Spirituality and Recovery From Severe Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: The current study investigated the impact of spirituality and mental disorder recovery practices among individuals with severe mental disorders. METHOD: A comprehensive search across six databases-Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SpringerLink, PubMed, and CINAHL-was performed to identify relevant articles. A total of 651 articles were screened, and 16 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Findings revealed that spirituality significantly contributed to the improvement of individuals with severe mental disorders by fostering the development of self-confidence, self-control, strength, and hope, thereby enhancing overall quality of life. In addition, spirituality appeared to correlate with increased self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Within the mental health recovery framework, spirituality has emerged as a crucial element in facilitating significant life improvements through the exploration of essential motivational strategies. Psychiatric-mental health nurses could play a pivotal role in helping individuals with severe mental disorders by addressing their spiritual needs, thereby promoting holistic recovery and care. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Pregnant woman awareness of obstetric danger signs in developing country: systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Mother's awareness of obstetric danger signs is the degree of a pregnant woman to fully utilize her knowledge of the signs and symptoms of complications of pregnancy, which helps the mother and family to seek medical help immediately. High maternal and infant mortality rates in developing countries are due to a combination of a lack of quality, resources and access to health services coupled with mother's lack of awareness. The purpose of this study was to collect current empirical studies to describe the pregnant women awareness about the obstetric danger sign in developing country. METHOD: This review employed the Prisma-ScR checklist. The articles searched in four electronic databases (Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar). Variables that used to search the articles (pregnant woman, knowledge, awareness, danger signs pregnancy). The Framework used to review is PICOS. RESULT: The results of the article found 20 studies which met inclusion criteria. The determinants were high educational status, more pregnancy experience, more ANC visit, and labour in the health facility. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness is low to medium, only some have fair awareness, in which related to determinant. The recommended effective strategy is to improve the ANC program by assess the risk of obstetric danger sign promptly, assess the barrier of health seeking related to the family support, i.e. the husband and the elderly. Additionally, use MCH handbook or mobile application to record the ANC visit and communicate with the family.

Implementation of long-term care for older adults: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To explore the abuse and neglect phenomenon in long-term care facilities for the elderly population. Method: The systematic review comprised search on PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The key words used were older people care, long-term care, older people and older adults. Articles published in the last 5 years between 2017 to 2021 in recognised English-language journals and whose full text was available on the websites were included. Details of the selected studies were noted and analysed. RESULTS: Of the 336 studies initially identified, 15(4.46%) were reviewed in detail. Of them, 3(20%) had been done in North America, 6(40%) in Europe and 6(40%) in Asia. The prevalence of abuse and neglect in long-term care facilities for the elderly was generally high, with nursing home staff mostly involved due to burnout syndrome or related to personal factors, such as childhood adversity and work-related stress. CONCLUSIONS: Better understanding is critical for improving the quality of care in long-term care facilities to prevent abuse and neglect with the elderly.

Relationship between social support and family caregiver burden in schizophrenia patients.

Objectives: To assess the impact of social support on family caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Method: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Menur Mental Health Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from June to July 2021, and comprised family caregivers aged 20-60 years who lived with schizophrenia patients. Data was collected using the Indonesia version of Zarit Burden Interview and the social support questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. RESULTS: Of the 160 subjects, 87(54.4%) were males and 73(45.6%) were females, and 88(55%) were adults, while 36(22.5%) had duration of care >10 years. All the 160(100%) patients had been receiving regular treatment. There were 64(40%) respondents who reported having good social support. The correlation between social support and the family caregiver burden related to schizophrenia patients was significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between social support and burden on family caregivers of schizophrenia patients.

Relationship between anxiety and spiritual well-being of the elderly with hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To study the relationship between anxiety and the spiritual wellbeing of hypertensive elderly patients during the corona virus disease-2019 pandemic. Method: The cross-sectional, correlational, analytical study was conducted from March to May 2022 in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, after approval from the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, and comprised elderly hypertensive subjects aged >45 years who had good cognitive skills. Data was collected using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale and the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale. Anxiety was the independent variable, while spiritual wellbeing was the dependent variable. Data was analysed using univariate and bivariate analyses. RESULTS: Of the 200 subjects, 107(53.5%) were females and 93(46.5%) were males. Overall, 97(48.5%) were aged 45-49 years, 81(40.5%) had completed primary school, 96(48%) were farmers, 121(60.5%) had moderate anxiety and 80(40%) had moderate spiritual wellbeing. There was a significant relationship between anxiety and spiritual wellbeing (p<0.05). Age, education and occupation of the subjects had significant association with both anxiety and spiritual wellbeing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The coronavirus disease-2019 led to decreased anxiety and increased spiritual wellbeing among the hypertensive elderly.

Model of spiritual nursing care in enhancing quality of life of patients with heart failure.

Objectives: To develop a spiritual nursing care model to improve the quality of life of heart failure patients. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at two government hospitals in East Java, Indonesia, from August to November 2019, and comprised patients of either gender aged 30 years or above having classic heart failure symptoms of weariness, ankle swelling and dyspnoea. Standardised questionnaires were used to collect data regarding disease, psychosocial, spiritual, demographic and environmental factors as well as stressors, formation of meaning, coping strategy, spiritual wellbeing, and quality of life. Data was analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. RESULTS: Of the 222 patients, 124(55.9%) were males and 98(44.1%) were females. The overall mean age was 57.7±9.96 years. Overall, 33(14.9) patients were suffering from heart failure for >5 years, 36(16.2) had been hospitalised >5 times, and 8(3.6%) had no health insurance cover. Psychosocial (T=2.110), spiritual (T=1,998) and environmental (T=2,019) factors had an effect on the ability to assess stressors. Disease (T=5.497), spiritual (T=3.596) and environmental (T=3.172) factors had an effect on spiritual wellbeing. Disease (T=7.553), psychosocial (T=2.230) and environmental (T=2.625) factors affected the quality of life. The ability to assess stressors affected meaning formation (T=3.293), which had an effect on coping strategies (T=3.863), which, in turn, had an effect on spiritual wellbeing (T=9.776), and that affected the quality of life (T=2.669). CONCLUSIONS: The spiritual nursing care model was found to be influenced by disease, psychosocial and environmental factors as well as by spiritual wellbeing.

Relationships Among Self-Esteem, Bullying, and Cyberbullying in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

The current systematic review explored relationships among self-esteem, bullying, and cyberbullying in adolescents. Three databases were used to search for articles pertaining to mental health, health care, and the social sciences. Keywords, including "bully," "victim," "victimization," "harassment," "aggression," and "abuse," were used to describe victims of cyberbullying and locate relevant articles. A total of 861 articles were found during the initial search, 110 were assessed for eligibility, and 10 ultimately met inclusion criteria. Most studies found correlations among self-esteem, bullying, and cyberbullying. Self-esteem was linked to being a victim of cyberbullying but not to being a perpetrator of cyberbullying or bullying in general. Students with high self-esteem at the beginning of the school year were more likely to become bullies as they got older, whereas those with low self-esteem were less likely to do so. In addition, self-esteem was found to have direct negative effects on victimization and cybervictimization, and victimization and cybervictimization were found to have direct negative effects on peer difficulties. Findings suggest that adolescent bullying and cyberbullying perpetration may be mitigated by higher levels of self-esteem. Parents should pay close attention to and limit adolescents' exposure to bullying and cyberbullying and stressful life events. Psychiatric nurses should routinely screen adolescents and develop interventions to enhance self-esteem and reduce bullying and cyberbullying. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Determinants of Burden in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.

The current systematic review was performed to determine the specific burdens placed on families of individuals with schizophrenia. Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched, resulting in 21 articles that met inclusion criteria. Results showed that treatment of individuals with schizophrenia poses a burden on families. Most caregivers experienced emotional and financial problems that affected their quality of life. Influencing factors in caregivers were age, sex, educational level, family status, income, time spent with the individual per day, knowledge regarding schizophrenia, attitude, and psychological stress. Influencing factors in individuals with schizophrenia were age, sex, severity of illness, social function, and treatment adherence. Environmental factors were stigma, social support, and professional support from health care providers. Family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia need to be empowered to improve resilience and acceptance in caring for these individuals. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(2), 38-43.].

"Not shifting, but sharing": stakeholders' perspectives on mental health task-shifting in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Task-shifting, the distribution of tasks among health workers to address health workforce shortage, has been widely used to tackle mental health treatment gaps. However, its implementation in Indonesia has still been rarely explored. This study aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives on the implementation of mental health task-shifting to nurses in Indonesia's primary health care. METHODS: An exploratory descriptive approach using in-depth interviews and focused group discussions (FGDs) was used. The study involved 19 stakeholders from the government's ministry directorates, professional organisations, and mental health practitioners. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Three themes emerged namely, task-shifting feasibility and acceptability, shared task implementation, and nurse role enhancement issues, with 14 sub-themes. CONCLUSIONS: Task-shifting on mental health issues in the eye of Indonesian stakeholders is viewed as a matter of sharing and collaboration. Implementation of task-shifting in Indonesia may require policies in place and political will across stakeholders. Further scrutiny on task-shifting implementation is needed by considering the local context and national environment.

Development of a family resiliency model to care of patients with schizophrenia.

Families who care for schizophrenia suffer stress and lose the ability to treat. Family stress can be mediated by resilience. Objective: This study aimed to develop a family resilience model based on family-centred nursing for persons with schizophrenia. This study used a mixed-method cross-sectional approach. The population was a family of caregivers for persons with schizophrenia at Mental Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. The respondents were 137 families recruited by simple random sampling. Variables include family factors, risk factors, protective factors, patient factors, family stress, family resilience and family ability to care for persons with schizophrenia. The data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed with partial least squares. The statistical results afforded material for focus group discussions with six families and 10 health workers (psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses) in order to improve the model. The result showed family stress was influenced by family factors (path coefficient = -0.145; t = 2.26), risk factors (path coefficient = 0.753; t = 16.7) and patient factors (path coefficient = 0.159; t = 3.23). Family resilience is influenced by risk factors (path coefficient = 0.316; t = 2.60), protective factors (path coefficient = 0.176; t = 2.22) and family stress (path coefficient = 0.298; t = 2.54). Family resilience affects the family ability to treat persons with schizophrenia (path coefficient = 0.366; t = 5.36). The family resilience model increases family capability by 13.4%. The model helps families through stress management by controlling the burden and stigma so that families are able to survive, rise, growing stronger and be better at caring for persons with schizophrenia.

Mediating Effect of Motivation on the Relationship Between Lecturer Experience and Learning Environment With Caring Character Among Undergraduate Nursing Student in Indonesia.

Introduction: Caring is learned through faculty role-modeling and clinical interactions, enhancing nursing students' caring character. Relationship between caring, motivation, teacher experience, and learning environment remains uncertain. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between their caring characters, motivation, lecturer experience, and learning environment among undergraduate nursing students in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023, recruiting 550 undergraduate nursing students from 10 universities in West Java province, Indonesia. The study included instruments such as students' perceptions of learning, academic motivation scale, service quality assessment of instructional laboratories, and caring character learning instrument. The Bootstrap analysis was used to analyze the mediating effect of study variable. Results: The study involved participants aged 20-25 years. The mean scores for caring characters, lecturer experience, motivation, and learning environment were 2.18 ± 0.97, 3.46 ± 1.20, 4.32 ± 1.53, and 5.96 ± 2.08, respectively. The results showed significant direct effects of lecturer experience on caring character, mediating effects of learning environment, motivation, and chain mediating effects of learning environment and motivation. The direct effect accounted for 44.34% of the total effect, while the indirect effect was 35.21%. Conclusions: The study found that learning environment and motivation mediate the relationship between lecturer experience and caring characters among undergraduate nursing students in West Java, Indonesia. Emphasizing best practices and creating a student-friendly environment is crucial for fostering guidance and support.

Family-Centered Care Experiences in Elderly with Chronic Diseases in Communities: Qualitative Study of Patients, Families, Nurses, and Volunteers.

Introduction: The family, at community, must be an important part of elderly care. However, most of the elderly experience a decrease in psychological well-being and quality of life. This is not in accordance with the concept of the family-centered care (FCC) model and can endanger the continuity of the elderly with chronic illnesses. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore experience of FCC among patients with chronic illness, nurses, families, and volunteers. Methods: This study examines the contextual-based FCC model qualitatively. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted by 12 elderly people, 3 nurses, 10 family members, and 3 volunteers. In total, 36 people, where several were FGD participants, were also interviewed in depth. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with codes organized into larger themes. Result: In total, 36 interviews and FGDs were conducted. The concept of information interaction, the phenomenon of emotional interaction, the practical interaction, and various factors that can either facilitate or impede interaction, were considered the four significant themes. Conclusion: FCC acceptance is found in interactions between parents, nurses, family, and volunteers who are not optimistic. Lack of communication and collaboration was noted between community nurses and volunteers. Offer a new perspective on developing and implementing interventions that facilitate positive interactions, reduce family burdens, provide high-quality treatment for parents with chronic diseases, and improve the quality of care for those with advanced chronic conditions. Recommendation: These insights provide a fresh perspective on how to develop and implement effective interventions in this context. It is recommended that future research should employ multiple methodologies to investigate FCC across diverse health practices for the elderly population.

Stakeholder Recommendations for Sports-Focused Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Growing demand for nurses in the sports medicine field has raised awareness in preparing prospective nurses with the basic concepts of sports nursing. Recognizing this need, nursing study program need to continue to evolve and the first step begin with the analysis of the major concepts related to various domains involved in the curriculum. Stakeholders are the most important people to get involved in the curriculum development process. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore stakeholders' recommendation for establishing a strategy that would best enable the development of sports-focused undergraduate nursing curriculum. Methods: We conducted a focus group discussion using a a series of open-ended questions. Nineteen stakeholders participated in this study. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results: The results of this study found three themes consisting of sports nursing, advanced sports nursing, and sports in the discipline of nursing. On the theme of sports nursing, several sub-themes were obtained, the concept of sports nursing, the basics of sports physiology, adaptation of physiology to sports, psychology and sports injuries, problems in sports, education in sports, pathology in sports, and assistance in sports injuries. Conclusion: Identifying, understanding, and managing Stakeholder involvement in curriculum development is the main driver for creating nursing study programs that focus on sports nursing. Nursing can contribute to sports and create more specific areas of expertise. Sports nursing.

Factors affecting shift work sleep disorder in female shift work nurses: Integrating shift workers' coping with stress and transactional stress coping theory.

Background: Nurses have to work different and often irregular shifts to provide care. This puts nurses at health risks, such as sleep impairment. Design and methods: The aim of this study was to test the comprehensive conceptual framework for predicting shift work sleep disorder of female nurses, we used a structural equation model analysis based on shift worker's coping and transactional stress coping theory. This study used a cross-sectional design. We collected the data from three public hospitals and three private hospitals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, with a total sample of 201 female shift work nurses. Data were collected from February to April 2020. We were also granted permission by the director and the head nurse of these hospitals. After obtaining the informed consent forms, we distributed the online self-report questionnaire using Google Forms. Demographic data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis. We used a structural equation model analysis to test the comprehensive conceptual framework for predicting shift work sleep disorder of female shift work nurses. Results: The model's effectiveness in predicting factors contributing to shift work sleep disorder was confirmed by the good statistical fit indicated by the comparative fit index, root-mean-square error of approximation, incremental fit index, and Tucker Lewis Index. Conclusions: This study provides evidences that workload and interpersonal conflict contribute to occupational stress. Workload, interpersonal conflict, and the biological sleep clock influences shift work sleep disorder through mediators of coping strategies and stress.

What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review.

Introduction: Caring for people with schizophrenia has consequences, one of which is stressors during care. Families as caregivers often using coping strategies that involve relationships with self, others, or the transcendent/God or nature and also may include religious/spiritual practices. Objectives: This literature review aims to identify the benefit of using spiritual coping as used by a family schizophrenia caregiver. The variable is spiritual coping. Methods: This literature review method used PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. Search was conducted in March 2017, updated in August 2022 and submitted in April 2023 for the publication process, limited to English by using electronic databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sage, ProQuest, and PubMed. Results: Fifteen studies were included in this review. Two synthesized findings emerged: spiritual coping strategies used by family caregivers give positive effects for family. Conclusion: When the stress or crisis phase is experienced while caring for people with schizophrenia, the family who acts as a caregiver reveals the meaning of life they have and that they feel hopelessness and helplessness. In an effort to overcome the family's burden as caregivers, they often use spiritual coping, which is important to increase the caregiver's wellbeing.

The roles of nurses in supporting health literacy: a scoping review.

Introduction: The importance of health literacy in achieving optimum health is highly significant, particularly in the nursing profession where it is an integral part of the roles and functions of nurses. Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe the roles of nurses in promoting patient health literacy and identify the determinant factors of health literacy in nursing practices. Methods: An integrative search was conducted through four databases, namely, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SAGE Journal, and PubMed, using various keyword combinations such as "health literacy," "health information," "patient health literacy," "patient literacy," and "nurses." Furthermore, the inclusion criteria employed were peer-reviewed articles focused on the nursing profession, explicitly discussing health literacy related to nursing, and including original studies, such as cross-sectional, quasi-experimental, and qualitative studies. The selected review articles were all published between 2017 and 2022. Results: In total, 13 articles met the criteria and were applied in this scoping review. Most of these discuss health literacy related to nursing practice in clinical and community settings, as well as educational institutions. Health literacy is an essential aspect of professional nursing practice. Consequently, the supportive roles of nurses include acting as caregivers, facilitators, and educators to help patients overcome their literacy limitations and attain improved wellbeing. Conclusion: Nurses can improve the health literacy skills of patients by making health information related to their illnesses easier to access, understand, evaluate, and use. They must also recognize various factors influencing health literacy and use the factors as opportunities to optimize health literacy improvement. A health literacy approach can be applied by nurses to solve health problems and improve the quality of care for patients.

Living experiences of people living with HIV-AIDS from the client's perspective in nurse-client interaction in Indonesia: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Nurse-client interaction when providing nursing services is limited to optimizing treatment and self-care, with limited focus on the psychological problems of people living with HIV-AIDS. However, psychological problems manifest more often than the health risks of the disease itself. This study aimed to determine the emotional response of people living with HIV-AIDS who received limited attention from nurses from the perspective of nurse-client relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative design was used through in-depth face-to-face interviews in a semi-structured manner, in an effort to obtain complete data. This research used purposive sampling with Participatory Interpretative Phenomenology analysis, involving 22 participants (14 males and 8 females). RESULTS: This research produces several themes, with six subcategories: 1) Difficulty of social access, 2) Forcing to accept their situation and suppressing their will, 3) Wanting to be recognized like other people in general, 4) Social stigma and self-stigmatization affecting surroundings, 5) Lacking enthusiasm for life expectancy, 6) Always lingering under the shadow "when death picks up." CONCLUSION: The results showed that mental stress was experienced more than physical problems by people living with HIV-AIDS, thus prompting new changes to nursing services for HIV-AIDS patients that emphasize psychosocial aspects, in addition to clinical features, facilitated by satisfying relationships between nurses and clients to provide quality services.

Longitudinal Association Among Illness Perceptions, Coping, and Quality of Life After Extremity Injury.

This longitudinal cohort study examined changes in illness perceptions, coping strategies, and quality of life in hospitalized participants who had sustained extremity injuries, and examined the associations among these changes. A sample of 138 patients with extremity injuries was recruited between August 2019 and April 2020 from the trauma units of two similar referral medical centers, each with a capacity of over 200 beds in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Outcome measures were assessed prior to hospital discharge and 3 months post-discharge, including the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. We found that lower scores for illness perceptions (i.e., how a participant appraised and understood their medical condition and its possible consequences) and maladaptive coping strategies were significantly associated with lower quality of life scores. In addition, scores for adaptive coping strategies moderated the association between illness perceptions and quality of life. Our findings suggest that clinicians should endeavor to improve patients' illness perceptions and adaptive coping strategies during the first 3 months post-injury to promote improvement in quality of life following extremity injury.

Community of inquiry Framework Combined With Podcast Media in Nursing Education innovation During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Evaluative Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has not researched inquiry methods much, other than that it has never been combined with podcast media to better refine students' abilities. The purpose of this study was to determine student satisfaction with basic nursing theory and practice courses taught using the Community of Inquiry framework using podcast media. Methods: This evaluation was done at a university using a validated Community of Inquiry survey (n = 54) and interviews (n = 20). A convenience sample of 54 graduate students enrolled in a core research field comprised the study participants. The quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and the qualitative data were thematically coded. Results: Five major themes emerged: It was a new experience, and fun to learn; it is challenging to learn; it is an ongoing enthusiasm; it is well known, and useful to others. Overall, student satisfaction was high, especially in the cognitive presence (critical thinking) and instructor presence (mostly related to pedagogy) categories. Student perspectives on developing "social presence" vary, but the framework is generally effective for stimulating inquiry and fostering a sense of community. Students can gain thorough knowledge of the learning goals they wish to pursue. Conclusion: Formation of an "investigation community" through the use of the media of podcasts. This framework has significant potential for use in the teaching of nursing research subjects; satisfaction is high when students report learning not only theory and practice, but also how to "make" character changes through the formation of professional and intellectual communities.

"We are Tired but Do Not Give Up" the Dilemma and Challenges of Primary Nurses Facing the Omicron Variant: Qualitative Research.

Background: Everyone becomes aware due to the epidemic, especially primary department nurses. The significance of their experiences teaches nurses how to take care of themselves and be successful in their caregiving. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of nurses working in primary care settings in rural regions during the omicron variant pandemic. Methods: On the basis of the Nvivo 12 analytic approach, extensive semi-structured interviews were used to perform this qualitative study. 20 interviews later, data saturation had been reached. Data collecting was place from February to March 2022 for a month. The following participant characteristics were discovered through semi-structured interviews with 20 nurse participants. Ages of the participants, who were split between eight men and twelve women, varied from 28 to 43 years (average age 36.4 years). The majority (75% of them) had a vocational education, and their years of experience ranged from five to fifteen (average 11 years). Results: 4 topics and 7 sub-themes' results. The results' fundamental message is: The Nursing Clinical Practice Dilemma, school district, virus type uncertainty Indigenous peoples do not adhere to the concept of the afterlife. Must Be Excited and Alert; School Cluster; Virus Type Confusion; Non-Belief in Covid; and the Dilemma of Nursing in Clinical Practice are the Overarching Themes of This Study. Conclusion: Making innovations to increase motivation thereby reducing mental and physical fatigue are the implications of the results of this study. Further exploration of the readiness of nurses to treat patients in the main department is believed to be beneficial for the results of this study.