Large-Area Soluble Covalent Organic Framework Oligomer Coating for Organic Solution Nanofiltration Membranes.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a family of engaging membrane materials for molecular separation, which remain challenging to fabricate in the form of thin-film composite membranes due to slow crystal growth and insoluble powder. Here, an additive approach is presented to construct COF-based thin-film composite membranes in 10 min via COF oligomer coating onto poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK）ultrafiltration membranes. By the virtue of ultra-thin liquid phase and liquid-solid interface-confined assembly, the COF oligomers are fast stacked up and grow along the interface with the solvent evaporation. Benefiting from the low out-plane resistance of COFs, COF@PEEK composite membranes exhibit high solvent permeances in a negative correlation with solvent viscosity. The well-defined pore structures enable high molecular sieving ability (Mw = 300 g mol-1 ). Besides, the COF@PEEK composite membranes possess excellent mechanical integrities and steadily operate for over 150 h in the condition of high-pressure cross flow. This work not only exemplifies the high-efficiency and scale-up preparation of COF-based thin-film composite membranes but also provides a new strategy for COF membrane processing.

Differentiating the impact of fine and coarse particulate matter on cause-specific cerebrovascular mortality: An individual-level, case-crossover study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many studies suggested that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) was linked to elevated risk of cerebrovascular disease. However, little is known about the potentially differential effects of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 on various types of cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: We collected individual cerebrovascular death records for all residents in Shanghai, China from 2005 to 2021. Residential daily air pollution data were predicted from a satellite model. The associations between particulate matters (PM) and cerebrovascular mortality were investigated by an individual-level, time-stratified, case-crossover design. The data was analyzed by the conditional logistic regression combined with the distributed lag model with a maximum lag of 7 days. Furthermore, we explored the effect modifications by sex, age and season. RESULTS: A total of 388,823 cerebrovascular deaths were included. Monotonous increases were observed for mortality of all cerebrovascular diseases except for hemorrhagic stroke. A 10 µg/m3 rise in PM2.5 was related to rises of 1.35% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04%, 1.66%] in mortality of all cerebrovascular diseases, 1.84% (95% CI: 1.25%, 2.44%) in ischemic stroke, 1.53% (95% CI: 1.07%, 1.99%) in cerebrovascular sequelae and 1.56% (95% CI: 1.08%, 2.05%) in ischemic stroke sequelae. The excess risk estimates per each 10 µg/m3 rise in PM2.5-10 were 1.47% (95% CI: 1.10%, 1.84%), 1.53% (95% CI: 0.83%, 2.24%), 1.93% (95% CI: 1.38%, 2.49%) and 2.22% (95% CI: 1.64%, 2.81%), respectively. The associations of both pollutants with all cerebrovascular outcomes were robust after controlling for co-pollutants. The associations were greater in females, individuals > 80 years, and during the warm season. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exposures to both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 may independently increase the mortality risk of cerebrovascular diseases, particularly of ischemic stroke and stroke sequelae.

Mechanochemical asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines.

We report here a mechanochemical protocol for an asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines with simple cyclic ketones and arylaldehydes catalyzed by (S)-proline with a chiral diol. In this mechanochemical protocol, ball milling enables reaction acceleration and enantioselectivity control. The reported asymmetric three-component Mannich reactions usually involve reactive arylamines such as p-anisidine and phenylamine, while the catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions involving unreactive arylamines in solution did not proceed smoothly or gave low yields and enantioselectivities. However, the use of ball-milling techniques overcomes the deficiency of the batch systems in solution and avoids the use of toxic organic solvents. The desired products were obtained in moderate-to-good yields (49%-80%) with good-to-high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). This is the first example of a mechanochemically activated catalytic asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines.

Correction: Mechanochemical asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines.

Correction for 'Mechanochemical asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines' by Xiaoyun Hu et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ob00954h.

Secular trends of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age in Shanghai from 2004 to 2020: an age-period-cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although highly heterogeneous among countries, the incidence rates of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA) have been increasing globally over the past two decades. To better understand the cause of these secular trends, this study aimed to investigate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on LBW, PTB, and SGA rates in Shanghai. METHODS: Data from 2,958,695 singleton live births at 24-41 gestational weeks between 2004 and 2020 were obtained for this study. Age-period-cohort models based on Poisson regression were used to evaluate the independent effects of maternal age, delivery period, and maternal birth cohort on the trends in LBW, PTB, and SGA. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of LBW, PTB, and SGA were 2.9%, 4.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, and significant changes were observed (average annual change: + 10.7‰, + 9.1‰, -11.9‰) from 2004 to 2020. Cohort effect increased steadily, from 1960 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.78) to 1993 (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.01) for LBW and from 1960 (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64-0.75) to 2004 (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94-1.12) for PTB. A strong cohort effect was found with the highest risk of SGA (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.72-1.93) in 1960 and the lowest risk (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.54-0.61) in 2004, compared with the reference cohort of 1985. There was a "U-shaped" maternal age effect on LBW and PTB and a weak period effect on the three birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested a significant independent effect of age, period, and birth cohort on the three birth outcomes. The increasing rates of LBW and PTB motivated us to focus on young and advanced pregnant women. Meanwhile, the prevalence of SGA decreased steadily, illustrating the need for further research on the mechanisms underlying these trends.

A Novel Material for High-Performance Li-O2 Battery Separator: Polyetherketone Nanofiber Membrane.

The properties of separators significantly affect the efficiency, stability, and safety of the lithium-based batteries. Therefore, the improvement of the separator material is critical. Polyetherketone (PEK) has excellent general properties, such as mechanical strength, chemical stability, and thermal stability. Thus, it is expected to be an optimal separator material. However, its low solubility-induced poor processibility makes it difficult to be used for nanoscale product manufacturing. In this work, the soluble precursor polymer is prepared by introducing a "protecting" group into monomer, and fabricated into nanofiber membrane, which can be converted into polyetherketone nanofiber membrane by a simple acid treatment. The membrane prepared by this chemical-induced crystallization method exhibits superior chemical, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Li-O2 batteries with the fabricated membrane as separator have a high cycling stability (194 cycles at 200 mA g-1 and 500 mAh g-1 ). This work broadens the application field of PEK and provides a potential route for battery separators.

Differences and Correlation Analysis of Birth Weight and Overweight/Obesity in Shanghai Twin Cohort.

The objective of this study was to analyze differences in birth weight and overweight/obesity in a Shanghai twin cohort. We also wanted to study their association and explore possible risk factors for the discordance of overweight/obesity within twins. This was an internal case-control study designed for twins. The 2012 Shanghai Twin Registration System baseline survey data of a total of 3417 twin pairs were statistically analyzed using SPSS22 software. Results show that the body mass index (BMI) of the Shanghai twin population increased with age. Twins with a high birth weight had a higher BMI and a higher rate of overweight and obesity; 0- to 6-year-old twins, male twins and dizygotic (DZ) twins had higher rates of overweight/obesity than other groups. The greater the discordant birth weight rate of twins, the more obvious the difference in BMI (p < .05). There was a significant difference in overweight/obesity between twins with a relative difference of birth weight ≥15% in DZ twins (p < .05). DZ twins, male twins and 0- to 6-year-old twins were more likely to be discordant in overweight/obese than others. The discordant birth weight within twins was not a risk factor for discordant overweight/obesity. However, attention should be paid to childhood obesity, and appropriate interventions should be made at the appropriate time. Genetics may play an important role in the occurrence and development of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, discordant growth and development in the uterus early in life may not lead to discordant weight development in the future.

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) in China.

The study aimed to validate the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale among medical staff in China. The validation was conducted in four steps from March to December 2017: translation and back-translation; content validity test with six experts; test-retest reliability testing with 63 medical staff with 2 weeks interval; and structural validation with 349 medical staff from 52 hospitals with a convenience sample,using exploratory factor analysis,including principal component analysis and varimax rotation. The scale content validity index average was 0.88, while for test-retest reliability, the ICC was 0.87. Three factors of "discrimination", "prejudice" and "stereotype" with 16 items were extracted and explained 59.61% variance. The Cronbach's alpha value for the total scale was of 0.88, and for the three factors, the values were 0.89, 0.86 and 0.74, respectively. The discrimination factor showed identical means between Canadian medical students and Chinese medical staff, while the prejudice and stereotype factors had higher mean scores in the Chinese sample. The three-factor structure of Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale was confirmed in Chinese medical staff with a simpler solution. This could provide a basis for trans-cultural application and comparison.

Diameter-dependent polygonal cross section for holey phenine nanotubes.

The cross-sectional shape of the nanotube is a key factor governing fundamental mechanical properties of the nanotube and the nanotube forest. In contrast to most circular nanotubes, in the present work, we demonstrate that the holey phenine nanotubes have polygonal cross sections with diameter-dependent number of sides. The non-circular cross section is attributed to the high twistability of the continuous C-C chains in the phenine nanotube. Consequently, the phenine nanotube forest has a square lattice structure rather than the regular hexagonal lattice of the carbon nanotube forest, resulting in a smooth buckling process under biaxial compression. The buckling pattern of the phenine nanotube forest is highly ordered with the orientation determined by the initial dislocation that frequently appears in the phenine nanotube forest.

Association between incidence of fatal intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke and fine particulate air pollution.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies investigating associations between fine particulate air pollution and hemorrhagic stroke have considered subtypes. Additionally, less is known about the modification of such association by factors measured at the individual level. We aimed to investigate the risk of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence in case of PM2.5 (particles ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) exposure. METHODS: Data on incidence of fatal ICH from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2014 were extracted from the acute stroke mortality database in Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC). We used the time-stratified case-crossover approach to assess the association between daily concentrations of PM2.5 and fatal ICH incidence in Shanghai, China. RESULTS: A total of 5286 fatal ICH cases occurred during our study period. The averaged concentration of PM2.5 was 77.45 µg/m3. The incidence of fatal ICH was significantly associated with PM2.5 concentration. Substantial differences were observed among subjects with diabetes compared with those without; following the increase of PM2.5 in lag2, the OR (95% CI) for subjects with diabetes was 1.26 (1.09-1.46) versus 1.05 (0.98-1.12) for those without. We did not find evidence of effect modification by hypertension and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Fatal ICH incidence was associated with PM2.5 exposure. Our results also suggested that diabetes may increase the risk for ICH incidence in relation to PM2.5.

Excess pneumonia and influenza mortality attributable to seasonal influenza in subtropical Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: Disease burden attributable to influenza is substantial in subtropical regions. Our study aims to estimate excess pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality associated with influenza by subtypes/lineages in Shanghai, China, 2010-2015. METHODS: Quasi-Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly numbers of deaths from causes coded as P&I for Shanghai general and registered population. Three proxies for influenza activity were respectively used as an explanatory variable. Long-term trend, seasonal trend and absolute humidity were adjusted for as confounding factors. The outcome measurements of excess P&I mortality associated with influenza subtypes/lineages were derived by subtracting the baseline mortality from fitted mortality. RESULTS: Excess P&I mortality associated with influenza were 0.22, 0.30, and 0.23 per 100,000 population for three different proxies in Shanghai general population, lower than those in registered population (0.34, 0.48, and 0.36 per 100,000 population). Influenza B (Victoria) lineage did not contribute to excess P&I mortality (P = 0.206) while influenza B (Yamagata) lineage did (P = 0.044). Influenza-associated P&I mortality was high in the elderly population. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal influenza A virus had a higher P&I mortality than influenza B virus, while B (Yamagata) lineage is the dominant lineage attributable to P&I mortality.

[Psychometric Characteristics of the Clinical Nursing Mentors' Behavior Scale].

BACKGROUND: The behavior of mentors impacts the quality and experience of nursing students who are studying in clinical placement. Accurately assessing the behavior of mentors is fundamental to training, regulating, guiding, and improving their behavior and quality of teaching. PURPOSE: To test the validity and reliability of the Clinical Nursing Mentors' Behavior Scale (CNMBS) among mentors. METHODS: This study included three stages. During the first stage, seven Chinese experts were invited to evaluate content validity. During the second stage, the test-retest reliability was examined with 63 mentors. During the third stage, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Seven hundred and sixty-six nursing mentors from five hospitals in Beijing, Shenzhen, and Sichuan completed the survey either online or in hard copy form. The data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed using item analysis, construct validity, internal consistency and discriminant validity, with the results used to determine the psychometric characteristics of the CNMBS. RESULTS: The content validity index for the CNMBS was .91. The intra-class correlation coefficient was .89; the range of the item discrimination critical ratio was 9.42-22.43 (p < .001), and the item-total correlation was .35- .70 (p < .001). The three factors of "guiding personal growth", "promoting professional development", and "providing psychosocial support" and a total of 23 items were identified, with item factor loadings ranging from .51 to .79. The three factors explained 50.99% of total variance. The internal consistency of the CNMBS earned a Cronbach's α coefficient of .92, while those of the three subscales were .89, .86 and .75, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Clinical Nursing Mentors' Behavior Scale demonstrated high validity and reliability, supporting the CNMBS as a valid tool for assessing the teaching behavior of mentors.

Association of Beverage Consumption during Pregnancy with Adverse Maternal and Offspring Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: As the global consumption of sugary and non-sugar sweetened beverages continues to rise, there is growing concern about their health impacts, particularly among pregnant women and their offspring. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the consumption patterns of various beverages among pregnant women in Shanghai and their potential health impacts on both mothers and offspring. METHOD: We applied a multi-stage random sampling method to select participants from 16 districts in Shanghai. Each district was categorised into five zones. Two towns were randomly selected from each zone, and from each town, 30 pregnant women were randomly selected. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires. Follow-up data on births within a year after the survey were also obtained. RESULT: The consumption rates of total beverages (TB), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSS) were 73.2%, 72.8%, and 13.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to non-consumers, pregnant women consuming TB three times or less per week had a 38.4% increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 1.384; 95% CI: 1.129-1.696) and a 64.2% increased risk of gestational hypertension (GH) (OR = 1.642; 95% CI: 1.129-2.389). Those consuming TB four or more times per week faced a 154.3% higher risk of GDM (OR = 2.543; 95% CI: 2.064-3.314) and a 169.3% increased risk of GH (OR = 2.693; 95% CI: 1.773-4.091). Similar results were observed in the analysis of SSB. Regarding offspring health, compared to non-consumers, TB consumption four or more times per week was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of macrosomia (OR = 2.143; 95% CI: 1.304-3.522) and large for gestational age (LGA) (OR = 1.695; 95% CI: 1.219-2.356). In the analysis of NSS, with a significantly increased risk of macrosomia (OR = 6.581; 95% CI:2.796-13.824) and LGA (OR = 7.554; 95% CI: 3.372-16.921). CONCLUSION: The high level of beverage consumption among pregnant women in Shanghai needs attention. Excessive consumption of beverages increases the risk of GDM and GH, while excessive consumption of NSS possibly has a greater impact on offspring macrosomia and LGA.

Prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obese children from a large school-based population in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: The ongoing rise in the prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents is considered to be accompanied with the epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity. In this study, we established a large scale cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China, which presented a new evidence for the correlation of hypertension prevalence with overweight and obesity stages in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted during February to December 2009 in Shanghai, China, including total 78,114 children and adolescents. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Overweight and obesity were defined according to sex- and age- specific Chinese reference data. RESULTS: Both SBP and DBP were very significantly increased in overweight (OW) and obese (OB) groups. With age and sex controlled, BMI and WC were independently positively correlated with SBP and DBP. The prevalence of high SBP, DBP and hypertension were markedly higher among OW and OB children than normal weight (NW) group. Odds ratios (ORs) for high SBP, high DBP and high BP were significantly greater in OW and OB children than NW group, and showed a trend increase correlating with obesity stages (all P <0.0001). According to the increasing OR with different combination of obese status of BMI and WC, WC has a stronger influence on hypertension. The combination of BMI and WC obese shows substantially higher ORs compared with those for either BMI or WC obese alone. CONCLUSIONS: In this study on a large school-based population in Shanghai, China, BMI and WC are positively correlated with SBP and DBP. Being overweight or obese greatly increased the risk of hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents, in which WC is considered as a more sensitive indicator than BMI.

A randomized controlled study on systematic nursing care based on health empowerment theory and its effect on the self-care and functional abilities of patients with spinal fractures.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of systematic nursing care based on health empowerment theory on the self-care and functional abilities of patients with spinal fractures. METHODS: We selected a total of 50 patients with spinal fractures from our hospital and randomly divided them into the control group and the observation group, with 25 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing care, while those in the observation group received systematic nursing care grounded in the health empowerment theory. We recorded and compared the self-care ability, functional ability, knowledge about the condition, and pain scores of patients in the two groups before and after the nursing intervention. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference in self-care ability, functional ability, knowledge about the condition, or the visual analog scale (VAS) score between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, outcomes in the observation group in terms of self-care ability, functional ability, and knowledge about the condition were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional nursing care, patients with spinal fractures who received systematic nursing inputs based on health empowerment theory reported significant improvements in pain, self-care, functional ability, and knowledge of the condition, and this is an approach that is worthy of promotion in clinical use.

Adverse birth outcomes among offspring born to women diagnosed with cancer: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: With increasing cancer incidence and survival rates, the prevalence of maternal cancer and its effect on adverse birth outcomes are important for prenatal care and oncology management. However, the effects of different types of cancer at different gestational stages have not been widely reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of pregnancy-associated cancers (during and 1 year after pregnancy) and evaluate the association between adverse birth outcomes and maternal cancers. METHODS: Of 983,162 cases, a history of maternal cancer, including pregestational cancer, pregnancy-associated cancer, and subsequent cancer, was identified in 16,475 cases using a health information network. The incidence and 95% confidence interval of pregnancy-associated cancer were calculated with the Poisson distribution. The adjusted risk ratio with 95% confidence interval of the association between adverse birth outcomes and maternal cancer were estimated using the multilevel log-binomial model. RESULTS: A total of 38,295 offspring were born to mothers with a cancer history. Of these, 2583 (6.75%) were exposed to pregnancy-associated cancer, 30,706 (80.18%) had a subsequent cancer diagnosis, and 5006 (13.07%) were exposed to pregestational cancer. The incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer was 2.63 per 1000 pregnancies (95% confidence interval, 2.53‰-2.73‰), with cancer of the thyroid (1.15‰), breast (0.25‰), and female reproductive organs (0.23‰) being the most common cancer types. The increased risks of preterm birth and low birthweight were significantly associated with cancer diagnosed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, whereas increased risks of birth defects (adjusted risk ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.04) were associated with cancer diagnosed in the first trimester. Increased risks of preterm birth (adjusted risk ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.32), low birthweight (adjusted risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.44), and birth defects (adjusted risk ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.35) were observed in thyroid cancer survivors. CONCLUSION: Careful monitoring of fetal growth should be implemented for women diagnosed with cancer in the second and third trimester to ensure timely delivery and balance the benefits of neonatal health and cancer treatment. The higher incidence of thyroid cancer and increased risk of adverse birth outcomes among thyroid cancer survivors suggested that the regular thyroid function monitoring and regulation of thyroid hormone levels are important in maintaining pregnancy and promoting fetal development among thyroid cancer survivors before and during pregnancy.

Association between excessive fetal growth and maternal cancer in Shanghai, China: a large, population-based cohort study.

The prevalence of high birth weight or large for gestational age (LGA) infants is increasing, with increasing evidence of pregnancy-related factors that may have long-term impacts on the health of the mother and baby. We aimed to determine the association between excessive fetal growth, specifically LGA and macrosomia, and subsequent maternal cancer by performing a prospective population-based cohort study. The data set was based on the Shanghai Birth Registry and Shanghai Cancer Registry, with medical records from the Shanghai Health Information Network as a supplement. Macrosomia and LGA prevalence was higher in women who developed cancer than in women who did not. Having an LGA child in the first delivery was associated with a subsequently increased risk of maternal cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.11). Additionally, in the last and heaviest deliveries, there were similar associations between LGA births and maternal cancer rates (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12; HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.12, respectively). Furthermore, a substantially increased trend in the risk of maternal cancer was associated with birth weights exceeding 2500 g. Our study supports the association between LGA births and increased risks of maternal cancer, but this risk requires further investigation.

Tolerance to Glucose and Lipid High Metabolic Reactions After Burns in an Obese Rat Model.

The goal of this study was to determine what effect obese body weight and a burn injury can have on the metabolism of glucose and lipids in rats. We used a 3 * 3 factorial model design to provide basic glucose and lipid metabolic data characterizing the interaction between different weight and burn injury groups. Two hundred Sprague Dawley rats were categorized into three weight groups (normal, overweight, obese) and then further divided into control, second-degree, and third-degree burn groups. Our model compared interactions between weight and burn injury factors according to the above groups. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were monitored on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after burn injury occurred, and burned skin and blood samples were collected for testing. Compared with the normal weight group, the overweight group's fast blood glucose, fast insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher (P < .05), and FBG in the obese group was higher than the normal weight group (P < .05). Burn injuries combined with obese body weight had an interactive effect on fast blood glucose, fast insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance after burn injury (P < .05). Burn injury combined with obese body weight had an interaction on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the 3rd day after burn injury (P < .05). Burn injury combined with obese weight had no interaction on triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P > .05). Rats in the overweight and obese weight groups were observed to develop an adaptation and tolerance to a higher metabolic rate after burn injuries occurred.

Association of adverse birth outcomes with in vitro fertilization after controlling infertility factors based on a singleton live birth cohort.

Infants conceived with in vitro fertilization (IVF) are exposed to underlying infertility and the IVF process. High risks of adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) were observed among these infants, including preterm birth, low birth weight, macrosomia, being large/small for gestational age (LGA/SGA). It is unclear whether the specific etiology of the rise of ABOs among IVF infants is IVF technology itself or underlying infertility. A total of 9,480 singletons conceived with IVF and 1,952,419 singletons from the general population were obtained in this study. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess variations in risk of ABOs according to causes of infertility. Poisson distributions were applied to calculate standardized risk ratios of IVF infants vs. general population after controlling the causes of infertility. Higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight were observed among parents with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine and semen abnormalities. Compared to the general population, after excluding the influence of infertility causes, singletons conceived with IVF were at higher risk of macrosomia (SRR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44) and LGA (SRR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.15-1.35). The higher risk of ABOs in IVF was driven by both IVF treatments and infertility, which is important for improving IVF treatments and the managing pregnancies and child development.

The reversing trend in suicide rates in Shanghai, China, from 2002 to 2020.

BACKGROUND: To explore changing patterns in suicides and provide suggestions for suicide prevention by reviewing all suicide deaths from 2002 to 2020 in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Suicide-death data were obtained from the Shanghai Death Surveillance System and analyzed in terms of year, sex, age group, area, suicide method, and depression diagnosis. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to examine time trends in suicide rates. RESULTS: The age-adjusted suicide rate was 6.15/100,000 in 2002 and 5.10/100,000 in 2020. The change in this rate was U-shaped, with a downward trend before 2009 followed by an upward trend. The rate initially decreased by 6.33% annually (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.25-8.37%) but, after 2009, increased by 2.60% annually (95%CI: 1.49-3.71%). Similar trends were found for men and women, the 0-29y and 30-49y age groups, and residents of central and suburban areas, respectively. In 2020, jumping from a high place was the leading suicide method (39.54%), and 22.54% of suicide victims had a diagnosis of depression. LIMITATIONS: Suicides may be misclassified in coding (however, provided misclassification rates remain stable, this should not influence overall trends). Suicides among temporary residents were not included because of inadequate stratified population data. The finding of a higher prevalence of depression may have been impacted by a higher detection rate. CONCLUSIONS: The post-2002 decline in Shanghai suicide rates reversed in 2009, and the suicide pattern changed greatly from 2002 to 2020. With the current increasing trend in suicide rates, targeted suicide-prevention strategies featuring multi-departmental cooperation are necessary.