely discuss reproductive health-related issues with patients, and only 56% of doctors always ask patients for postoperative contraception. Less than 20% of bariatric surgeons have full knowledge of postoperative contraception, and nearly 40% of them believe that gynecologists should be responsible for providing contraception. More than 35% of bariatric surgeons have never been involved in the co-management of pregnancy in patients with a history of BS. CONCLUSION: Although most bariatric surgeons are aware of the importance of female reproductive health, there is a large gap in the perception and clinical practice of bariatric surgeons in terms of reproductive health. It is necessary to further strengthen the education of bariatric surgeons and enhance multidisciplinary cooperation with gynecology, obstetrics, and other disciplines to bring better clinical outcomes.

Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery on Women's Reproductive Health: a Narrative Review.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is escalating as the most efficient and endurable therapy for severe obesity. Women's reproductive health is essential to women's quality of life and is receiving increasing attention. However, despite the high prevalence of BS among women, the effect of BS on reproductive health remains underemphasis. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of BS on women's reproductive health, including their reproductive health before, during, and after pregnancy. Although limited attention has been given, current evidence highlights the substantial implications of bariatric surgery on reproductive health and reminds us of the importance of adopting decision-making conversations about reproductive health before bariatric surgery.

Incidence and Intensity of Early Dumping Syndrome and Its Association with Health-Related Quality of Life Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dumping syndrome (DS) is a shared but underappreciated complication after metabolic-bariatric surgery. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and intensity of symptoms suggestive of DS and their relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was performed for all patients with a history of sleeve gastrectomy between July 2017 and July 2022 in our center. Basial clinic statistics were gathered from electronic medical database, the prevalence and severity of DS were assessed by Dumping Symptom Rating Scale (DSRS), and HRQOL is collected through the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36). RESULT: In total, 133 of 202 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate 65.8%). A total of 64.7% (N = 86) of participants were female, aged 34.0 (IQR 26.0-39.0) years at completion of the questionnaire, with a mean body mass index of 35.8 (IQR 31.4-40.5) kg/m2. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of DS was 45.9% (N = 61), and the associated protective factor was the time between surgery and study. Compared with the patients without DS, patients with DS scored significantly worse on four of eight SF-36 subdomains. CONCLUSION: Symptoms suggestive of early dumping syndrome after sleeve gastrectomy are common and are associated with a worse health-related quality of life, which deserves clinical attention. Additional counselling, education, and care are needed to mitigate the decline in quality of life caused by dumping symptoms.

Evaluation of Six Noninvasive Methods for the Detection of Fibrosis in Chinese Patients with Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

PURPOSE: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and liver fibrosis has been proven to be associated with liver disease related events and total mortality. Several noninvasive methods have been developed, but whether those methods are suitable for the detection of fibrosis in Chinese patients with obesity and NAFLD has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), modified aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (m-APRI), BARD (BARD (BMI (body mass index) > 28 = 1 point, AAR (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) > 0.8 = 2 points, DM (diabetes mellitus) = 1 point)), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis in Chinese patients with obesity and NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study consisted of 100 patients. The accuracy of FIB-4, APRI, m-APRI, BARD, NFS, and SWE in the assessment of significant or advanced liver fibrosis in Chinese patients with obesity and NAFLD was compared. RESULTS: Weight and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were independent risk factors for liver fibrosis. SWE, APRI, and m-APRI had significant efficiency in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with obesity and NAFLD. APRI and SWE were superior to the other methods in the diagnosis of significant and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with obesity and NAFLD. APRI and SWE showed no statistically significant difference in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Weight and ALT are independent risk factors for liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD patients. SWE and APRI have predictive value for significant and advanced fibrosis of NAFLD in Chinese patients with obesity.

Chiral assembly of organic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission.

Chirality is important to chemistry, biology and optoelectronic materials. The study on chirality has lasted for more than 170 years since its discovery. Recently, chiral materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have attracted increasing interest because of their fascinating photophysical properties. In this review, we discussed the recent development of chiral materials with AIE properties, including their molecular structures, self-assembly and functions. Generally, the most effective strategy to design a chiral AIE luminogen (AIEgen) is to attach a chiral scaffold to an AIE-active fluorophore through covalent bonds. Moreover, some propeller-like or shell-like AIEgens without chiral units exhibit latent chirality upon mirror image symmetry breaking. The chirality of achiral AIEgens can also be induced by some optically active molecules through non-covalent interactions. The introduction of an AIE unit into chiral materials can enhance the efficiency of their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the solid state and the dissymmetric factors of their helical architectures formed through self-assembly. Thus, highly efficient circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CPOLEDs) with AIE characteristics are developed and show great potential in 3D displays. Chiral AIEgens are also widely utilized as "turn on" sensors for rapid enantioselective determination of chiral reagents. It is anticipated that the present review can entice readers to realize the importance of chirality and attract much more chemists to contribute their efforts to chirality and AIE study.

Visualization of Enantiorecognition and Resolution by Chiral AIEgens.

Enantioselective recognition and separation have attracted much attention in pharmaceutical analysis, food chemistry, and life science. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to achieve such purposes using optically active luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. These AIE luminogens (AIEgens) show strong enantiomeric discrimination for 12 kinds of chiral acids and unprotected amino acids. In particular, an exceptionally high enantioselectivity for d/l-Boc-glutamic acid was observed, as demonstrated by the large difference between the formed AIEgen/acid complexes. Due to the AIE effect, enantioselective separation was achieved by aggregation of the AIEgens with one enantiomer in the mixed acid solution. Through analysis of the fluorescence standard curve, the aggregates of AIEgen/chiral acid possessed 90% d-analyte, from which the enantiomeric excess (ee) value was assessed to be 80% ee. Such a result is in good agreement with that (91% d-analyte and 82% ee) by chiral HPLC analysis. Thus, this simple one-step aggregation method can serve as a preliminary screening tool for high-throughput analysis or separation of chiral chemicals.

Enantioselective recognition of chiral acids by supramolecular interactions with chiral AIEgens.

Novel chiral AIEgens bearing optically pure amino groups were synthesized and showed excellent discrimination for a series of chiral acidic compounds and amino acids. Interestingly, after supramolecular assembly with 4-sulfocalix[4]arene, the obtained complexes showed enhanced enantioselectivity for chiral acids.

[Construction and application of a new index for quantifying root erosion resistance: Root framework erosion resistance index]. / ä¸€ç§é‡åŒ–æ ¹ç³»æŠ—ä¾µèš€æŒ‡æ ‡çš„æž„å»ºåŠåº”ç”¨:æ ¹ç³»æž„æž¶æŠ—èš€æŒ‡æ•°.

The matching of root system is a key factor driving the resistance of plant community to soil erosion. In this study, Amoeba graphical method was used to establish a root framework erosion resistance index (ERIrf, %) from three dimensions of root morphology, quantity and spatial concerns to quantify the effective of root erosion resistance by plant community. We analyzed root growth characteristics of plant community from abandoned land, Caragana korshinskii and Robinia pseudoacacia communities in loess hilly area. The results showed that the parameters of constructing the root framework erosion resistance index included the acting coefficient of root framework (α), root density (Rb, kg·m-3), root framework degree (S), soil bulk density (ρ, g·cm-3), and soil and water conservation coefficient (φ). The equation could be expressed as ERIrf=α×Rd×S×φρ×100%. This root framework erosion resistance index well represented the erosion resistance effects of plant root system. Logarithmic function could better fit the relationship between soil erosion resis-tance ability and root framework erosion resistance index. Our findings would provide scientific reference for the construction of anti-erosion vegetation community and assessment of ecological construction.

Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Olefination of Unstrained Carbon-Carbon Bonds Relying on Alkoxyl Radical Induced Cascade.

An iron-catalyzed decarboxylative olefination of unstrained carbon-carbon bonds via alkoxyl radical induced C-C bond cleavage is presented. This protocol features mild conditions (room temperature, redox-neutral), good substrate scope and functional group compatibility, as well as excellent stereoselectivity, thus providing a facile access to the distal alkenyl ketones.

Ni-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Ring-Opening/Radical Addition/Ring-Closing Cascade of Cycloketone Oxime Esters and Vinyl Azides.

A nickel-catalyzed iminyl radical-triggered C-C bond cleavage/radical addition/cyclization cascade of oxime esters and vinyl azides is described. This protocol enables rapid access to the cyanoalkylated 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyrroles and phenanthridines in good yields via adjustment of the substrate's properties. Moreover, these reactions proceed under mild and redox-neutral conditions with a board substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.

Transition-metal free C-C bond cleavage/borylation of cycloketone oxime esters.

An efficient transition-metal free C-C bond cleavage/borylation of cycloketone oxime esters has been described. In this reaction, the B2(OH)4 reagent not only served as the boron source but also acted as an electron donor source through formation of a complex with a DMAc-like Lewis base. This complex could be used as an efficient single electron reductant in other ring-opening transformations of cycloketone oxime esters. Free-radical trapping, radical-clock, and DFT calculations all suggest a radical pathway for this transformation.

[Effects of consecutive application of composted sewage sludge on active organic nitrogen fractions in the sandy fluvo-aquic soil.] / è¿žç»­æ–½ç”¨æ— å®³åŒ–æ±¡æ³¥å †è‚¥å¯¹æ²™è´¨æ½®åœŸæ´»æ€§æœ‰æœºæ°®ç»„åˆ†çš„å½±å“.

A field experiment was conducted with sandy fluvo-aquic soil under wheat-maize rotation system during 2012 to 2016 in Henan Province, with four treatments: Chemical fertilizer (CK), composted sewage sludge (CS) 15 t·hm-2(CS1), 30 t·hm-2(CS2), 45 t·hm-2(CS3). We investigated the effects of CS on soil active organic nitrogen and its allocation ratio. Results showed that CS significantly enhanced soil water content, decreased soil pH, increased contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (TN) and available nutrients. Soil TN was increased by 93.1%-284.3%. The CS3 treatment significantly improved the content of light fraction organic nitrogen (LFON), particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). CS treatments promoted the allocation of PON/TN and MBN/TN. with an enhancement of 12.3% and 539.9% in the CS2 treatment, respectively. The distributions of LFON/TN and DON/TN were decreased by 17.3%-40.1% and 38.5%-71.3%, respectively. The contribution of soil active organic nitrogen fractions to TN was: PON>LFON>DON>MBN. Results from the principal component analysis showed that organic nitrogen and their distribution had high load value in CS2 and CS3 treatments. Results from redundancy analysis showed that positive correlations existed between the soil physicochemistry, enzymatic activity and soil active organic nitrogen as well as their distribution. In summary, CS had positive impacts on soil organic matter, soil properties, and the formation of active organic nitrogen. The rates of 30 and 45 t·hm-2 CS application had significant effects on soil fertility, which could be an effective way to improve sandy fluvo-aquic soil quality.

[Influence of the Application of Non-Hazardous Sewage Sludge on the Evolution of Soil Carbon Pool and Carbon Pool Management Index].

The products of non-hazardous commercial sewage sludge were utilized in the accordance of the national standard in the experiment with sandy fluvo-aquic soil under wheat-maize rotation system during 2013 to 2015. The experiment focused on the effects of the use of non-hazardous sewage sludge on soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index to provide theoretical and technical basis for the resource utilization of non-hazardous sewage sludge. The results showed that compared with CK, soil amended sludge significantly improved soil total organic carbon (TOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), labile organic carbon (LOC),and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to 8.40-14.74 g·kg-1, 164.45-257.45 mg·kg-1, 3.58-4.88 g·kg-1and 81.16-101.58 mg·kg-1, soil amended sludge significantly enhanced SMBC, LOC and DOC by 84.00%-188.07%, 26.26%-58.03%, and 109.58%-185.39% (P<0.05) respectively, and 45 t·hm-2 sewage sludge (W3) had the most significant impact on soil carbon pool. The soil microbial entropy (SMBC/TOC), and utilization of labile organic carbon (LOC/TOC) increased by 8.02%-2.77% and 13.75%-46.48% respectively, and the utilization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC/TOC) significantly decreased by 153.45%-195.40% (P<0.05). SMBC/TOC, LOC/TOC, and DOC/TOC declined in treatments of soil amended sludge due to increased application of sewage sludge, which indicated that soil amended with 45 t·hm-2 of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon resulting in the decease of the ratio. L and LI decreased with the increasing amount of sewage sludge indicating that soil amended with 45 t·hm-2 of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon and was conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon. Soil amended with sludge significantly increased carbon pool management index (CMPI) by 153.45%-195.40% (P<0.05), and W3 had the most significant effect on CMPI. Compared with TOC, CMPI could be more sensitive and direct to reflect the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and carbon pools through the correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. In summary, the application of 15-45 t·hm-2 sewage sludge could significantly enhance the soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index, especially 45 t·hm-2 sewage sludge (W3).

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China.

Natural surface coating samples (NSCSs) from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments (SSs) in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) using the modified sequential extraction procedure (MSEP). The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fractions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase (76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs) and Fe-oxides phase (20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs). Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase (48.27%) and that in SSs present as residual phase (45.44%). Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions (>48%), and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter (OM), and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.

[Effects of Different Organic Materials on Bio-availability of Cd, Pb in a Contaminated Greenhouse Soil].

A two-season soil culture experiment was continually conducted to study the effects of three organic materials,namely Danty, Peat and Biochar,respectively,on combined forms and bio-availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under Cd and Pb in single and combined pollution during 2014-2015. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for remediating greenhouse soil contaminated with heavy metals Cd and Pb using organic materials. The main results were as follows: the content of DTPA-Cd decreased significantly by 11.9%(P<0.05) in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the application of danty, the total of exchangeable Cd, carbonate-bound Cd and iron-manganese oxide bound Cd was reduced by 26.4% and 34.4% in the soil, and the accumulation of Cd in shoots was significantly cut down by 32.0% and 28.0% (P<0.05) respectively in Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution after applying danty; the content of DTPA-Pb was significantly depleted by 83.5% and 83.8%(P<0.05), the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 34.5% and 13.9% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 32.0% and 30.0% (P<0.05) in Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution respectively as the use of danty. The content of DTPA-Cd was significantly decreased by 18.9% (P<0.05) in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the use of peat, the accumulation of Cd in shoots was reduced by 38.0% and 23.4%(P<0.05) in Cd single and Cd-Pb combined pollution respectively after the application of peat; The content of DTPA-Pb was significantly decreased by 2.7% and 7.2%(P<0.05), the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 15.8% and 14.6% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 12.7% and 23.4% (P<0.05) respectively in Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution due to the application of peat. The pH value of the soil was increased by the use of biochar, the content of DTPA-Cd was reduced by 4.7% and 15.0% respectively in the soil of Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution, and the accumulation of Cd in shoots was significantly minified by 38.0% and 23.4% respectively in Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution as the application of biochar. The content of DTPA-Pb was decreased by 6.8% and 1.0% and the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was cut down by 11.9% and 30.0% in the soil of Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution respectively by the application of biochar. The content of Cd in plant was most significantly positively correlated with the content of exchangeable Cd in soil (P<0.01). The content of Pb in plant was most significantly positively correlated with the total of exchangeable Pb, carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb (P<0.01). In summary, after the application of danty, peat and biochar, the proportion of highly active content of Cd and Pb was minified through adjusting soil pH and immobilizing Cd and Pb by means of adsorption and complexation in greenhouse soil. With the analysis of input-output, the application of danty, peat and biochar costs 4050 yuan·hm-2, 11250 yuan·hm-2 and 22500 yuan·hm-2, respectively. Thus danty, peat and biochar could be used as effective organic agents in the remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated greenhouse soil.