Genetic Variant of DNAM-1 rs763361 C>T Is Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Mexican Population.

DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed in CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and monocytes. It has been reported that two SNPs in the DNAM-1 gene, rs763361 C>T and rs727088 G>A, have been associated with different autoimmune diseases; however, the role of DNAM-1 in ankylosing spondylitis has been less studied. For this reason, we focused on the study of these two SNPs in association with ankylosing spondylitis. For this, 34 patients and 70 controls were analyzed using endpoint PCR with allele-specific primers. Our results suggest that rs763361 C>T is involved as a possible protective factor under the CT co-dominant model (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13-0.88, p = 0.022) and the CT + TT dominant model (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17-0.90, p = 0.025), while rs727088 G>A did not show an association with the disease in any of the inheritance models. When analyzing the relationships of the haplotypes, we found that the T + A haplotype (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.73, p = 0.0083) is a protective factor for developing the disease. In conclusion, the CT and CT + TT variants of rs763361 C>T and the T + A haplotype were considered as protective factors for developing ankylosing spondylitis.

In vitro Acaricidal Activity of Serratia Ureilytica Against the Dust Mite Tyrophagus Putrescentiae and Identification of Genes Related to Biocontrol.

The present study evaluated the acaricidal activity of three Serratia strains isolated from Mimosa pudica nodules in the Lancandon zone Chiapas, Mexico. The analysis of the genomes based on the Average Nucleotide Identity, the phylogenetic relationships allows the isolates to be placed in the Serria ureilytica clade. The size of the genomes of the three strains is 5.4 Mb, with a GC content of 59%. The Serratia UTS2 strain presented the highest mortality with 61.41% against Tyrophagus putrescentiae followed by the Serratia UTS4 strain with 52.66% and Serratia UTS3 with 47.69% at 72 h at a concentration of 1X109 cell/mL. In the bioinformatic analysis of the genomes, genes related to the synthesis of chitinases, proteases and cellulases were identified, which have been reported for the biocontrol of mites. It is the first report of S. ureilytica with acaricidal activity, which may be an alternative for the biocontrol of stored products with high fat and protein content.

Decrease in platelet count in patients with AKI and its association with major adverse kidney events.

INTRODUCTION: A reduction in platelet count in critically ill patients is a marker of severity of the clinical condition. However, whether this association holds true in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. We analyzed the association between platelet reduction in patients with AKI and major adverse kidney events (MAKE). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, we included AKI patients at the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara, in Jalisco, Mexico. Patients were divided according to whether their platelet count fell >21% during the first 10 days. Our objectives were to analyze the associations between a platelet reduction >21% and MAKE at 10 days (MAKE10) or at 30-90 days (MAKE30-90) and death. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2023, 400 AKI patients were included, 134 of whom had a > 21% reduction in platelet count. The mean age was 54 years, 60% were male, and 44% had sepsis. The mean baseline platelet count was 194 x 103 cells/µL, and 65% of the KDIGO3 patients met these criteria. Those who underwent hemodialysis (HD) had lower platelet counts. After multiple adjustments, a platelet reduction >21% was associated with MAKE10 (OR 4.2, CI 2.1-8.5) but not with MAKE30-90. The mortality risk increased 3-fold (OR 2.9, CI 1.1-7.7, p = 0.02) with a greater decrease in the platelets (<90 x 103 cells/µL). As the platelets decreased, the incidence of MAKE was more likely to increase. These associations lost significance when accounting for starting HD. CONCLUSION: In our retrospective cohort of patients with AKI, a > 21% reduction in platelet count was associated with MAKE. Our results are useful for generating hypotheses and motivating us to continue studying this association with a more robust design.

A reduction in platelet count in critically ill patients has been associated with a worse prognosis, but it is not yet known whether this relationship also exists in patients with acute kidney injury, who are more susceptible to platelet decrease due to the syndrome or due to the onset of hemodialysis. In our study of acute kidney injury patients, we found that those whose platelet count decreased >21% during the first days were more likely to experience a major kidney event. In addition, the greater the decrease in platelet count was, the more likely these events were to occur. The significance of this association was lost in patients who start hemodialysis. Our conclusions could serve to generate hypotheses about this interesting relationship.

SGLT2i treatment during AKI and its association with major adverse kidney events.

Background: The association between the administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) during acute kidney injury (AKI) and the incidence of major adverse kidney events (MAKEs) is not known. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with AKI and compared the outcomes for those who were treated with SGLT2is during hospitalization and those without SGLT2i treatment. The associations of SGLT2i use with MAKEs at 10 and 30-90 days, each individual MAKE component, and the pre-specified patient subgroups were analyzed. Results: From 2021 to 2023, 374 patients were included in the study-316 without SGLT2i use and 58 with SGLT2i use. Patients who were treated with SGLT2is were older; had a greater prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney disease; required hemodialysis less often; and presented stage 3 AKI less frequently than those who were not treated with SGLT2is. Logistic regression analysis with nearest-neighbor matching revealed that SGLT2i use was not associated with the risk of MAKE10 (OR 1.08 [0.45-2.56]) or with MAKE30-90 (OR 0.76 [0.42-1.36]). For death, the stepwise approach demonstrated that SGLT2i use was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.08; 0.01-0.64), and no effect was found for kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The subgroups of patients who experienced a reduction in the risk of MAKEs in patients with AKI treated with SGLT2is were those older than 61 years, those with an eGFR >81, and those without a history of hypertension or DM (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The use of SGLT2is during AKI had no effect on short- or medium-term MAKEs, but some subgroups of patients may have experienced benefits from SGLT2i treatment.

Influence of Hospital Type on Outcomes of Patients With Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Whether the outcome of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) differs depending on the type of hospital where they are admitted is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine influence of hospital type at admission (telestroke center [TSC], primary stroke center [PSC], or comprehensive stroke center [CSC]) on outcome for patients with ICH. We hypothesized that outcomes may be better for patients admitted to a CSC. METHODS: This is a multicenter prospective observational and population-based study of a cohort of consecutively recruited patients with ICH (March 2020-March 2022). We included all patients with spontaneous ICH in Catalonia (Spain) who had a pre-ICH modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0-3 and who were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours of onset. We compared patients admitted to a TSC/PSC (n = 641) or a CSC (n = 1,320) and also analyzed the subgroup of patients transferred (n = 331) or not transferred (n = 310) from a TSC/PSC to a CSC. The main outcome was the 3-month mRS score obtained by blinded investigators. Outcomes were compared using adjusted ordinal logistic regression to estimate the common odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for a shift in mRS scores. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed for the subgroup of transferred patients. RESULTS: Relevant data were obtained from 1961 of a total of 2,230 patients, with the mean (SD) age of 70 (14.1) years, and 713 (38%) patients were women. After adjusting for confounders (age, NIH Stroke Scale score, intraventricular hemorrhage, hematoma volume, and pre-ICH mRS score), type of hospital of initial admission (CSC vs TSC/PSC) was not associated with outcome (adjusted common OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93-1.38). A PSM analysis indicated that transfer to a CSC was not associated with more favorable outcomes (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.55-1.10; p = 0.16). DISCUSSION: In this population-based study, we found that, after adjusting for confounders, hospital types were not associated with functional outcomes. In addition, for patients who were transferred from a TSC/PSC to a CSC, PSM indicated that outcomes were similar to nontransferred patients. Our findings suggest that patient characteristics are more important than hospital characteristics in determining outcome after ICH. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03956485.

Mola hidatiforme parcial con feto vivo sano a término / Partial hydatidiform mole with healthy live fetus reaching term

Resumen ANTECDENTES: El embarazo molar parcial, con feto vivo sano coexistente, es una forma rara de las molas hidatiformes. Debido a los pocos casos reportados se carece de guías que marquen la pauta para la atención médica de estas pacientes. Si bien el riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas en estos casos es alto, un gran porcentaje de las pacientes puede llegar a tener un recién nacido sano. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 29 años, primigesta, con embarazo espontáneo. A las 23.3 semanas se detectó, por ultrasonido, que la placenta tenía múltiples imágenes anecoicas en su interior, un patrón en "racimo de uvas" que sugería un posible embarazo molar. La paciente decidió continuar con el embarazo a pesar de haberle explicado los riesgos obstétricos. Durante el resto del embarazo cursó con hipertensión gestacional y trombocitopenia, quizá gestacional. Se decidió la finalización del embarazo por vía abdominal a las 38 semanas. El reporte histopatológico corroboró el diagnóstico de mola hidatiforme parcial. CONCLUSIÓN: El momento de finalización del embarazo se determina con base en las complicaciones de la madre o el feto. Es importante la adecuada comunicación con la paciente.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Partial molar pregnancy with coexisting healthy living fetus is a rare form of hydatidiform molas. Due to the few reported cases, there is a lack of guidelines for the medical care of these patients. Although the risk of obstetric complications in these cases is high, a large percentage of patients may go on to have a healthy newborn. CLINICAL CASE: A 29-year-old primigravida patient with a spontaneous pregnancy. At 23.3 weeks, the placenta was detected by ultrasound to have multiple anechoic images in its interior, a "cluster of grapes" pattern suggesting a possible molar pregnancy. The patient decided to continue with the pregnancy after the obstetric risks were explained to her. During the remainder of the pregnancy she presented with gestational hypertension and thrombocytopenia, perhaps gestational. It was decided to terminate the pregnancy by abdominal approach at 38 weeks. The histopathological report corroborated the diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole. CONCLUSION: The timing of termination of pregnancy is determined based on maternal or fetal complications. Adequate communication with the patient is important.

Haciendo frente a la epidemia de VIH/SIDA en México: ¿Una respuesta organizada? / Facing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mexico: The response of the health sector

Objetivo. Analizar los retos y logros de los sistemas de salud mexicano en la lucha contra el VIH/SIDA a 20 años del descubrimiento del virus. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía pertinente para el caso de México. Los tópicos principales revisados son el perfil epidemiológico del VIH/SIDA; las primeras respuestas del sistema y de la sociedad civil hacia la epidemia; la prevención y los comportamientos de riesgo; atención y tratamiento con énfasis en cobertura y normas terapéuticas; y financiamiento y asignación de recursos. Discusión. En México se produjo una rápida respuesta inicial ante la epidemia que contribuyó a mantenerla limitada a ciertos grupos de la población, no obstante, sin garantizar la protección futura de la población general y de los grupos más afectados. Las prácticas sexuales de riesgo se mantienen elevadas tanto en los grupos considerados tradicionalmente con más prácticas de riesgo como entre los jóvenes. A pesar de que la epidemia en México se considera como concentrada, principalmente en hombres que tienes sexo con hombres (HSH) y usuarios de drogas inyectables (UDI), los esfuerzos de prevención no tienen la suficiente focalización: sólo 13% del gasto en prevención se encuentra dirigido a la población de mayor vulnerabilidad para contraer el VIH. Por otra parte, en los últimos años ha habido un incremento importante en materia de provisión de antirretrovirales: el gasto en los mismos pasó de 30 millones en el año 2001 a 367 millones de pesos para el año 2003 alcanzando una cobertura cercana a 100%. Del total del gasto público en VIH/SIDA, 82.4% lo ejerció la seguridad social y el restante 17.6% lo ejerció la Secretaría de Salud; los fondos de la seguridad social se destinan a la atención y tratamiento de alrededor de 50% de las personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA, mientras que de los de la Secretaría de Salud se financia la otra mitad y la mayor parte de los gastos en prevención. Uno de los retos a que se enfrenta el sistema de salud, que ha logrado una cobertura cercana a 100% de atención con antirretrovirales es el cómo proveer de una atención de calidad, con un monitoreo adecuado, promoción de la adhesión y reconocimiento del problema de resistencia y efectos secundarios, sin un incremento explosivo en los costos.

Objective. To analyze the challenges and accomplishments of the Mexican health system as it faced the HIV/AIDS epidemic over the 20 years since discovery of the virus. Methods. A review of the relevant literature was done. The topics revised were: HIV/AIDS epidemiology, the early response of the health system and civil society, prevention and risk behaviors, care and treatment, and financing and resources allocation. Discussion. In Mexico a rapid initial public response surely contributed to containing any early spread of the epidemic to select populations; whether that spread will continue to be contained is an open question. Sexual risk practices remain high not only among traditional risk populations but also among youth. Even though the epidemic remains concentrated in Mexico, principally among MSM and IDU, only 13% of public HIV prevention funds are directed to key populations at especially high risk of becoming infected or infecting others. In recent years antirretroviral coverage has increased rapidly with funding increasing from 30 to 367 million pesos from 2001 to 2003 and coverage now approaching 100%. Of all health spending on HIV/AIDS in the public sector, 82.4% is spent by the social security institutes and 17.6% by the Ministry of Health. The former provides medical care to about half of PLHA while the latter, in addition to caring for the other half, supports the large majority of prevention expenses. One of the challenges faced by the health system which has largely achieved universal antiretroviral coverage is how to provide quality care with appropriate monitoring, promotion of adherence and recognition and treatment of resistance and adverse effects - without dramatically increasing costs.

Condrosarcoma pélvico secundario y enfermedad de Ollier: informe de caso / Pelvis chondrosarcoma secondary to Ollier's disease: case report

La osteocondromatosis múltiple es una alteración familiar de tipo autosómico dominante caracterizada por exostosis múltiple, lesiones que se originan en el cartílago epifisario y secundariamente desarrollan condrosarcomas. La edad promedio de esta presentación es de 31 años. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 21 años con exostosis múltiple que desarrolló condrosarcoma en la pelvis. Radiográficamente la neoplasia se originaba en la pelvis con destrucción de la rama pélvica derecha. Se trató quirúrgicamente con hemipelvectomía y posteriormente recibió quimioterapia y radioterapia. Histológicamente se observó condrosarcoma de bajo grado de malignidad. Presentó metástasis pulmonares y falleció.