[Change in bone mineral density in female patients with hyperthyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the course and menopause on the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in female patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: BMDs of hip and lumbar vertebrae were measured by dual-energy X-rays absorptiometry(DEXA) in the female patients (n=192, aged 14 approximately 72). Patients were divided into 2 groups (premenopausal and postmenopausal)and 2 subgroups(short-course and long-course). The BMDs were compared between those of age-matched, weight-matched, height-matched and body mass index matched control subgroups. RESULTS: In the premenopausal hyperthyroidic patients, only the BMDs of the second and total lumbar vertebrae with long-course were significantly lower than those of short-course group(P< 0.05). In the post-menopausal group with the long-course,each BMD measured had a lower level compared with that with short-course, of which the hip and the second lumber vertebrae were evident (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The course and menopause have an effect on the BMDs in female patients with hyperthyroidism.

[Characteristics and Sources of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Summer Precipitation of Taiyuan City, China].

To investigate the characteristics and sources of dissolved heavy metals in precipitation of Taiyuan, 61 precipitation samples were collected using an automated dry and wet sampler from 2013 to 2015 during summertime. The concentrations of 12 dissolved heavy metals were detected using ICP-MS, and wet deposition fluxes and sources were analyzed. The results showed that the pH ranged from 4.34 to 7.95, with a volume-weighted mean of 5.37. The mean concentration of the dissolved heavy metals was 236.931 µg·L-1, with a range of 66.324 to 1029.212 µg·L-1. Zn and Fe were the major components, together accounting for 53.39% of the total concentrations. The wet deposition fluxes of the 12 dissolved heavy metals reached 1.735 mg·(m2·d)-1. The enrichment factors of Ba, Cu, Sr, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were all in excess of 100, suggesting that these metals were seriously influenced by anthropogenic activities. Results from positive matrix factorization (PMF) indicated that steel smelting emissions, coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and crustal dusts were the major sources of heavy metals in the precipitation of Taiyuan City, with average contributions of 38.34%, 23.06%, 20.45%, and 18.15%, respectively. According to backward trajectory analysis, air masses from the southwest and southeast directions contributed the most to precipitation during summer in Taiyuan, with percentages of 38 and 35, respectively. The southern industrial areas located in the Yuncheng-Linfen-Jinzhong and Jincheng-Changzhi-Jinzhong regions should be paid more attention.