[Food-borne Parasitic Infection in Intermediate Hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province].

To understand the status of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province, freshwater crabs were collected from 4 towns of the County to detect the infection with metacercariae of Paragonimus, and frogs were collected from 8 towns to examine the infection with plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni from May to September, 2015. Among the 339 freshwater crabs collected, the infection rate was 9.1%（31/339）, with each crab containing 6.7 metacercariae of Paragonimus on average. Among the 348 frogs collected, the infection rate was 11.5%（40/348）, with each frog containing 2.2 plerocercoids on average. In conclusion, there is a high rate of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County. Comprehensive prevention and control measures are needed.

Icetexane diterpenoids from Perovskia atriplicifolia.

Five new icetexane diterpenoids, namely, perovskatones B-D (1, 3, 4), 1α-hydroxybrussonol (2), and 1α-hydroxypisiferanol (5), were isolated from Perovskia atriplicifolia, together with a new natural product (6) and two known compounds, przewalskin E (7) and brussonol (8). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analyses of their MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1-8 were assayed for their inhibitory hepatitis B virus activities in the HepG 2.2.15 cell line. The results suggested that compounds 1 and 2 possessed noticeable anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro, suppressing the replication of hepatitis B virus DNA with selectivity index values of 154.3 and 137.7, respectively.

[Chemical constituents from Perovskia atriplicifolia].

An investigation on the chemical constituents of the 90% EtOH extract of Perovskia atriplicifolia led to the isolation of fifteen compounds from the EtOAc fraction. Based on the detailed spectral analysis (MS, 1D and 2D NMR), as well as comparison with the literatures, the structures of compounds 1-15 were determined as cirsimaritin (1), salvigenin (2), syringaldehyde (3), vinyl caffeate (4), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid (5), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid (6), niga-ichigoside F1 (2α, 3ß, 19α, 23- tetrahydroxyurs - 12-en-28-oicacid- O-ß-D- glucopyranoside, 7), sericoside (8), 4-epi-niga-ichigoside F1 (2α, 3ß, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 9), 2α, 3ß, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2) - ß-D-glucopyranoside (10), pruvuloside A (11), asteryunnanoside A [2α, 3ß, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-ß- D- glucopyranoside,12], rosmarinic acid methyl ester (13), ß-sitosterol (14), and daucosterol (15), respectively. Compounds 1-13 were isolated from the Perovskia genus for the first time. All the compounds were obtained from P. atriplicifolia for the first time.