The SIRT3/GSK-3ß/GLUT4 axis might be involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in old male rat offspring.

Maternal hypoxia is strongly linked to insulin resistance (IR) in adult offspring, and altered insulin signaling for muscle glucose uptake is thought to play a central role. However, whether the SIRT3/GSK-3ß/GLUT4 axis is involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle IR in old male rat offspring has not been investigated. Maternal hypoxia was established from Days 5 to 21 of pregnancy by continuous infusion of nitrogen and air. The biochemical parameters and levels of key insulin signaling molecules of old male rat offspring were determined through a series of experiments. Compared to the control (Ctrl) old male rat offspring group, the hypoxic (HY) group exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (~30%), fasting blood insulin (FBI) (~35%), total triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as results showing impairment in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed impaired cellular structures and mitochondria in the longitudinal sections of skeletal muscle from HY group mice, which might be associated with decreased SIRT3 expression. Furthermore, the expression of insulin signaling molecules, such as GSK-3ß and GLUT4, was also altered. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the SIRT3/GSK-3ß/GLUT4 axis might be involved in maternal hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle IR in old male rat offspring.

Long-term mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a propensity score matching retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are effective ways to treat end-stage renal disease (ERSD). This study aimed to investigate the differences in survival and the factors that influence it in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with HD or PD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed factors related to all-cause death with renal replacement therapy and compared the long-term mortality between HD and PD strategies in patients with ESRD who started HD or PD treatment in our renal HD center between January 1, 2008, and December 1, 2021. RESULTS: Overall, 1,319 patients were included, comprising 690 and 629 patients in the HD and PD groups, respectively, according to the inclusion criteria. After propensity matching, 922 patients remained, with 461 (50%) patients each in the two groups. There were no significant differences in the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year mortality rates between the HD and PD groups (all p > .05). However, the 5- and 10-year mortality rates of the matched patients were 15.8%. 17.6% in the HD group and 21.0%. 27.3% in the PD group, respectively. The 5- and 10-year mortality rates were significantly lower in the HD group (all p < .05) as compared to the PD group. After matching, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with log-rank test was performed, which showed a significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups (p = .001). Logistic multifactor regression analysis revealed that age, weight, hypertension, serum creatinine, and combined neoplasms influenced the survival rate of patients with ESRD (p < .05). In contrast, age, hypertension, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum creatinine, and peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) influenced the survival rate of patients in the HD group (p < .05), and age and weight influenced the survival rate of patients in the PD group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that long-term mortality rates were higher in the PD group than that in the HD group, indicating that HD may be superior to PD.

Fractalkine Enhances Hematoma Resolution and Improves Neurological Function via CX3CR1/AMPK/PPARγ Pathway After GMH.

BACKGROUND: Hematoma clearance has been a proposed therapeutic strategy for hemorrhagic stroke. This study investigated the impact of CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) activation mediated by r-FKN (recombinant fractalkine) on hematoma resolution, neuroinflammation, and the underlying mechanisms involving AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) pathway after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). METHODS: A total of 313 postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rat pups were used. GMH was induced using bacterial collagenase by a stereotactically guided infusion. r-FKN was administered intranasally at 1, 25, and 49 hours after GMH for short-term neurological evaluation. Long-term neurobehavioral tests (water maze, rotarod, and foot-fault test) were performed 24 to 28 days after GMH with the treatment of r-FKN once daily for 7 days. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, CX3CR1 CRISPR, or selective CX3CR1 inhibitor AZD8797, was administered intracerebroventricularly 24 hours preinduction of GMH. Selective inhibition of AMPK/PPARγ signaling in microglia via intracerebroventricularly delivery of liposome-encapsulated specific AMPK (Lipo-Dorsomorphin), PPARγ (Lipo-GW9662) inhibitor. Western blot, Immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, Hemoglobin assay, and ELISA assay were performed. RESULTS: The brain expression of FKN and CX3CR1 were elevated after GMH. FKN was expressed on both neurons and microglia, whereas CX3CR1 was mainly expressed on microglia after GMH. Intranasal administration of r-FKN improved the short- and long-term neurobehavioral deficits and promoted M2 microglia polarization, thereby attenuating neuroinflammation and enhancing hematoma clearance, which was accompanied by an increased ratio of p-AMPK (phosphorylation of AMPK)/AMPK, Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), PPARγ, CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), CD163 (hemoglobin scavenger receptor), CD206 (the mannose receptor), and IL (interleukin)-10 expression, and decreased CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68), IL-1ß, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) α expression. The administration of CX3CR1 CRISPR or CX3CR1 inhibitor (AZD8797) abolished the protective effect of FKN. Furthermore, selective inhibition of microglial AMPK/PPARγ signaling abrogated the anti-inflammation effects of r-FKN after GMH. CONCLUSIONS: CX3CR1 activation by r-FKN promoted hematoma resolution, attenuated neuroinflammation, and neurological deficits partially through the AMPK/PPARγ signaling pathway, which promoted M1/M2 microglial polarization. Activating CX3CR1 by r-FKN may provide a promising therapeutic approach for treating patients with GMH.

A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection.

Rapid, convenient and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to timely diagnosis of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and control of the epidemic. In this study, a signal-off photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein detection based on a magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction (Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@CdS/Au, FSTCA). Integrating the advantages of magnetic materials and all-solid-state Z-scheme heterostructures, FSTCA was implemented to ligate the capture antibody to form magnetic capture probe (FSTCA/Ab1). It can simplify the separation and washing process to improve reproducibility and stability, while allowing immune recognition to be performed in the liquid phase instead of the traditional solid-liquid interface to improve anti-interference. Besides, the heterojunction inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole (e-/h+) and promoted the light absorption to provide superior photoelectric substrate signal. The mechanism of photogenerated e-/h+ transfer of FSTCA were investigated by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. SiO2 spheres loaded with Au NPs utilized as an efficient signal quencher. The steric hindrance effect of SiO2@Au labeled detection antibodies (SiO2@Au-Ab2) conjugates significantly diminished light absorption and hindered the transfer of photogenerated electrons, further amplifying the signal change value. Based on the above merits, the elaborated immunosensor had a wide linear range of 10 pg mL-1-100 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit down to 2.9 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). The fabricated PEC immunosensor demonstrated strong anti-interference, easy operation, and high sensitivity, showing enormous potential in clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Performance of Classification Models of Toxins Based on Raman Spectroscopy Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

Rapid and accurate detection of protein toxins is crucial for public health. The Raman spectra of several protein toxins, such as abrin, ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and bungarotoxin (BGT), have been studied. Multivariate scattering correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), and wavelet transform methods (WT) were applied to preprocess Raman spectra. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract spectral features, and the PCA score plots clustered four toxins with two other proteins. The k-means clustering results show that the spectra processed with MSC and MSC-SG methods have the best classification performance. Then, the two data types were classified using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with an accuracy of 100%. The prediction results of the PCA and PLS-DA and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR) perform well for the fingerprint region spectra. The PLSR model demonstrates excellent classification and regression ability (accuracy = 100%, Rcv = 0.776). Four toxins were correctly classified with interference from two proteins. Classification models based on spectral feature extraction were established. This strategy shows excellent potential in toxin detection and public health protection. These models provide alternative paths for the development of rapid detection devices.

Prenatal hypoxia inhibited propionate-evoked BK channels of mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells in offspring.

As a common complication of pregnancy, gestational hypoxia has been shown to predispose offspring to vascular dysfunction. Propionate, one of short-chain fatty acids, exerts cardioprotective effects via reducing blood pressure. This study examined whether prenatal hypoxia impaired propionate-stimulated large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BK) channel activities in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) and normoxia (21% oxygen) from gestational day 7-21. At 6 weeks of age, VSMCs in mesenteric arteries of offspring were analysed for BK channel functions and gene expressions. It was shown firstly that propionate could open significantly BK single channel in VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Antagonists of G protein ßγ subunits and inositol trisphosphate receptor could completely suppress the activation of BK by propionate, respectively. Gαi/o and ryanodine receptor were found to participate in the stimulation on BK. Compared to the control, vasodilation and increments of BK NPo (the open probability) evoked by propionate were weakened in the offspring by prenatal hypoxia with down-regulated Gßγ and PLCß. It was indicated that prenatal hypoxia inhibited propionate-stimulated BK activities in mesenteric VSMCs of offspring via reducing expressions of Gßγ and PLCß, in which endoplasmic reticulum calcium release might be involved.

Protective effect of hypoglycemic granule against diabetes-induced liver injury by alleviating glycolipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress.

The current study was designed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of different extraction, which came from hypoglycemic granule on diabetes-induced liver injury. The ethanol fraction (HGEF) and aqueous fraction (HGAF) from hypoglycemic granule were prepared and administered p.o. to diabetic mice for 17 weeks after 6 weeks of constructing the model. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were individually applied to observe the morphological change and glycogen deposition. In addition, Oil Red O staining was adopted in lipid droplets detection. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression. The commercial biochemical kits were used to determine the fasting blood glucose value, enzyme activity, and some biochemical indicators. HGEF not only significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, the content of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and lipid droplet accumulation, but also remarkably enhanced the high-density lipoprotein, glycogen synthesis, and further improved the hepatic function in diabetic mice. Moreover, HGEF increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibited the malondialdehyde production, so did HGAF. HGAF performed potential to modulate lipid metabolism via decreasing TG and LDL levels. Further, the protein expressions of SOD, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and forkhead box O3 (Foxo3a) were increased by HGEF, whereas the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIP3), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and cytochrome c (Cyt c) expressions were inhibited. Our present results suggest that HGEF has superiority in ameliorating oxidative stress via modulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism homeostasis in low-dose streptozotocin-induced liver tissue of diabetic mice.

Isoproterenol Triggers ROS/P53/S100-A9 Positive Feedback to Aggravate Myocardial Damage Associated with Complement Activation.

Negative feelings caused by external stress can continually agonize adrenergic receptors via promoting catecholamine secretion, causing cardiovascular disease. This study examines the mechanism by which persistent ß-adrenergic receptor agonism induces myocardial injury. A rat model of cardiac injury was herein established using isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, continuous intraperitoneal injection for 3 days), and multiomics technology combined with metabolomics and proteomics was used to explore the mechanism by which persistent ß-adrenergic receptor agonism induces myocardial injury. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon was further verified at the cellular level. Isoproterenol-induced persistent ß-adrenergic receptor agonism promoted the release of reactive oxygen species, and P53, S100-A9, and complement 3 were shown to be involved in complement system activation pathways. Our data have demonstrated that isoproterenol could trigger ROS/P53/S100-A9 positive feedback to aggravate myocardial damage associated with complement activation.

A Proteomics- and Metabolomics-Based Study Revealed That Disorder of Palmitic Acid Metabolism by Aconitine Induces Cardiac Injury.

Currently, research on cardiac injury by aconitine focuses on its effect to directly interfere with the function of cardiac ion channels. Further, abnormal lipid metabolism could cause cardiac injury via inflammatory signaling pathway. In our preliminary study, we discovered that aconitine could alter the metabolism processes of various substances, including palmitic acid. Inspired by these studies, we investigated how elevation of palmitic acid by aconitine causes cardiac injury. Aconitine induced cardiac injury in rats (0.32 mg/kg, d = 7), and the cardiac injury was confirmed by electrocardiogram and serum biochemical study. The proteomic and metabolomic results showed that the palmitic acid level increases in heart tissue, and the NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway showed a strong effect of cardiac injury. The palmitic acid results in cell viability decline and activates NLR signaling in vitro. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of NLRP3 and NOD1/2 attenuates palmitic acid-induced inhibitory effect on cells and inhibited activation of the NLR signaling pathway. Collectively, this study reveals that aconitine provoked palmitic acid elevation could aggravate cardiac injury via the NLR signaling pathway. This study suggests that drug triggered disorder of the metabolism process could evoke cardiac injury and could propose a new strategy to study drug cardiac injury.

A Large-Scale, Multi-Center Urine Biomarkers Identification of Coronary Heart Disease in TCM Syndrome Differentiation.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) threatens human health. The discovery and assessment of potential biometabolic markers for different syndrome types of CHD may contribute to decipher pathophysiological mechanisms and identify new targets for diagnosis and treatment. On the basis of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomics technology, urine samples of 1072 participants from nine centers, including normal control, phlegm and blood stasis (PBS) syndrome and Qi and Yin deficiency (QYD) syndrome, and other syndromes of CHD, were conducted to find biomarkers. Among them, the discovery set ( n = 125) and the test set ( n = 337) were used to identify and validate biomarkers, and the validation set ( n = 610) was used for the application and evaluation of the support vector machine (SVM) prediction model. We discovered 15 CHD-PBS syndrome biomarkers and 12 CHD-QYD syndrome biomarkers, and the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of them were 0.963 and 0.990. The established SVM model has a good diagnostic ability and can well distinguish the two syndromes of CHD with a high predicted accuracy >98.0%. The discovery of biomarkers and metabolic pathways in different syndrome types of CHD provides a basis for the diagnosis and evaluation of CHD, thereby improving the accurate diagnosis and precise treatment level of Chinese medicine.

Chronic hypoxia in pregnancy affects thymus development in Balb/c mouse offspring via IL2 Signaling.

Hypoxia during pregnancy can adversely affect development. This study, addressed the impact of prenatal hypoxia on thymus development in the rodent offspring. Pregnant Balb/c mice were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia during pregnancy, and the thymuses of their offspring were tested. Chronic hypoxia during pregnancy resulted in significantly decreased fetal body weight, with an increased thymus-to-body weight ratio. Histological analysis revealed a smaller cortical zone in the thymus of the offspring exposed to hypoxia. A reduction in the cortical T lymphocyte population corresponded to increased mRNA abundance of caspase 3 (Casp3) and decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 (Mki67). Differences in T lymphocyte sub-populations in the thymus further indicate that thymus development in offspring was retarded or stagnated by prenatal hypoxia. The abundance of IL2 and its receptor was reduced in the thymus following prenatal hypoxia. This was accompanied by an increase in thymus HIF1A and IKKß and a decrease in phosphorylated NFKB, MAP2K1, and MAPK1/3 compared to control pregnancies. Together, these results implicate deficiencies in IL2-mediated signaling as one source of prenatal-hypoxia-impaired thymus development.

Disrupting the circadian photo-period alters the release of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estradiol in maternal and fetal sheep.

Although a large number of studies show that photo-period disruption potentially affects hormone secretion in mammals, information about the effects of circadian photo-period disruption during pregnancy on fetal blood reproductive hormone levels is scarce. This study used ewes and their fetuses to determine the effects of circadian photo-period disruption (deprivation of darkness) on follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in maternal and fetal circulation at late gestation. Pregnant ewes (gestational age: 135 ± 3 days) were randomly placed into control and dark deprivation groups. The control (N = 5) and dark deprivation (N = 5) groups were exposed to a fixed 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and a 24 h constant light cycle, respectively, for 2 days. Dark deprivation up-regulated follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels and down-regulated progesterone levels in both maternal and fetal circulation, and up-regulated luteinizing hormone levels in fetal but not maternal circulation. These results provide new information about how circadian photo-period disruption during pregnancy could alter the release of certain reproductive hormones into fetal blood, which may influence the development of fetal organs in utero, as well as long-term health.

Research on the Relationships between Endogenous Biomarkers and Exogenous Toxic Substances of Acute Toxicity in Radix Aconiti.

Radix Aconiti, a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used throughout China for disease treatment due to its various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and analgesic effects. However, improper use of Radix Aconiti often generated severe acute toxicity. Currently, research on the toxic substances of Radix Aconiti is not rare. In our previous study, acute toxic biomarkers of Radix Aconiti have been found. However, few studies were available to find the relationships between these endogenous biomarkers and exogenous toxic substances. Therefore, in this study, toxic substances of Radix Aconiti have been found using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Then, we used biochemical indicators as a bridge to find the relationships between biomarkers and toxic substances of Radix Aconiti through Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Finally, the CCA results showed that LysoPC(22:5) is related to 14-acetyl-talatisamine, mesaconitine, talatisamine and deoxyaconitine in varying degrees; l-acetylcarnitine is negatively correlated with deoxyaconitine and demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline; shikimic acid has a good correlation with karacoline, demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline and deoxyaconitine; and valine is correlated with talatisamine and deoxyaconitine. Research on these relationships provides an innovative way to interpret the toxic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays a positive role in the overall study of TCM toxicity.

Exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and altered learning and memory in the rat offspring.

INTRODUCTION: Prenatal exposure to nicotine can cause many fetal developmental problems. This study determined the influence of nicotine during pregnancy on the development of cognitive behavior in the offspring. METHODS: Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats through implanted osmotic mini-pumps at 6mg/kg/day and flow rate of 60 µl/day for whole pregnancy from gestational day 4. Fetal and offspring body and brain weight was measured. Learning and memory were tested in adult offspring with Morris water maze; Learning and memory-related receptors were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that exposure to prenatal nicotine (PN) not only caused fetal growth restriction, but also had long-term effects on learning and memory in the offspring. The PN offspring exhibited longer escape latency regardless of sex. The number of passing the platform was significantly less in the PN offspring than that of the control. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in the hippocampus was significantly increased, whereas alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) protein was decreased with unchanged α7 nAChR mRNA in the PN offspring. CONCLUSION: The data provided novel information on the PN-affected development in learning and memory in the offspring, suggesting that α7 nAChR and NMDAR1 in the hippocampus might be the targets for actions of PN in association with memory impairment.

BmAly is an important factor in meiotic progression and spermatid differentiation in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

The Drosophila melanogaster "always early" gene (Dmaly), which is required for G2/M cell-cycle control and spermatid differentiation, is one of the meiotic arrest genes. To study the Bombyx mori aly gene (Bmaly), the cDNA of Bmaly was cloned and sequenced, and the results showed that the open reading frame of Bmaly is 1,713 bp in length, encoding 570 amino acid residues, in which a domain in an Rb-related pathway was found. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of conserved regions showed that Aly from different insects gathered together, except for DmAly and Culex quinquefasciatus Aly, which were not clustered to a subgroup according to insect order. The Bmaly gene was inserted into expression vector pGS-21a(+) and then the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to immunize mice to prepare the antibody against BmAly. Immunofluorescence examination showed that BmAly was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of BmN cell. The Bmaly gene expression could not be detected in the silk gland, malpighian tubule, fat body, or midgut of the silkworm. Expression levels of the Bmaly gene were detected in the gonadal tissues, where the levels in the testes were 10 times higher than that in the ovaries. Moreover, Bmaly expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different stages of B. mori testis development, at which fifth instar was relatively grossly expressed. The result suggested Bmaly was abundantly expressed in primary spermatocytes and prespermatids. To further explore the function of Bmaly, Bmaly siRNA was injected into third and fourth instar silkworm larvae, which markedly inhibited the development of sperm cells. These results together suggest that Bmaly is a meiotic arrest gene that plays an important role in spermatogenesis.

Current understanding of circular RNAs in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multiple organ and system disease that seriously threatens the safety of the mother and infant during pregnancy, and has a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of the mother and new babies. Presently, there are no remedies for cure of PE as to the mechanisms of PE are still unclear, and the only way to eliminate the symptoms is to deliver the placenta. Thus, new therapeutic targets for PE are urgently needed. Approximately 95% of human transcripts are thought to be non-coding RNAs, and the roles of them are to be increasingly recognized of great importance in various biological processes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, with no 5' caps and 3' polyadenylated tails, commonly produced by back-splicing of exons. The structure of circRNAs makes them more stable than their counterparts. Increasing evidence shows that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of PE, but the biogenesis, functions, and mechanisms of circRNAs in PE are poorly understood. In the present review, we mainly summarize the biogenesis, functions, and possible mechanisms of circRNAs in the development and progression of PE, as well as opportunities and challenges in the treatment and prevention of PE.

Quantifying fetal heart health in gestational diabetes: a new approach with fetal heart quantification technology.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal heart structure and function using a technique called fetal heart quantification (Fetal HQ), with a focus on mitochondrial dynamics, which employs advanced imaging technology for comprehensive analysis. Methods: A total of 180 fetuses with normal heart structures, aged 24-40 weeks of gestation, were examined. A 2-3 s cine loop in the standard four-chamber oblique view was captured and analyzed using the speckle-tracking technique with Fetal HQ. Various echocardiographic parameters were evaluated, including four-chamber view (4CV), global spherical index (GSI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), 24-segment spherical index (SI), ventricular fractional area change (FAC), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV). These parameters were compared between the GDM group and the control group during two gestational periods: 24+0 to 28+0 weeks and 28+1 to 40+1 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to identify significant differences. Results: Twenty fetuses from mothers with GDM and 40 from the control group were recruited at 24+0 to 28+0 weeks. At 28+1 to 40+1 weeks, 40 fetuses from mothers with GDM and 80 from the control group were recruited. The fetal left ventricular global longitudinal function was similar between the GDM and control groups. However, compared to the controls, right ventricular function in the GDM group was lower only at 28+1 to 40+1 weeks. In the GDM group, the global spherical index (GSI) was lower than in the control group at 28+1 to 40+1 weeks (1.175 vs. 1.22; p = 0.001). There were significant decreases in ventricular FAC (38.74% vs. 42.83%; p < 0.0001) and 4CV GLS for the right ventricle (-22.27% vs. -26.31%; p = 0.005) at 28+1 to 40+1 weeks. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that GDM is associated with decreased right ventricular function in the fetal heart, particularly during the later stages of pregnancy (28+1 to 40+1 weeks), compared to fetuses from healthy pregnancies. The Fetal HQ technique represents a valuable tool for evaluating the structure and function of fetal hearts affected by GDM during the advanced stages of pregnancy.

SLC25A19 is a novel prognostic biomarker related to immune invasion and ferroptosis in HCC.

SLC25A19 is a mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) carrier that mediates TPP entry into the mitochondria. SLC25A19 has been recognized to play a crucial role in many metabolic diseases, but its role in cancer has not been clearly reported. Based on clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the following parameters were analyzed among HCC patients: SLC25A19 expression, enrichment analyses, immune infiltration, ferroptosis and prognosis analyses. In vitro, the SLC25A19 high expression was validated by qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, a series of cell function experiments, including CCK8, EdU, clone formation, trans-well and scratch assays, were conducted to illustrate the effect of SLC25A19 on the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. Meanwhile, indicators related to ferroptosis were also detected. SCL25A19 is highly expressed in HCC and predicts a poor prognosis. Elevated SLC25A19 expression in HCC patients was markedly associated with T stage, pathological status (PS), tumor status (TS), histologic grade (HG), and AFP. Our results indicate that SLC25A19 has a generally good prognosis predictive and diagnostic ability. The results of gene enrichment analyses showed that SLC25A19 is significantly correlated with immune infiltration, fatty acid metabolism, and ferroptosis marker genes. In vitro experiments have confirmed that silencing SLC25A19 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration ability of cancer cells and induce ferroptosis in HCC. In conclusion, these findings indicate that SLC25A19 is novel prognostic biomarker related to immune invasion and ferroptosis in HCC, and it is an excellent candidate for therapeutic target against HCC.

miR-377-3p Regulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via the Zfp462-Pbx1 Pathway and Mediates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Prenatal Hypoxic Offspring.

Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is one of the most common complications of obstetrics and is closely associated with many neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Our previous study found that Zfp462 heterozygous (Het) mice exhibit significant anxiety-like behavior. Interestingly, offspring mice with PH also have anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, accompanied by reduced expression of Zfp462 and increased expression of miR-377-3p; however, the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, western blotting, gene knockdown, immunofluorescence, dual-luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, cell transfection with miR-377-3p mimics or inhibitors, quantitative real-time PCR, and rescue assay were used to detect changes in the miR-377-3p-Zfp462-Pbx1 (pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox1) pathway in the brains of prenatal hypoxic offspring to explain the pathogenesis of anxiety-like behaviors. We found that Zfp462 deficiency promoted Pbx1 protein degradation through ubiquitination and that Zfp462 Het mice showed downregulation of the protein kinase B (PKB, also called Akt)-glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis with anxiety-like behavior. In addition, PH mice exhibited upregulation of miR-377-3p, downregulation of Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3ß-CREB pathway activity, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and an anxiety-like phenotype. Intriguingly, miR-377-3p directly targets the 3'UTR of Zfp462 mRNA to regulate Zfp462 expression. Importantly, microinjection of miR-377-3p antagomir into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of PH mice upregulated Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3ß-CREB pathway activity, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved anxiety-like behaviors. Collectively, our findings demonstrated a crucial role for miR-377-3p in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and anxiety-like behaviors via the Zfp462/Pbx1-Akt-GSK3ß-CREB pathway. Therefore, miR-377-3p could be a potential therapeutic target for anxiety-like behavior in prenatal hypoxic offspring.

Integration analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression exploring their potential roles in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second common primary hepatic malignancy tumor. In this study, an integrative analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs from the ICC onset and adjacent normal tissues were performed to explore the regulatory roles of miRNA-mRNA interaction. A total of 1018 DEGs and 39 miRNAs were likely involved in ICC pathogenesis, suggesting the changes in cell metabolism in ICC development. The built network indicated that 30 DEGs were regulated by 16 differentially expressed miRNA. The screened DEGs and miRNA together were probably considered the biomarkers of ICC, and their important roles in ICC pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. This study could provide a good basis to uncover the regulatory mechanism of miRNA and mRNAs in ICC pathogenesis.