[Research progress on prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand positron emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in male urinary system, and the morbidity and mortality rate are increasing year by year. Traditional imaging examinations have some limitations in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the advent of molecular imaging probes and imaging technology have provided new ideas for the integration of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In recent years, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has attracted much attention as a target for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer. PSMA ligand positron emission tomography (PET) has important reference value in the diagnosis, initial staging, detection of biochemical recurrence and metastasis, clinical decision-making guidance and efficacy evaluation of prostate cancer. This article briefly reviews the clinical research and application progress on PSMA ligand PET imaging in prostate cancer in recent years, so as to raise the efficiency of clinical applications.

Effect of Compound Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder on the Quality of Gastrobowel Preparation before Enteroscopy Intervention.

Objective: To study the effect of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (PGEP) on the quality of gastrobowel preparation before enteroscopy intervention. Methods: From March 2021 to January 2022, among the patients who needed enteroscopy in our hospital, 280 patients who volunteered for this study were randomly selected as the research objects. All the subjects were randomly divided into the control group (140 cases) and the observation group (140 cases). Both groups received routine treatment before enteroscopy intervention. On this basis, patients in the control group were given 9 g of senna every day before operation, and 250 ml of 20% mannitol and 2500 ml of water were taken orally from 9:00 am to 11:00 am on the day of examination. Patients in the observation group took PGEP orally from 9:00 am to 11:00 am. The effective rate of bowel cleaning, the frequency of defecation and duration of diarrhea, the levels of blood electrolyte indexes such as Na+, K+, and Cl- before and after the intervention, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate of bowel cleaning in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequency of defecation and duration of diarrhea in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of blood electrolyte indexes in the observation group after the intervention were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Using PGEP for gastrobowel preparation before enteroscopy intervention can achieve high bowel cleaning efficiency, short bowel preparation time, and low incidence of adverse reactions, which does not affect the water-electrolyte balance of patients, and the psychological state of patients before enteroscopy intervention is more stable. This program is worthy of clinical promotion.

[An epidemiological survey on saturnism among children due to lead pollution released from township enterprise].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the current situations of saturnism and blood lead levels of children resided in village and circumjacent areas, and to know its relations with sex, age and other factors on children' s health as to providing some evidences for prevention and control. METHODS: An epidemiological survey was conducted for finding out the pollution sources and for a better understanding of the surrounding environment. All 221 children under 14 years old, from the lead pollution villages and surrounding establishments were enrolled, and their blood lead levels were detected by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer method. Symptoms of the saturnism were investigated through a standardized questionnaire. SPSS13.0 software was administrated for data analysis. RESULTS: High blood lead level identification rate was 66.06% (146/221), and saturnism rate 32.13% (71/221). The children's blood lead levels among group 1, group 2, group 3 in this village and jade factory were (161.20 +/- 32.94), (176.60 +/- 43.62), (258.00 +/-106.08) and (238.01 +/- 55.20) microg/L respectively and the significant differences were observed through Kruskal-Wallis test (chi2 = 51.84, df= 3, P<0. 01). The blood lead levels of children from group 3 in this village and the jade factory were higher than those of other two groups. No correlation was found between children's age and blood lead level (r = 0.10, P = 0.13). There was a significant difference in blood lead levels between boys and girls (t' = 3.83, P<0.01). With the children's blood lead levels rising, the occurrence rate of main saturnism symptoms was significantly increased. This survey suggested that the pollution source was a coarse lead smelter. CONCLUSION: The blood lead level should ke overwhelmingly increased among children who live nearby the higher level of lead blood, that living nearby the lead smeltery,might result in stautnism and negative effect on children's healthy.

[Detection of the frequencies of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in sperm of benzene series-exposed workers by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization].

To study the frequencies of numerical and structural aberrations for chromosome in sperm of benzene exposed workers, the multi-color FISH was used. Four DNA probes(one for chromosome 1 centromere and one for 1 p terminal, and two for chromosome 18 centromere) were hybridized with interphase sperms, and the frequencies of numerical aberrations for chromosome 1, 18 and structural aberrations of chromosome 1 were detected simultaneously. The time weighted average concentration (TWA) of benzene in workplace (42.29 mg/m3) was higher than that of our national maximum allowable concentration (6 mg/m3). The geometric concentration of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid(tt-MA) in exposed group was significantly higher than that of control group. A total of 144,282 sperm of 15 benzene-exposed workers and 135,937 sperm in 14 controls were scored. The frequency of hybridization efficiency was 99.85%. The mean frequencies of disomic sperms for chromosome 1 and 18 in exposed group(0.088% +/- 0.041%, and 0.087% +/- 0.049%, respectively) were statistically increased over that of the control group(0.045% +/- 0.024%, and 0.035% +/- 0.028%), and the mean frequencies of nullisomic sperms for chromosome 1 and 18(0.11% +/- 0.059%, 0.075% +/- 0.035%) in exposed group were statistically increased over that of control group too (0.048% +/- 0.018%; 0.045% +/- 0.024%). The frequencies of diploidy sperm were no difference in both exposed and control groups. The mean frequencies of terminal duplication and terminal deletion for chromosome 1 p(0.16% +/- 0.037%; 0.14% +/- 0.053%, respectively) were significantly increased over that of control group(0.082% +/- 0.023%; 0.069% +/- 0.028%, respectively). The mean frequencies of centromeric duplication and centromeric deletion for chromosome 1(0.10% +/- 0.035%; 0.10% +/- 0.041%, respectively) were significantly increased over that of control group(0.075% +/- 0.023%; 0.060% +/- 0.029%). Our experiments showed that exposed to benzene at higher concentration(42.29 mg/m3) may induce increases in frequencies not only of numerical aberrations for chromosome 1 and 18, but also of structural aberrations for chromosome 1 of sperms in exposed workers.