Utilization of Local Microorganisms as Bioactivators to Produce Organic Fertilizers and Analysis of Molecular Bacterial Diversity.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Local micro organism (LMO) is the result of the fermentation of various mixtures of organic matter. One of the organic materials used, based on the local wisdom of West Sumatra, is tapai (fermented Cassava), which is used as a bio activator in the manufacture of organic fertilizer. The research aims to produce organic fertilizers that meet national quality standards in terms of the physical and chemical quality of fertilizers as well as to determine the diversity of bacteria in bio activators through next-generation sequencing analysis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The organic ingredients for bio activators, cow feces as basic fertilizer ingredients, materials for analyzing bacterial diversity, LMO gDNA was extracted using ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit DNA and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. <b>Results:</b> On a scale of 1-3, the physical quality of organic fertilizers had an average value of 2.58 for smell, 2.83 for texture and 2.58 for color. The chemical quality of organic fertilizers is C-organic (23.56%), nitrogen (1.60%), carbon and nitrogen ratio (14.75%), phosphate (0.47%) and potassium (0.64%). The results of the analysis of bacteria on the bioactivator consisted of 7 phyla, 9 families, 45 genres and 297 species. The most common species is <i>Lentilactobacillus hilgardii</i> (62%). <b>Conclusion:</b> The organic fertilizer produced using the mole tapai bio activator complies with Indonesian national standard 19-7030-2004 based on physical and chemical parameters. The type of bacteria that dominates the bioactivator is the lactic acid bacteria group, which reaches 90%.

Growth Rate and Carbon Absorption of Coral Transplantation by the Binding and Gluing Methods at Taman Nirwana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The gluing method has good prospect to the growth of transplanted coral if compared to the regular binding method. This study aimed to determine the differences in growth rates between transplanted corals with these two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coral seedlings used in this study were about 70-129 mm in size, taken from the branching life form of Acropora genera. Coral transplantation were mediated through regular the binding method and the gluing method, before the experiment result statistically tested with Mann-Whitney test. The experiment consisted of 2 treatments and 20 replicates. RESULTS: The absolute growth rate, the monthly growth rate and the branching rate of transplanted coral between the two methods were not different (p>0.05). On the other hand, the survival rate and quantitative carbon absorption of corals transplanted with gluing method were observed better than those with binding method. All transplanted corals through gluing method survived, while those transplanted with binding method survived 95% (19 living corals from initial 20 observed samples). The gluing transplanted corals averagely absorbed carbon as much as 23% (11.38 mg L-1), while the other method absorbed only 18% (8.99 mg L-1). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference of the growth rate between gluing transplanted corals and binding transplanted coral, however, the first method showed better survival rate and the carbon absorption than the later.

Studies on Biological Test of Formulated Diets Supplementation of Vitamin E for the Broodstock of Females Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Background: Currently, great progress in the artificial propagation of commercially important   portunid crabs of the genus Portunus has been achieved, and various methods have been adopted in mass-scale hatchery activities. This study analyzed the biological testing of formulated diets with different dose supplementations of vitamin E for the broodstock of female blue swimming crabs, P. pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Methods: Female crab samples were collected from the coastal region of Padang, West Sumatra. The method used in this study was completely randomized design, with four treatment regimens (n=5 crabs each) of dietary vitamin E (0, 300, 600, and 900 IU/kg formulated diets). Results: The results show that the supplementation of vitamin E in the formulated diet had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the absolute weight growth, carapace length and carapace width. Conclusions: Supplementation of vitamin E on in formulated diet causes broodstock blue swimming crab molting, with a percentage value of 40-80% on day 20 and 20% on day 30, with a 100% survival rate.