The Effect of Nursing Consultation Based on Orem's Theory of Self-care and Bandura's Concept on Infertility Stress.

INTRODUCTION: Infertility is one of the most stressful experiences in a couple's life. Several approaches have been proposed to manage infertility stress during the medically assisted technology process. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the effect of nursing consultation on the stress experienced by infertile couples before starting infertility treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to November 2018 among 120 infertile couples (240 patients) for whom stress was assessed. One hundred and thirteen patients of them who had a high infertility stress level were invited to participate in this randomized study (57 were assigned to the control group and 56 were included in the intervention group). The intervention group received nursing consultation based on Orem's theory and Bandura's concept in addition to the routine nursing care. Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used before and after nursing intervention. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The Chi-square test followed by a paired t-test and independent t-test was used for data analysis by SPSS software (version 20). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were no statistically significant differences before nursing intervention between the two groups in terms of PSS-10 (t = 1.18, P = 0.23) and GSES (t = -0.40, P = 0.689) scores, but a significant difference emerged in the intervention group following the nursing intervention: a reduction of the PSS score (t = -8.91, P = 0.000) and an increase in the GSES score (t = -5.25, P = 0.000, with 95% confidence interval (CI)). CONCLUSION: Nursing consultation has been shown to be beneficial in decreasing perceived stress and increased self-efficacy for infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technologies.

Infertility in the Moroccan population: an etiological study in the reproductive health centre in Rabat.

The causes of infertility vary widely and differ between regions and within countries. There is no report on this subject in Morocco. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the causes of infertility in Moroccan infertile couples and to compare the findings with data from the various published studies. This retrospective study included 1265 infertile couples who attended the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit of the Reproductive Health Centre of the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat. All couples had been infertile for at least 1 year and both partners were fully investigated. The median duration of infertility was 5 ± 4 years. Couples had primary and secondary infertility in 77.2% and 22.8% of cases, respectively. Among the 1265 couples, 39.6% had a female factor, 28.2% had a male factor, 17% had both male and female factors and in 15.2% of couples, the cause of infertility was undetermined. The most common causes of male infertility were varicocele (14.3%), obstructive azoospermia (7%), Congenital anomalies (5.5%) and male accessory gland infection (4%). Results showed that 54.8% of men had a normal semen analysis. Among women, infertility factors were ovulatory disorders (27.5%), tubal factor (26.6%), uterine factor (12.6%), endometriosis (4.1%), and 43.4% of women were normal. The causes of infertility in this study are comparable with those reported by the World Health Organization and other studies. However, the substantial delay before attending an infertility clinic highlighted by the study needs additional consideration.

Infertility in the Moroccan population: major risk factors encountered in the reproductive health centre in Rabat.

Infertility is responsible for a major cost burden for patients and health care systems. Therefore identifying preventable risk factors for infertility may contribute to the development of more cost-effective approaches to solving the infertility problem. However, such investigations have never been conducted in Morocco. Thereby, the objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of these factors among Moroccan infertile couples. This retrospective study included 1265 infertile couples who attended the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit of the Reproductive Health Centre of the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat. All couples had been infertile for at least 1 year and both partners were fully investigated. Couples had primary and secondary infertility in 77.2% and 22.8% of cases, respectively. Women were overweight in 47.9% of cases and obese in 25.8% of cases while men were overweight in 44.6% of cases and obese in 14.7% of cases. 18.9% of women and 17.5% of men had a previous abdominopelvic or urogenital surgery. A history of sexually transmitted infection was reported by 7% of men and 5.8% of women. A history of tuberculosis was found 9.3% of women and 4.8% of men. In addition, 31.7% of men were cigarette smokers and 8.4% consumed alcohol. The study showed that preventable risk factors of infertility are common among Moroccan infertile couples. However, additional studies are required to investigate each factor and its relation to infertility in the Moroccan population.

Predictors of Infertility Stress among Couples Diagnosed in a Public Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology.

BACKGROUND: All around the world, infertility, in many ways, is recognized as a stressful and a critical experience that can have impact on social and marital life of a couple. Infertility stress may affect the treatment and its outcome for such couples. The objective of the present study is to assess the predictors of high stress of infertility among married couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 couples (240 patients) who were diagnosed with primary and secondary infertility from June 2017 to June 2018. A psychological self-assessment questionnaire (Perceived Stress Scale-10) was used as a tool to evaluate the presence of high infertility stress among couples after obtaining their consent. Furthermore, other socioepidemiological data of patients were collected. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Univariate statistical analysis was used followed by multiple logistic regressions between high infertility stress and the predictor variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of high infertility stress was 53.3% among women and 40.8% among men. For women, multivariate analysis showed leading associations of high infertility stress with level of education, infertility type, infertility duration, and etiologies of infertility. However, for men, multivariate analysis showed leading associations between high infertility stress and alcohol status and inadequate sleep and infertility type.