Prevalence and influencing factors of subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease in different regions of Gansu province, China: a cross-sectional study of 100,725 residents from 2017 to 2022.

Background: To investigate the prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to analyze the influencing factors in different regions of Gansu Province. Methods: We used data from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project (MPP), which screened 100,725 residents aged 35-75 years from 10 project sites in Gansu Province, China, from 2017 to 2022. In addition, a questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements, and collection of biological samples were carried out. Results: Of the 100,082 residents included, 21,059 were identified as subjects at high-risk for CVD. The overall prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for CVD was 19.7%, and the prevalence rate in the HeXi region was greater than that in the LongZhong and LongDong regions. The prevalence rates were 14.0%, 58.2%, 34.9%, and 5.7% for cardiovascular history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and WHO-assessed risk ≥20%, respectively. The prevalence rate of cardiovascular history type was the highest in the HeXi region, hypertension and dyslipidemia types were the highest in the LongZhong region, and WHO-assessed risk ≥20% type was the highest in the LongDong region. Male, higher education level, smoking status, snoring status, overweight and obesity status, central obesity status, and disease history were more likely to be risk factors for subjects at high risk for CVD. There were some differences among different regions in age, annual household income, farming status, rural/urban status, and drinking status. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of subjects at high risk for CVD in Gansu Province is relatively high. Individualized intervention measures as well as comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be adopted, focusing on the distribution characteristics of risk factors among high-risk subjects in different regions.

[The tendency of prevalence of hypertension in two countries in Gansu province from 1990 to 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To study the variation tendency of hypertension in two rural areas in Gansu, and provide epidemiological evidence to evaluate the hypertension of rural residents. METHODS: Using equidistant random sampling method and cross-sectional sentinel monitoring, two remote natural villages, Yangzhuang and Xiangming, at Yellow river and Yangtze river valley were selected as hypertension monitoring site. From 1990 to 2012, clinical examination to the resident above 18 years old was carried out continuously for 23 years, 11 164 cases were included. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence of tested cases increased with years, Yangzhuang monitoring site increased from 6.9% (16/232) in 1990 to 36.7% (216/597) in 2012 with an increase of 29.8%, and Xiangming monitoring site increased from 3.4% (16/474) in 1995 to 20.6% (120/582) in 2011 with an increase of 17.2%. Total prevalence of Yangzhuang (24.1%, 1505/6240) was significantly higher than Xiangming (11.4%, 578/4924) (χ(2) = 277.9, P < 0.01). Total hypertension prevalence of 18 - 35 years old group was 9.9% (292/2944) in Yangzhuang and 4.2% (63/1495) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 43.7, P < 0.01). Total hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was 36.8% (1213/3296) in Yangzhuang and 14.1% (515/3429) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 417.7, P < 0.01). The growth rates of hypertension prevalence in 18 - 35 years old group of both areas (Yangzhuang: 823.5%, Xiangming: 614.3%) were higher than 35 years old group (Yangzhuang:310.5%, Xiangming: 368.0%), but the hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was higher than 18 - 35 years old group. Hypertension prevalence of male was 25.4% (761/2992) in Yangzhuang and 11.7% (238/2047) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 145.8, P < 0.01), hypertension prevalence of female was 22.7% (738/3248) in Yangzhuang and 11.2% (340/2877)in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 125.1, P < 0.01). While the difference between male and female had no statistical significance in both areas. CONCLUSION: Hypertension of the two monitoring points was in high epidemic trend, but with different epidemic trend. From different region and environment research to discuss the cause of hypertension can provide scientific evidence for prevention and control.

[Effects of different feeding practices at 0-6 months and living economic conditions on anemia prevalence of infants and young children].

OBJECTIVE: In order to understand the anemic prevalence in the infants and young children and its relation to the feeding pattern at 0-6 months and on economic income. METHODS: A questionnaire survey were used to collect the information on nutritional and health status of infants and young children (6 to 23 months) living in poverty-rural areas of Gansu Province, and hemoglobin concentration was measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 58.2% in the children aged from 6 months to 23 months. The rate of anemia in boys was higher than that of the girls (61.0% and 55.1%), but there was no significant difference. There were significant differences in hemoglobin levels among different age groups (F = 5.206, P < 0.01). The child's hemoglobin concentration was trend to significantly decrease from 6-month-old and more, and reach to the lowest level at 12 months of age and more. After that, the hemoglobin began to gradually increase with age. The change of hemoglobin concentration was consistent with anemic prevalence, the higher prevalence of anemia was the group aged 6-month-old and more, and the group aged 12-month-old and more had highest prevalence. There were significant difference among the different feeding pattern on the anemic prevalence (chi2 = 9.245, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of anemia in children fed with infant formula had the lowest anemic rate and was significantly lower than those of the mixed feeding and breastfeeding children (chi2 = 8.529 and 7.173, P < 0.05). The living economic conditions were a linear trend with the hemoglobin level of children, but there was no significant difference among the different feeding groups (F = 0.637, P > 0.05). The better household economic conditions, tends to have the lower in anemic prevalence, but there was no significant difference (chi2 = 1.666, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The children had lowest hemoglobin level and highest anemic prevalence in the group aged 12-month-old and more, the anemic prevalence of children fed with infant formula had significantly lower than those of the mixed feeding and breastfeeding children, and family economic status on the prevalence of anemia was not obvious. The present results showed that we should focus on the prevention and improvement of iron status and anemia in infants more than 6-months and young children.

[Preliminary test of phlebotomus surveillance by light-traps].

Different light-traps were tested in Wenxian of Gansu Province, including the light-traps without lamp and with glucose solution as attractant. Results showed that the light-traps attracted more mosquitoes and other insects than sandflies, and it became difficult to pick up the sandflies from gathering packet; the light-trap without lamp captured smaller amount of sandflies but much less other insects; glucose showed no significant effect in attracting sandflies. The existing light-traps are not so effective for Phlebotomus surveillance, and it is suggested that more effective attractants be tried.

[Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in human population of Wenxian County, Gansu Province].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the status of Leishmania infantum asymptomatic infection in human population of a Kala-azar endemic area in Wenxian County, Gansu Province, and to evaluate the tests used. METHODS: Blood samples were tested by PCR using two pairs of primers, RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B, for detecting Leishmania-specific DNA. ELISA and rK39-dipstick were used to detect Leishmania-specific antibodies. RESULTS: The positive rate of PCR, ELISA and rK39-dipstick was 30.9%(83/269). 24.2%(65/269) and 0 (0/269) respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asymptomatic infection of L. infantum in humans is high in the area. PCR test based on RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B primer pairs is a sensitive and specific method for detecting the asymptomatic infection.

The High Prevalence of Low HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Dyslipidemia in Rural Populations in Northwestern China.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is a major health problem in China and an important modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and associated risk factors among adults in rural northwest China. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analyses involving 2,980 adults aged >18 years, information on the demographics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and medical history was collected via face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected to determine total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) levels. RESULTS: The prevalence of high TC, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, and high TG were 1.0%, 0.6%, 60.9%, and 13.7%, respectively. TC, LDL-cholesterol, and TG increased with age in females. Elevated TC was more common in females than in males. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was 67.6% in males and 55.4% in females. Current smokers, those with less education, those who were overweight or obese, and those with large waist circumference were more likely to have low HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). Multivariable regression showed that male gender showed an association with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.68-2.61), age ≥60 years (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99), BMI (BMI = 24-27.9, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54, p = 0.02 and BMI≥28, OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.10-2.20, p = 0.01) and enlarged waist circumference (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.51-2.92). Non-alcohol drinker was associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.53-0.99, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was 67.6% and 55.4% for males and females. Male gender, non-alcohol drinker, BMI and central obesity were important risk factors for low HDL-cholesterol in Chinese adults.