RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral health problems have increased among older adults. Oral hypofunction is characterized by seven signs and symptoms: oral uncleanness, oral dryness, decline in occlusal force, decline in the movement function of the tongue and lips, decline in tongue pressure, decline in masticatory function, and decline in swallowing function, the latter being a significant risk factors for oral frailty. Recent research has suggested that salivary biomarkers can be used to assess not only oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontitis, but also systemic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between oral hypofunction and the levels of salivary biomarkers. METHODS: In total, 116 patients, aged 65 years or older, were included in this cross-sectional study. If three or more signs or symptoms in seven kinds of tests met the criteria of each test, oral hypofunction was diagnosed. The levels of biomarkers in the saliva collected from the patients were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In total, 63.8% of patients were diagnosed with oral hypofunction. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that calprotectin levels in the saliva were significantly related to oral moisture and masticatory function. Furthermore, 8-OHdG levels in saliva were associated with the movement function of the tongue and lips and oral hygiene level, and salivary AGE correlated only with the movement function of the tongue and lips. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that calprotectin levels in the saliva were significantly correlated with the prevalence of oral hypofunction, even after adjusting for age, sex, and periodontal status. However, none of the biomarker levels in the saliva had a significant relationship with the number of examinations outside the reference range. CONCLUSIONS: Calprotectin, 8-OHdG, and AGE levels are associated with oral hypofunction in older adults.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Saliva , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Saliva/química , Saliva/metabolismo , Feminino , Biomarcadores/análise , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças da Boca/metabolismo , Doenças da Boca/fisiopatologia , Xerostomia/metabolismo , Xerostomia/fisiopatologia , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análiseRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Caredyne ZIF-C is a novel, capsule-mixed zinc-containing prototype glass ionomer cement (GIC). Zinc ions are reported to inhibit root dentin demineralization, dentin collagen degradation, bacterial growth, acid production, and in vitro bacterial biofilm formation. However, the effectiveness of GICs against initial root caries lesions is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of GICs, especially the new zinc-containing Caredyne ZIF-C GIC, as tooth-coating materials in patients with initial active root caries. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 lesions in 47 older adults (age > 65 years) were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: Caredyne ZIF-C, Fuji VII (a conventional GIC), and sodium fluoride (NaF). All the lesions were treated with the assigned materials without removing the infected dentin, and the rates of dental plaque attachment and coating material fall-out were evaluated after 3, 6, and 12 months. The failure rate was defined as the number of teeth that needed restoration due to caries progression. Results: The plaque attachment rates tended to be lower in the material-coated root surfaces than in the healthy exposed root surfaces after 3, 6, and 12 months, although the differences among the three groups were not significant. Moreover, the coating material fall-out rate tended to be lower in the Caredyne ZIF-C group than in the Fuji VII group. There was no significant difference in the failure rate among the three groups at the 12 months mark. Conclusions: Though this pilot study offers a new direction for suppressing the progression of initial active root caries by controlling plaque attachment using GICs including Caredyne ZIF-C, clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Cárie Radicular , Humanos , Idoso , Cárie Radicular/prevenção & controle , Projetos Piloto , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Nível de Saúde , Zinco/farmacologia , Zinco/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a glycoprotein expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has an antibacterial effect and plays a role in innate immunity. The delivery of LCN2 encapsulated in liposomes to oral epithelium may be useful to prevent oral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of LCN2, artificially synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, on the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells in order to approach oral healthcare using LCN2. METHODS: LCN 2 was synthesized using a CFPS system and assayed by Western blotting, mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bilayer liposomes were prepared by the spontaneous transfer method using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine (DOPC), 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine from Egg Yolk (Egg-PC), and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The cellular and medium fractions derived from the culture of oral epithelial cells with liposome-encapsulated LCN2 were assayed by Western blotting and ELISA. The effect of the synthesized LCN2 on adhesion of the labeled P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells was investigated as an evaluation of its antibacterial activity. RESULTS: The synthesized LCN2 protein was identified by Western blotting; its amino acid sequence was similar to that of recombinant LCN2 protein. The additions of DOPE and octa-arginine in the outer lipid-layer components of liposome significantly increased the delivery of liposomes to epithelial cells. When oral epithelial cells were cultured with the synthesized and liposome-encapsulated LCN2, LCN2 was identified in the cellular and medium fractions by Western blotting and its concentration in the cellular fraction from the culture with the synthesized LCN2 was significantly higher than that of a template DNA-free protein. The synthesized LCN2 and liposome-encapsulated LCN2 significantly inhibited the adhesion of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells compared with template DNA-free protein. CONCLUSION: LCN2 was artificially synthesized by a CFPS system, encapsulated in liposomes, and delivered to oral epithelial cells, and demonstrated an antibacterial action against P. gingivalis. This approach may become a useful model for oral healthcare.
Assuntos
Lipossomos , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Humanos , Lipossomos/química , Lipocalina-2/farmacologia , Células EpiteliaisRESUMO
ß-defensin 2 (BD-2), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is expressed by oral epithelial cells and plays an important role in innate immunity of the oral cavity. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have been studied for the synthesis of various proteins, however, the synthesis of BD-2 by a CFPS system has not been extensively explored. Liposomes have been developed as tools for drug delivery. A delivery of liposome-encapsulated AMP to oral epithelium may be useful to prevent oral infectious diseases. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the BD-2 protein, artificially synthesized using a CFPS system and encapsulated in liposomes. BD-2 protein was artificially synthesized using template DNA and a reconstituted CFPS system and was identified by western blotting. Bilayer liposomes were prepared using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline and 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk. The artificially synthesized BD-2 was encapsulated in liposomes, collected by ultrafiltration, and detected by western blotting. Human oral epithelial cells were cultured with the liposome-encapsulated BD-2 and the concentration of BD-2 in the cell lysate of the culture with the synthesized BD-2 was higher than that of the control cultures. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized BD-2 was investigated by an adhesion assay of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. The artificially synthesized BD-2 and its liposome significantly inhibited adhesion of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. These results suggest that artificially synthesized BD-2 and liposome-encapsulated BD-2 show antimicrobial activity and can potentially play a role in oral healthcare for periodontal diseases.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , beta-Defensinas , Humanos , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Lipossomos/farmacologia , Lipossomos/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/farmacologia , beta-Defensinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismoRESUMO
Candida albicans (Ca) is frequently detected in the peri-implant sulcus with peri-implantitis, a major postoperative complication after oral implant therapy. However, the involvement of Ca in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify Ca prevalence in the peri-implant sulcus and investigated the effects of candidalysin (Clys), a toxin produced by Ca, on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was cultured using CHROMagar and Ca colonization rate and colony numbers were calculated. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in PICF were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pro-inflammatory mediator production and intracellular signaling pathway (MAPK) activation in HGFs were measured by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. The Ca colonization rate and the average number of colonies in the peri-implantitis group tended to be higher than those in the healthy group. IL-1ß and sIL-6R levels in the PICF were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group than in the healthy group. Clys significantly induced IL-6 and pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 productions in HGFs, and co-stimulation with Clys and sIL-6R increased IL-6, pro-MMP-1, and IL-8 production levels in HGFs compared with Clys stimulation alone. These findings suggest that Clys from Ca plays a role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis by inducing pro-inflammatory mediators.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Peri-Implantite , Humanos , Peri-Implantite/metabolismo , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/farmacologia , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismoRESUMO
For apical periodontitis treatments, a new method with the insertion of an electrode into the root canal of a tooth and application of a current at 500 kHz to sterilize the area by Joule heat has attracted attention. However, few studies have quantified the temperature increase in the root canal. This study aimed to investigate the basic characteristics of the temperature increase in a simple and standard tooth model when energizing a current at 500 kHz to the numerical tooth model with typical electrical and physical properties. We developed a numerical model of a standard tooth (dentin) and periodontal tissues consisting of an alveolar bone, cortical bone, and gingiva, and physiological saline in a root canal and calculated the temperature increase inside the numerical model by a coupled analysis of current and heat when a voltage was applied across the electrodes. The calculated results for the different applied voltages showed a temperature increase at the apical portion of the root canal, which increased with the applied voltage even for the same total supplied energy. The temperature increase occurred at the apical portion of the root canal as the tooth conductivity decreased. When the tooth conductivity was high, a current passed through the dentin, which led to a decrease in the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal. However, a chemical solution with a higher conductivity in the root canal tended to increase the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal, regardless of the tooth conductivity. More efficient approaches for increasing the spatial and temporal temperature for the tooth model target are needed. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Assuntos
Temperatura Alta , Periodontite Periapical , Condutividade Elétrica , Humanos , TemperaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor of periodontal diseases, exacerbates the pathological condition of periodontitis. A major factor for DM complications is advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that accumulate in periodontal tissues and cause inflammatory events. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an antimicrobial peptide and inflammation-related factor, and LCN2 levels increase in DM. In this study, the effects of AGEs and lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P g-LPS) on LCN2 expression in human oral epithelial cells (TR146 cells) and the role of secreted LCN2 in periodontitis with DM were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: TR146 cells were cultured with AGEs (AGE2) and control BSA and cell viability was estimated, or with P g-LPS. Conditioned medium and cell lysates were prepared from cultures of epithelial cells and used for Western blotting and ELISA to analyze LCN2, RAGE, IL-6, MAPK, and NF-κB. RNA was isolated from AGE-treated TR146 cells and differentiated HL-60 (D-HL-60) cells and used for quantitative real-time PCR to examine the expression of LCN2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNAs. RAGE- and LCN2-siRNAs (siRAGE, siLCN2) were transfected into epithelial cells, and AGE-induced LCN2 expression was investigated. D-HL-60 cells were co-cultured with TR146 cells that were transfected with siLCN2 and treated with AGEs, and IL-6 mRNA expression in D-HL-60 cells and cell migration was investigated. RESULTS: AGEs increased the expression levels of LCN2 and IL-6 in oral epithelial cells. siRAGE and a neutralizing antibody for RAGE inhibited AGE-induced LCN2 expression. AGEs stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB in epithelial cells, and their inhibitors suppressed AGE-induced LCN2 expression. In contrast, P g-LPS did not show a significant increase in LCN2 level in TR146 cells that expressed Toll-like receptor 2. In co-culture experiments, AGE-induced LCN2 inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression in D-HL-60 cells, and LCN2 knockdown in epithelial cells suppressed HL-60 cell migration. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that AGEs increase LCN2 expression via RAGE, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in oral epithelial cells, and secreted LCN2 may influence the pathological condition of periodontitis with DM.
Assuntos
Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Lipocalina-2 , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipocalina-2/genética , Lipocalina-2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymers, which mimic a biomembrane, reduce protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion and inhibit cell attachment. The aim of this study is to clarify whether MPC-polymer can suppress the bacterial adherence in oral cavity by a crossover design. We also investigated the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is the key bacterium forming dental plaque, in clinical samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study, with two treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout period. We conducted clinical trial with 20 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash after 5 h on oral microflora. PBS was used as a control. The bacterial number in the gargling sample before and after intervention was counted by an electronic bacterial counter and a culture method. DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum were examined by q-PCR. RESULTS: The numbers of total bacteria and oral streptcocci after 5 h of 5% MPC-polymer treatment significantly decreased, compared to the control group. Moreover, the DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum significantly decreased by 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that MPC-polymer coating in the oral cavity may suppress the oral bacterial adherence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MPC-polymer can be a potent compound for the control of oral microflora to prevent oral infection.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efeitos dos fármacos , Metacrilatos/farmacologia , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Fosforilcolina/análogos & derivados , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Carga Bacteriana , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fosforilcolina/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polímeros , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
The oral cavity is suggested as the reservoir of bacterial infection, and the oral and pharyngeal biofilms formed by oral bacterial flora, which is comprised of over 700 microbial species, have been found to be associated with systemic conditions. Almost all oral microorganisms are non-pathogenic opportunistic commensals to maintain oral health condition and defend against pathogenic microorganisms. However, oral Streptococci, the first microorganisms to colonize oral surfaces and the dominant microorganisms in the human mouth, has recently gained attention as the pathogens of various systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis, purulent infections, brain hemorrhage, intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, as well as bacteremia. As pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, extracellular polymeric substances, toxins, proteins and nucleic acids as well as vesicles, which secrete these components outside of bacterial cells in biofilm, have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that the relevance of these pathogenic factors to systemic diseases and also vaccine candidates to protect infectious diseases caused by Streptococci. This review article focuses on the mechanistic links among pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, inflammation, and systemic diseases to provide the current understanding of oral biofilm infections based on biofilm and widespread systemic diseases.
Assuntos
Estomatite/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus/fisiologia , Idoso , Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Autoimunidade , Aderência Bacteriana , Biofilmes , Biomarcadores , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Estomatite/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Virulência , Fatores de VirulênciaRESUMO
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause diabetes mellitus (DM) complications and accumulate more highly in periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis and DM. AGEs aggravate periodontitis with DM by increasing the expression of inflammation-related factors in periodontal tissues. 6-Shogaol, a major compound in ginger, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, the influence of shogaol on DM-associated periodontitis is not well known. In this study, the effects of 6-shogaol on AGEs-induced oxidative and anti-oxidative responses, and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were investigated. When HGFs were cultured with 6-shogaol and AGEs, the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1]), and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expressions were investigated. RAGE expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB were examined by western blotting. 6-Shogaol significantly inhibited AGEs-induced ROS activity, and increased HO-1 and NQO1 levels compared with the AGEs-treated cells. The AGEs-stimulated expression levels of receptor of AGE (RAGE), IL-6 and ICAM-1 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and p65 were attenuated by 6-shogaol. These results suggested that 6-shogaol inhibits AGEs-induced inflammatory responses by regulating oxidative and anti-oxidative activities and may have protective effects on periodontitis with DM.
Assuntos
Catecóis/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/genética , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Gengiva/citologia , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium. Chemokines produced by the innate and acquired immune responses play a significant role in disease progression. Reducing biofilm formation and inflammatory response caused by chemokines is vital for preventing and treating periodontitis. Previously, we observed that treatment with 0.1% olanexidine gluconate (OLG) inhibited biofilm formation on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of OLG on oral epithelial cells. METHODS: We examined if OLG could inhibit the inflammatory responses caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-killed P. gingivalis in immortalized human oral keratinocytes (RT7). RESULTS: Treatment of RT7 with non-cytotoxic OLG concentrations significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory chemokines such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20), and growth-related oncogene protein-α (GRO-α), which are stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects were observed regardless of the treatment time with P. gingivalis LPS (6, 12, or 24 h). OLG also significantly inhibited chemokine production stimulated by heat-killed P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that treatment with OLG inhibits chronic inflammatory reactions in oral mucosal cells, such as periodontitis, caused by oral bacteria.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Células Epiteliais , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Biguanidas/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengivite/tratamento farmacológico , Glucuronatos/farmacologia , Humanos , Inflamação , Lipopolissacarídeos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of pulsed ultrasound toothbrush on the removal of biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS: S. mutans biofilm grown on apatite pellet was destructed with four different sonic action toothbrushes: 1) pulsed ultrasound with sonic vibration (PUV); 2) continuous ultrasound with sonic vibration (CUV); 3) sonic vibration only (SV); and 4) no ultrasound nor sonic vibration (control). After 3 minutes of noncontact brushing, the amount of water-insoluble glucan was measured, and the residual biofilm was observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: PUV group revealed the smallest amount of the residual water-insoluble glucans (32 ± 19%), followed by the CUV group (54 ± 12%) and the SV group (64 ± 13%). The PUV group showed a significantly lower amount of the residual water-insoluble glucan than the SV group, while no significant difference was found between SV and CUV. The bacterial adherence and aggregation notably decreased in the PUV group, compared to the remaining three groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The sonic vibration with pulsed ultrasound showed more reduction of the biofilm compared to the control and the sonic vibration with and without continuous ultrasound. Thus, pulsed ultrasound action may be beneficial for biofilm removal of interproximal regions.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária , Streptococcus mutans , Escovação Dentária , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Biofilmes , Humanos , Escovação Dentária/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the antifungal activity and mechanical properties of a novel antifungal tissue conditioner containing Juncus powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Juncus powder was mixed with GC tissue conditioner at concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% by mass. The cylindrical specimens of Juncus-mixed tissue conditioner (dimensions: 10 mm in diameter and 2 and 6 mm in height for antimicrobial and mechanical tests, respectively) were prepared. The specimens placed on the bottom of the 24-well tissue culture plate were cultured with Candida albicans CAD1 for 2 and 4 days. The proliferation of the C. albicans in the wells was determined by measuring the optical density of fungal culture, and the surface of the specimens were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess the mechanical properties of the specimens, the fluidity and hardness of Juncus-mixed tissue conditioner were measured using the methods certified according to ISO 10139-1. RESULTS: Juncus-mixed tissue conditioner significantly exhibited growth inhibitory effect in a Juncus concentration-dependent manner after both 2- and 4- day cultures. SEM observation showed that the amount of C. albicans on Juncus-mixed specimens drastically decreased, and biofilm formation was markedly inhibited. Moreover, both mechanical properties were found to be within the ranges regulated and specified by ISO. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that the tissue conditioner including Juncus powder has a significant growth inhibitory effect against C. albicans, and it is suggested that the application of Juncus-mixed tissue conditioner may prevent denture stomatitis and oral candidiasis in denture wearers.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Magnoliopsida , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Condicionamento de Tecido Mole Oral/métodos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Houttuynia cordata (HC) has been commonly used as many traditional remedies in local areas of Japan. Although many pharmacological activities of HC have been reported, the mechanism underlying the effect of HC remains unknown. We conducted the interview survey in Japan to verify how HC was actually used. The interview survey revealed that HC poultice (HCP) prepared from smothering fresh leaves of HC was most frequently used for the treatment of purulent skin diseases including furuncle and carbuncle with high effectiveness. Ethanol extract of HCP (eHCP) showed anti-bacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and showed an anti-biofilm activity against MRSA. eHCP showed dose-dependent inhibition of S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced interleukin-8 and CCL20 production in human keratinocyte without any cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HCP is effective for skin abscess and its underlying mechanism might be the complicated multiple activities for both bacteria and host cells.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Carbúnculo/tratamento farmacológico , Furunculose/tratamento farmacológico , Houttuynia/química , Fitoterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carbúnculo/metabolismo , Carbúnculo/patologia , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Quimiocina CCL20/biossíntese , Quimiocina CCL20/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol , Feminino , Furunculose/metabolismo , Furunculose/patologia , Humanos , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Japão , Queratinócitos/citologia , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Folhas de Planta/química , Infecções Estafilocócicas/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ácidos Teicoicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Periodontitis with bone resorption is caused by inflammatory reactions to bacterial infection. We recently reported that electromagnetic wave irradiation (EMWI) has bactericidal effects. However, the effects of EMWI on periodontal tissues remain unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of EMWI on osteoblasts. METHODS: Osteoblastic cells MC3T3-E1 were treated with EMWI (500-1,000 kHz, 5 times, 1 sec/time). Cell growth and cytotoxicity were determined by cell proliferation assays and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release, respectively. Gene expression and protein production of growth factors were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. EMWI-activated cellular signal transduction pathways were investigated by immunoblotting and blocking assay with specific inhibitors. RESULTS: Osteoblasts proliferation was significantly enhanced 3 days after EMWI and no cytotoxicity was observed. EMWI up-regulated various growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). EMWI induced ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation within 5 min, and the production of PDGF-ΑΑ and VEGF was partially reduced by MAPK-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that EMWI increases osteoblastic cell activity and the expression of growth factors via ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways and suggested that EMWI may be beneficial to bone tissue repair such as periodontitis.
Assuntos
Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos da radiação , Osteoblastos/efeitos da radiação , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Radiação Eletromagnética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Osteoblastos/citologia , Fosforilação , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/genética , Regulação para Cima/efeitos da radiação , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We determined the effects and an accurate marker of periodontal treatment on serum interleukin (IL)-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) levels in systemically healthy individuals with periodontal disease. METHODS: This multicenter study included systemically healthy individuals with periodontal disease who received initial periodontal treatment and had no periodontal treatment history. Periodontal parameters, including periodontal inflamed surface area, masticatory efficiency, and periodontal disease classification; serum IL-6 and HsCRP levels; and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers against periodontal pathogens were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. Subjects were classified as low or high responders (group) based on periodontal inflamed surface area changes. RESULTS: There were 153 participants. Only periodontal inflamed surface area changes were markedly different between low and high responders. Periodontal treatment (time point) decreased both serum IL-6 and HsCRP levels. The interaction between group and time point was remarkable only for serum IL-6 levels. Changes in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers against periodontal pathogens were not associated with IL-6 changes in high responders. We analyzed the indirect effect of serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis type 2 IgG titer changes using mediation analysis and found no significance. However, the direct effect of group (low or high responder) on IL-6 changes was considerable. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal treatment effectively decreased serum IL-6 levels, independent of periodontal pathogen infection, in systemically healthy individuals with periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa , Doenças Periodontais , Humanos , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Interleucina-6 , Inflamação , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , ImunoglobulinasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Apis trigona ethanolic propolis and probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus on the nucleic acid concentration in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) derived from biofilm of root canal bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical bacteria of the root canal were cultured with ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP; 10 or 0.1%) and L. acidophilus. After the formation of biofilm was observed in the monolayer bacterial culture under several conditions, the enzymatic treatment and nucleic acid quantification were sequentially performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney were performed following data normality to analyze the significant differences of the treatment effect on the nucleic acid concentration in EPS from the isolated biofilm. RESULTS: The results showed that the nucleic acid concentration in EPS biofilm were not increased by coculture with L. acidophilus as probiotics. However, the treatment with 10% EEP could significantly increase nucleic acid concentration. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the biosurfactants from probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus might be a promising candidate for endodontic treatment, arguably better than EEP in inhibiting biofilm maturation and complexity.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Dysgeusia is a serious problem in patients with diabetes because it often leads to overeating, which is associated with disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between taste sensitivity, eating habits, and the oral environment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 75 subjects with diabetes, gustatory function was assessed using the whole-mouth method, and lingual taste receptor gene expression was measured by real-time PCR. Food intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups. The oral environment was assessed using xerostomia and periodontal comprehensive examination. RESULTS: In total, 45.3%, 28.0%, and 18.7% of subjects showed lower umami taste sensitivity, low sweet taste sensitivity, and low salt taste sensitivity, respectively. Lower umami sensitivity correlated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher energy-source food intake. Subjects with diabetes with higher plaque control record showed significantly higher T1R3 gene expression than those with lower plaque control record. CONCLUSION: Reduced umami taste sensitivity is associated with decreased renal function and high energy food intake in diabetes. Subjects with diabetes with higher plaque control record showed significantly higher T1R3 gene expression, suggesting that the oral environment affects taste gene expression. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 241-250, February, 2023.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Paladar , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Percepção Gustatória , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetes oral nursing intervention program for individuals with diabetes. METHODS: Fifty-six participants with diabetes underwent a diabetes oral nursing intervention program. The program's effect was evaluated through questionnaires and small interviews. The modified diabetes oral health assessment tool (M-DiOHAT©) was used to assess and educate four factors;oral conditions, behaviors, perceptions and knowledge about diabetes and periodontal disease, and health information-sharing, among participants at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months later. Primary outcomes included changes in the M-DiOHAT© total scores. Secondary outcomes included scores on the motivation stage of changes in oral health behaviors' scales, dental visits, number of present teeth, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and participants' comments. RESULTS: The M-DiOHAT© total score and the motivation stage score significantly improved with the narrative comment of "being motivated to practice oral health behaviors" between the baseline and 12 months later. Eight participants visited the dentist, whereas no differences were observed in the number of present teeth or HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: This program improved participants' M-DiOHAT© total score, motivation stage score, and dental visits. These results suggest the program improved oral health perceptions and behaviors among individuals with diabetes. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 86-96, February, 2022.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Saúde Bucal , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis and produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipains, and pathogen-derived DNA and RNA. Pg-OMVs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Pg-OMV-activated pathways that induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in the human gingival epithelial cell line, OBA-9, were investigated. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in levels of Pg-OMV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines was investigated using Western blot analysis and specific pathway inhibitors. Pg-OMVs induced IL-6 and IL-8 production via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in OBA-9 cells. In addition, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an essential innate immune signaling molecule, was triggered by a cytosolic pathogen DNA. Pg-OMV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and production were significantly suppressed by STING-specific small interfering RNA. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Pg-OMV-activated Erk1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, STING, and NF-κB signaling pathways resulting in increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells. These results suggest that Pg-OMVs may play important roles in periodontitis exacerbation by stimulating various pathways.