Using primate neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds to repair injured spinal cords in rats.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.36.

Using primate neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds to repair injured spinal cords in rats.

STUDY DESIGN: Transplanted primates' neural stem cells (NSCs) tissue engineering complex into spinal cord injury (SCI) model rats, analyze and evaluate the long-term effects of repairing. OBJECTIVES: Primate NSCs were cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds to repair SCI. SETTING: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Primate NSCs were isolated and cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds. T10 SCI model was established; the rats were randomly divided into four groups: NSC plus self-assembling peptide scaffold group; NSC group; self-assembling peptide scaffold group; and control group. Immunohistochemical staining and electronic microscope were used to investigate the growth and differentiation of transplanted NSCs. The motor function of the hind limbs of rats was evaluated (P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant). RESULTS: NSCs and NSCs cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds could be induced to differentiation into neurons, glial cells and oligodendrocytes in vitro. The primate NSC culture was established in self-assembling peptide scaffolds. No significant difference was seen in the differentiation rate between primate NSCs cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds and primate NSCs cultured in regular medium. The motor function of the hind limbs in the NSC plus self-assembling peptide scaffold group was significantly better than that of the other three groups. In addition, the NSCs of the NSC group mainly differentiated into astrocytes. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of primate NSCs cultured in self-assembling peptide scaffolds is efficient for repairing the injured spinal cord and for improving the motor function of spinal cord in rats. SPONSORSHIP: The National Natural Science Foundation of China; Science and Technology Office of Guangdong Province.

Quantitative assessment of spinal cord perfusion by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound in a porcine model with acute spinal cord contusion.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify spinal cord perfusion by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in a porcine model with acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Microcirculatory changes of acute spinal cord injury were shown by CEUS in a porcine model with spinal cord contusion at three selected time points, coupling with conventional ultrasound (US) and Color Doppler US (CDFI). Time-intensity curves and perfusion parameters were also obtained by autotracking contrast quantification (ACQ) software in the epicenter of contusion site, adjacent region and distant region, respectively. Neurologic and histologic examinations were used to confirm the severity of injury. RESULTS: Conventional US revealed the spinal cord was hypoechoic and homogeneous, whereas the dura mater, pia mater and cerebral aqueduct were hyperechoic. On CDFI intramedullary blood vessels were displayed as segmental and columnar. It was homogeneous on CEUS. After spinal cord contusion, the injured region on gray scale US was hyperechoic. CDFI demonstrated intramedullary blood vessels of adjacent region had increased and dilated during the observation period. On CEUS the epicenter of contusion site was hypoperfusion, whereas its adjacent region was hyperperfusion compared with the distant region. Quantitative analysis showed that peak intensity decreased in epicenters of contusion but increased in adjacent regions significantly at all time points (P<0.05). Evaluation of neurological function for post-contusion demonstrated significantly deterioration in comparison before injury (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CEUS is a practical technique that provides overall views for evaluating microcirculatory pattern in spinal cord injury. Quantitative analysis shows the efficacy in assessment of perfusion changes after spinal cord injury.

Atomistic free-volume zones and inelastic deformation of metallic glasses.

The amorphous nature of metallic glasses and their mechanical properties make them interesting for structural applications. However, the interplay between the nature of atomic structures in metallic glasses and mechanical properties remains poorly understood. In this study, high-frequency dynamic micropillar tests have been used to probe both atomic clusters and flow defects in metallic glasses. We show that loosely bonded atomistic free-volume zones that are enveloped elastically by tightly bonded atomic clusters show a deformation character similar to supercooled liquids. At room temperature, the effective viscosity of these free-volume zones is of the order of 1 x 10(8) Pa s before the occurrence of shear banding. The confined liquid-like deformation of free-volume zones leads to significant mechanical hysteresis in micropillars under dynamic loading, providing important insight into how atomistic structural features affect the deformation behaviours in metallic glasses in the apparent elastic regime. The inelastic behaviour also serves as the basis for the superior damping resistance of metallic glasses.

UV light emitting transparent conducting tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowires.

Multifunctional single crystalline tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowires with tuned Sn doping levels are synthesized via a vapor transport method. The Sn concentration in the nanowires can reach 6.4 at.% at a synthesis temperature of 840 °C, significantly exceeding the Sn solubility in ITO bulks grown at comparable temperatures, which we attribute to the unique feature of the vapor-liquid-solid growth. As a promising transparent conducting oxide nanomaterial, layers of these ITO nanowires exhibit a sheet resistance as low as 6.4 Ω/[Symbol: see text] and measurements on individual nanowires give a resistivity of 2.4 × 10(-4) Ω cm with an electron density up to 2.6 × 10(20) cm(-3), while the optical transmittance in the visible regime can reach ∼ 80%. Under the ultraviolet excitation the ITO nanowire samples emit blue light, which can be ascribed to transitions related to defect levels. Furthermore, a room temperature ultraviolet light emission is observed in these ITO nanowires for the first time, and the exciton-related radiative process is identified by using temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements.

PTEN, tau-AP-3, thymidylate synthase immunohistochemistry scoring expression in patients with uterine leiomyomas, uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignancy potential and uterine leiomyosarcomas.

Uterine smooth muscle tumors are frequently classified as benign and malignant. However, an assortment of mitotic counts and nuclear atypia can be indecisive between uncertain malignant potential, and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. We applied three immunohistochemical parameters to distinguish between cases of benign, malignant, and those with uncertain malignant histology.

Influence of season on some skin properties: winter vs. summer, as experienced by 354 Shanghaiese women of various ages.

The facial skin of 354 women, aged 18-80, living in Shanghai, was investigated over two successive 6-month periods, summer and winter. Results from clinical assessments indicate that aging signs, such as wrinkling and sagging, are unaffected over such period. However, physical measurements revealed alterations in some functional criteria of the skin, such as sebum output, skin colour, melanin content of pigmented spots, skin hydration, all being increased during summer. The relationships between all criteria, as well as technical or applied inferences/consequences from this study, are discussed.

Malignant transformation of extragonadal endometriosis: a case report.

Though malignant transformation of endometriosis has been documented, malignancy arising from extragonadal endometriosis is rare. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with abdominal pain and fullness after menstruation. Evaluation revealed a cul-de-sac mass and CA-125 level of 1048 U/ml. A hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy were performed. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma with a clearly defined transition zone from endometriosis to adenocarcinoma was noted histologically. Adjuvant chemotherapy and GnRH agonist treatment was administered. Serum CA-125 level was 1.51 U/ml 19 months after completion of treatment. Patients with endometriosis and elevated CA-125 levels should be managed aggressively and CA-125 levels monitored until they have normalized.

Pharmacokinetics of Huperzine A after transdermal and oral administration in beagle dogs.

Comparison of single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics between patches and conventional tablets of Huperzine A (Hup-A) was performed in beagle dogs to evaluate the patches' controlled drug release characteristics in vivo, a newly developed transdermal system for treatment of Alzheimer disease. Results showed that transdermal administration of Hup-A prolonged T(max) value (24h vs. 3h, P<0.01), lowered C(max) value (3.4+/-0.2 ng mL(-1) vs. 9.8+/-1.0 ng mL(-1), P<0.01), and produced a relatively constant serum concentration within 84 h after a single transdermal dose of 4 mg/20 cm(2) Hup-A patches. Following application of the patches, Hup-A serum concentrations increased for approximately 12-24h, reaching an average C(max) of 3.4+/-0.2 ng mL(-1). Thereafter, a serum concentration of at least 2.1 ng mL(-1) was maintained for up to 84 h. The serum concentration was maintained within the range of 2.4-4.3 ng mL(-1) during 2-week wearing period after multiple dosing, and the degree of fluctuation at the steady state of td and po administration was significantly different (0.51 vs. 1.99, P<0.01). This study indicates that Hup-A patches exhibited good controlled-release properties in vivo, maintained a relatively constant serum concentration within 3.5 d after wearing, and are suitable for twice-weekly application.

Detection of interleukin-33 in serum and carcinoma tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical significance of intercellular interleukin (IL)-33 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, this prospective study compared IL-33 protein levels in samples of HCC tissue and normal tissue adjacent to the tumour in 60 patients with HCC, and in normal liver tissue from six healthy controls. Interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and IL-33 serum levels were also analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HCC 30 patients and 10 healthy controls. The level of IL-33 immunohistochemical staining was compared with the rate of lymph node metastasis in HCC patients. RESULTS: IL-33 was strongly positive in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. The median percentage of IL-33-positive tissue was higher in HCC than in normal liver tissue samples (adjacent to the tumour or from controls). Serum IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-33 levels were higher in pre- and postoperative samples from HCC patients than in control samples, and in patients with metastasis compared with those without metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IL-33 protein levels were observed in serum and liver tissue from HCC patients; IL-33 may be a useful biological marker for monitoring HCC growth and metastasis.

Importance of the (nabla) D term in frequency-resolved optical diffusion imaging.

The effects of the approximation DD=0 that is often used in frequency-resolved optical diffusion imaging are examined. It is shown that this approximation can affect the performance of integral-equation-based approaches to optical diffusion imaging, such as the Born iterative method and the distorted Born iterative method. The approximation introduces errors into the calculation of data used in simulations, which can lead to misleading evaluations of reconstruction algorithms. Numerical calculations show the magnitude of these effects and the appearance of artifacts in reconstructed images when conventional inversion algorithms are applied to more accurately calculated data.

Pharmacokinetics of weekly transdermal estradiol controlled delivery system in postmenopausal Chinese.

AIM: To study Pharmacokinetical profile of weekly transdermal estradiol controlled delivery system (E2-WTCDS) in 18 Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS: Single and multiple daily doses of E2-WTCDS were applied to an area of intact skin on the lower abdomen, using Estraderm TTS (E2-TTS) from Ciba-Geigy Company as control. E2 concentration in serum was measured by RIA. RESULTS: Cmax 38 +/- 5 ng.L-1, Tmax 22 +/- 5 h, AUC 5651 +/- 386 ng.h.L-1, Cmax(SS) 44 +/- 7 ng.L-1, Cmax(SS) 35 +/- 4 ng.L-1, Fl 0.22 +/- 0.10. The relative bioavailability of E2-WTCDS was comparable to E2-TTS during the same period of system application. CONCLUSION: E2-WTCDS maintained relatively constant and effective serum estradiol concentrations and is suitable for once-weekly application.