A Versatile Strategy for Concurrent Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Sustainable Energy Harvesting.

Developing versatile systems that can concurrently achieve energy saving and energy generation is critical to accelerate carbon neutrality. However, challenges on designing highly effective, large scale, and multifunctional photonic film hinder the concurrent combination of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and utilization of sustainable clean energies. Herein, a versatile scalable photonic film (Ecoflex@h-BN) with washable property and excellent mechanical stability is developed by combining the excellent scattering efficiency of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplates with the high infrared emissivity and ideal triboelectric negative property of the Ecoflex matrix. Strikingly, sufficiently high solar reflectance (0.92) and ideal emissivity (0.97) endow the Ecoflex@h-BN film with subambient cooling effect of ≈9.5 °C at midday during the continuous outdoor measurements. In addition, the PDRC Ecoflex@h-BN film-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PDRC-TENG) exhibits a maximum peak power density of 0.5 W m-2 . By reasonable structure design, the PDRC-TENG accomplishes effective wind energy harvesting and can successfully drive the electronic device. Meanwhile, an on-skin PDRC-TENG is fabricated to harvest human motion energy and monitor moving states. This research provides a novel design of a multifunctional PDRC photonic film, and offers a versatile strategy to realize concurrent PDRC and sustainable energies harvesting.

A Novel Multifunctional Photonic Film for Colored Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Energy Harvesting.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials with sustainable energy harvesting capability is critical to concurrently reduce traditional cooling energy utilized for thermal comfort and transfer natural clean energies into electricity. Herein, a versatile photonic film (Ecoflex@BTO@UAFL) based on a novel fluorescent luminescence color passive radiative cooling with triboelectric and piezoelectric effect is developed by filling the dielectric BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles and ultraviolet absorption fluorescent luminescence (UAFL) powder into the elastic Ecoflex matrix. Test results demonstrate that the Ecoflex@BTO@UAFL photonic film exhibits a maximum passive radiative cooling effect of ∽10.1 °C in the daytime. Meanwhile, its average temperature drop in the daytime is ~4.48 °C, which is 0.91 °C higher than that of the Ecoflex@BTO photonic film (3.56 °C) due to the addition of UAFL material. Owing to the high dielectric constant and piezoelectric effect of BTO nanoparticles, the maximum power density (0.53 W m-2, 1 Hz @ 10 N) of the Ecoflex@BTO photonic film-based hybrid nanogenerator is promoted by 70.9% compared to the Ecoflex film-based TENG. This work provides an ingenious strategy for combining PDRC effects with triboelectric and piezoelectric properties, which can spontaneously achieve thermal comfort and energy conservation, offering a new insight into multifunctional energy saving.

The current status of Group B Streptococcus infection in the reproductive tract of late-pregnancy women and its impact on pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in late-pregnancy pregnant women in Shanghai, the risk factors of GBS infection, and its impact on pregnancy outcomes, providing guidance for early prevention and treatment in clinical practice. METHODS: We selected 12,132 late-pregnancy pregnant women admitted from January 2022 to December 2022 as the research subjects. Based on the GBS test results of reproductive tract secretion samples from pregnant women, 210 cases of GBS positive pregnant women were randomly selected as the observation group, and 200 cases of GBS negative pregnant women were selected as the control group. The risk factors of infection and the impact on pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The GBS colonization rate of pregnant women in this study was 6.52%; the incidence of Vaginal delivery and Neonatal infection in GBS positive group was significantly higher than that in GBS negative group (P < 0.05); with Neonatal infection as the dependent variable, and the GBS infection, Vaginal delivery and GDM of the elderly and women in late pregnancy as independent variables, the results showed that GBS infection of women in late pregnancy was an independent risk factor for Neonatal infection. CONCLUSION: Clinical practice should attach great importance to GBS infection in late pregnancy, strengthen GBS screening in late pregnancy, and actively implement the strategy of intrapartum antibiotic intervention (IAP), which is of great significance in reducing the vertical infection rate of maternal and infant GBS and improving the quality of newborn birth.

Analysis of Factors Related to Neonatal Infection and Monitoring of Bacterial Drug Resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To study the factors related to neonatal infection, as well as bacterial distribution and drug resistance in neonatal infections, in an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai. METHODS: The bacterial culture and drug resistance monitoring results from neonates treated at the hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed and compared with the data for children and newborns from the national bacterial resistance surveillance report. RESULTS: Among the 209 bacterial strains isolated from infected neonates, 90 were gram-positive, including the four most common isolates: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The remaining 119 strains were gram-negative and included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The drug sensitivity results showed that the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, rifampicin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin. All Klebsiella pneumoniaisolates were sensitive to amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, and gentamicin. These two strains were resistant to other antibiotics to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the distribution and drug resistance of bacterial pathogens is vital for guiding the rational selection of antibiotics and reducing neonatal mortality and nosocomial infections.

Topology-optimized catenary-like metasurface for wide-angle and high-efficiency deflection: from a discrete to continuous geometric phase.

We investigate the topology optimization of geometric phase metasurfaces for wide-angle and high-efficiency deflection, where adjoint-based multi-object optimization approach is adopted to improve the absolute efficiency while maintaining the polarization conversion characteristic of geometric phase metasurfaces. We show that, for the initially discrete geometric phase metasurfaces with different materials and working wavelengths, the topology shapes gradually evolve from discrete structures to quasi-continuous arrangements with the increment of optimization iteration operations. More importantly, the finally optimized metasurfaces manifest as catenary-like structure, providing significant improvements of absolute efficiency. Furthermore, for the initial structure with catenary distribution, the corresponding optimized metasurface also has a catenary-like topology shape. Our results on the topology-optimized geometric phase metasurfaces reveal that, from the perspective of numerical optimization, the continuous catenary metasurfaces is superior to the discrete geometric phase metasurfaces.

Bolometric Effect in Bi2 O2 Se Photodetectors.

Bi2 O2 Se is emerging as a photosensitive functional material for optoelectronics, and its photodetection mechanism is mostly considered to be a photoconductive regime in previous reports. Here, the bolometric effect is discovered in Bi2 O2 Se photodetectors. The coexistence of photoconductive effect and bolometric effect is generally observed in multiwavelength photoresponse measurements and then confirmed with microscale local heating experiments. The unique photoresponse of Bi2 O2 Se photodetectors may arise from a change of hot electrons during temperature rises instead of photoexcited holes and electrons. Direct proof of the bolometric effect is achieved by real-time temperature tracking of Bi2 O2 Se photodetectors under time evolution after light excitation. Moreover, the Bi2 O2 Se bolometer shows a high temperature coefficient of resistance (-1.6% K-1 ), high bolometric coefficient (-31 nA K-1 ), and high bolometric responsivity (>320 A W-1 ). These findings offer a new approach to develop bolometric photodetectors based on Bi2 O2 Se layered materials.

In-plane anisotropy in twisted bilayer graphene probed by Raman spectroscopy.

Monolayer graphene has high symmetrical crystal structure and exhibits in-plane isotropic physical properties. However, twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) is expected to differ physically, due to the broken symmetry introduced by the interlayer coupling between adjacent graphene layers. This symmetry breaking is usually accompanied by in-plane anisotropy in their electrical, optical and thermal properties. However, the existence of in-plane anisotropy in tBLG has remained evasive until now. Here, an unambiguous identification of the in-plane anisotropy in tBLG is established by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the double-resonant two-dimensional band is anisotropic. The degree of in-plane anisotropy is found to be dependent on the misorientation angles, which is two- and four-fold for tBLG with misorientation angles of 15° and 20°, respectively. This finding adds a new dimension to the properties of graphene, which opens a possibility to the development of graphene-based angle-resolved photonics and electronics.

Mie resonance induced broadband near-perfect absorption in nonstructured graphene loaded with periodical dielectric wires.

In general, there is a fundamental trade-off between the operational bandwidth and the attainable absorption. So, obtaining broadband wave absorption of a low reference standard such as 90% is not very difficult. However, when trying to obtain higher absorption such as 99%, the bandwidth will drop dramatically. Here, we demonstrate that broadband near-perfect absorption of over 99% absorption with a 60% relative bandwidth can be obtained utilizing single-layered and nonstructured graphene loaded with periodical dielectric wires. The absorption mechanism originates from the coupling of Mie resonances in dielectric wires excited by the incident wave to the graphene plasmon resonances, which introduces two absorption contributions: direct near-field absorption in the graphene and radiative emission into the graphene.

Superconductivity in Potassium-Doped Metallic Polymorphs of MoS2.

Superconducting layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) stand out among other superconductors due to the tunable nature of the superconducting transition, coexistence with other collective electronic excitations (charge density waves), and strong intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the most studied representative of this family of materials, especially since the recent demonstration of the possibility to tune its critical temperature, Tc, by electric-field doping. However, just one of its polymorphs, band-insulator 2H-MoS2, has so far been explored for its potential to host superconductivity. We have investigated the possibility to induce superconductivity in metallic polytypes, 1T- and 1T'-MoS2, by potassium (K) intercalation. We demonstrate that at doping levels significantly higher than that required to induce superconductivity in 2H-MoS2, both 1T and 1T' phases become superconducting with Tc = 2.8 and 4.6 K, respectively. Unusually, K intercalation in this case is responsible both for the structural and superconducting phase transitions. By adding new members to the family of superconducting TMDs, our findings open the way to further manipulate and enhance the electronic properties of these technologically important materials.

Relevance and antimicrobial resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Newborns are particularly susceptible to infection in hospitals, with neonatal sepsis being the most common infection symptom and the third leading cause of neonatal death. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae, which is a common pathogen of neonatal septicemia. In this study, we will analyze and evaluate the current status, clinical characteristics, and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniaesepsis infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with the aim of providing effective basis for timely and accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. METHODS: Statistical analysis was performed on 75 cases of Enterobacteriaceae septicemia in infants admitted to NICU in a special obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai from January 2020 to June 2022. Based on bacterial identification, isolates were divided into the Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) group (n = 49) and the non-KP Enterobacteriaceae group (n = 26). The infection, clinical characteristics, and bacterial resistance of the two groups of infected patients were compared. RESULTS: Comparing the clinical characteristics of the two groups, the results showed that most of the subjects in the KP and non-KP groups were premature infants, accounting for 100% and 92.3% of subjects, respectively; late onset was the main disease in both groups, accounting for 93.9% and 80.8% of subjects, respectively. All patients received Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter(PICC). The levels of pro calcitonin and CRP (C-reactive protein) were significantly higher in the KP group compared with those in the non-KP group (p < .05). At the same time, the incidence of thrombocytopenia in the KP group was significantly higher than that in the non-KP group (p < .05). The proportion of antimicrobial drug exposure in the KP group is higher than that in the non-KP group. The drug resistance of the KP group to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole was significantly higher than that of the non-KP group, whereas the drug resistance rate to cefotetan, gentamycin and to bramycin was significantly lower than that of the non-KP group, Statistically significant differences (p < .05). 38 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBLs were tested for related resistance genes. The results showed that the main resistance types were SHV and TEM, with detection rates of 60.6% and 28.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that neonatal sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection has a high incidence and drug resistance in premature and low birth weight infants, and has become a serious public health problem; Clinicians should pay attention to differential diagnosis, Reasonable selection of antibiotics to reduce the generation of drug-resistant bacteria.

Trends and multi-model prediction of hepatitis B incidence in Xiamen.

Background: This study aims to analyze the trend of Hepatitis B incidence in Xiamen City from 2004 to 2022, and to select the best-performing model for predicting the number of Hepatitis B cases from 2023 to 2027. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The Joinpoint Regression Model analyzed temporal trends, while the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model assessed the effects of age, period, and cohort on hepatitis B incidence rates. We also compared the predictive performance of the Neural Network Autoregressive (NNAR) Model, Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) Model, Prophet, Exponential Smoothing (ETS) Model, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) Model, and Hybrid Model, selecting the model with the highest performance to forecast the number of hepatitis B cases for the next five years. Results: Hepatitis B incidence rates in Xiamen from 2004 to 2022 showed an overall declining trend, with rates higher in men than in women. Higher incidence rates were observed in adults, particularly in the 30-39 age group. Moreover, the period and cohort effects on incidence showed a declining trend. Furthermore, in the best-performing NNAR(10, 1, 6)[12] model, the number of new cases is predicted to be 4271 in 2023, increasing to 5314 by 2027. Conclusions: Hepatitis B remains a significant issue in Xiamen, necessitating further optimization of hepatitis B prevention and control measures. Moreover, targeted interventions are essential for adults with higher incidence rates.

Fatty liver index as an independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality.

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the prognostic value of the fatty liver index (FLI), a noninvasive tool for hepatic steatosis assessment, in predicting all-cause and disease-specific mortality. METHODS: We linked data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) with Public-Use Mortality Files, forming a cohort of 11 297 participants with a median follow-up period of 26.25 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between FLI and all-cause mortality, while Fine and Gray's models assessed the relationship between FLI and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS: The FLI ≥ 60 was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.24, P < 0.001), as well as mortality from malignant neoplasms (hazard ratio = 1.18, P = 0.048), diabetes (hazard ratio = 2.62, P = 0.001), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (hazard ratio = 1.18, P = 0.018), compared to FLI < 30. No significant associations were found with Alzheimer's disease, influenza and pneumonia, chronic lower respiratory diseases, or renal disorders. Subgroup analyses indicated that individuals who were females aged 40-60 (hazard ratio = 1.67, P = 0.003), non-overweight (hazard ratio = 1.75, P = 0.007), or without abdominal obesity (hazard ratio = 1.75, P = 0.007) exhibited a stronger association between FLI ≥ 60 and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: These findings support the prognostic value of the FLI for predicting mortality from all causes, malignant neoplasms, diabetes, and CVDs. Targeted attention is needed in postmenopausal women, non-overweight, and non-abdominally obese populations.

Photocurrent imaging of CdS/Al interfaces based on microscopic analysis.

We investigate the lateral variations of photocurrent on CdS/Al interfaces, with a combination of a semiconductor characterization system and scanning near-field optical microscopy, in which the near-field probe is used to locally induce photocurrent on the CdS/Al interfaces with high spatial resolution. By analyzing the spatially resolved photoresponse, we find that the resolution is worsened in the photocurrent images by the lateral diffusion of the photoexcited electrons and that the photoelectric properties of the CdS/Al interfaces are strongly affected by the bias voltage. Furthermore, in a complementary experiment, we also demonstrate that the photocurrent measurements can reveal structures that are not present in the case of shear-force data. The analysis demonstrates the band structure and microscopic mechanism of CdS/Al heterostructures, which provide an effective approach for developing CdS-based photoelectronic devices.

High Performance Graphene-C60 -Bismuth Telluride-C60 -Graphene Nanometer Thin Film Phototransistor with Adjustable Positive and Negative Responses.

Graphene is a promising candidate for the next-generation infrared array image sensors at room temperature due to its high mobility, tunable energy band, wide band absorption, and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. However, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain ultrafast response time and ultrahigh responsivity, which limits the further improvement of graphene photoconductive devices. Here, a novel graphene/C60 /bismuth telluride/C60 /graphene vertical heterojunction phototransistor is proposed. The response spectral range covers 400-1800 nm; the responsivity peak is 106 A W-1 ; and the peak detection rate and peak response speed reach 1014 Jones and 250 µs, respectively. In addition, the regulation of positive and negative photocurrents at a gate voltage is characterized and the ionization process in impurities of the designed phototransistor at a low temperature is analyzed. Tunable bidirectional response provides a new degree of freedom for phototransistors' signal resolution. The analysis of the dynamic change process of impurity energy level is conducted to improve the device's performance. From the perspective of manufacturing process, the ultrathin phototransistor (20-30 nm) is compatible with functional metasurface to realize wavelength or polarization selection, making it possible to achieve large-scale production of integrated spectrometer or polarization imaging sensor by nanoimprinting process.

In-Situ Chemical Thinning and Surface Doping of Layered Bi2Se3.

As a promising topological insulator, two-dimensional (2D) bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) attracts extensive research interest. Controllable surface doping of layered Bi2Se3 becomes a crucial issue for the relevant applications. Here, we propose an efficient method for the chemical thinning and surface doping of layered Bi2Se3, forming Se/Bi2Se3 heterostructures with tunable thickness ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The thickness can be regulated by varying the reaction time and large-size few-layer Bi2Se3 sheets can be obtained. Different from previous liquid-exfoliation methods that require complex reaction process, in-situ and thickness-controllable exfoliation of large-size layered Bi2Se3 can be realized via the developed method. Additionally, the formation of Se nanomeshes coated on the Bi2Se3 sheets remarkably enhance the intensity of Raman vibration peaks, indicating that this method can be used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The proposed chemical thinning and surface-doping method is expected to be extended to other bulk-layered materials for high-efficient preparation of 2D heterostructures.

Breaking the Cut-Off Wavelength Limit of GaTe through Self-Driven Oxygen Intercalation in Air.

Low symmetric two dimensional (2D) semiconductors are of great significance for their potential applications in polarization-sensitive photodetection and quantum information devices. However, their real applications are limited by their photo-detecting wavelength ranges, which are restricted by their fundamental optical bandgaps. Recently, intercalation has been demonstrated to be a powerful strategy to modulate the optical bandgaps of 2D semiconductors. Here, the authors report the self-driven oxygen (O2 ) intercalation induced bandgap reduction from 1.75 to 1.19 eV in gallium telluride (GaTe) in air. This bandgap shrinkage provides the long-wavelength detection threshold above ≈1100 nm for O2 intercalated GaTe (referred to as GaTeO2 ), well beyond the cut-off wavelength at ≈708 nm for pristine GaTe. The GaTeO2 photodetectors have a high photoresponsivity, and highly anisotropic photodetection behavior to even sub-waveband radiation. The dichroic ratio (Imax /Imin ) of photocurrent is about 1.39 and 2.9 for 600 nm and 1100 nm, respectively. This findings demonstrates a broadband photodetector utilizing GaTe after breaking through its bandgap limitation by self-driven O2 intercalation in air and further reveal its photoconductivity anisotropic nature. This provides design strategies of 2D materials-based high-performance broadband photodetectors for the exploration of polarized state information.

Emerging Long-Range Order from a Freeform Disordered Metasurface.

Recently, disordered metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in imaging, holography, and wavefront shaping. However, how to emerge long-range ordered phase distribution in disordered metasurfaces remains an outstanding problem. Here, a general framework is proposed to generate a spatially homogeneous in-plane phase distribution from a disordered metasurface, by engineering disorder parameters together with topology optimization. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, an all-dielectric disordered supercell metasurface with relatively homogeneous in-plane phase fluctuation is designed by disorder parameter engineering, manifesting as polarization conversion-dependent random scattering or unidirectional transmission. Then, a topology optimization approach is utilized to overcome the lattice coupling effect and to further improve the homogeneity of complex electric field fluctuation. In comparison with the initial supercell metasurface, both the phase fluctuation range and the relative efficiency of the topology-optimized freeform metasurface are significantly improved, leading to a long-range ordered electric field distribution. Moreover, three experimental realizations are performed, all of which agree well with the theoretical results. This methodology may inspire more exotic optical phenomena and find more promising applications in disordered metasurfaces and disordered optics.

Conformal Self-Assembly of Nanospheres for Light-Enhanced Airtightness Monitoring and Room-Temperature Gas Sensing.

The fabrication of conformal nanostructures on microarchitectures is of great significance for diverse applications. Here a facile and universal method was developed for conformal self-assembly of nanospheres on various substrates including convex bumps and concave holes. Hydrophobic microarchitectures could be transferred into superhydrophilic ones using plasma treatment due to the formation of numerous hydroxyl groups. Because of superhydrophilicity, the nanosphere suspension spread on the microarchitectures quickly and conformal self-assembly of nanospheres can be realized. Besides, the feature size of the conformal nanospheres on the substrates could be further regulated by plasma treatment. After transferring two-dimensional tungsten disulfide sheets onto the conformal nanospheres, the periodic nanosphere array was demonstrated to be able to enhance the light harvesting of WS2. Based on this, a light-enhanced room-temperature gas sensor with a fast recovery speed (<35 s) and low detecting limit (500 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the WS2-covered nanospheres on the microarchitectures were very sensitive to the changes in air pressure due to the formation of suspended sheets on the convex bumps and concave holes. A sensitive photoelectronic pressure sensor that was capable of detecting the airtightness of vacuum devices was developed using the WS2-decorated hierarchical architectures. This work provides a simple method for the fabrication of conformal nanospheres on arbitrary substrates, which is promising for three-dimensional microfabrication of multifunctional hierarchical microarchitectures for diverse applications, such as biomimetic compound eyes, smart wetting surfaces and photonic crystals.

Salvia miltiorrhiza improves type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes refers to any group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar and generally thought to be caused by insufficient production of insulin, impaired response to insulin. Globally, patients with type 2 diabetes account for more than 85% of the total diabetic patients, and due to factors, such as obesity, aging, environment and lifestyle, the incidence of diabetes is rising. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a medicine used to treat diabetes in China. In recent years, it has been reported that SM has the effect of improving type 2 diabetes. However, there is no systematic review of its efficacy and safety yet. Therefore, we propose a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SM for T2D. METHODS: Six databases will be searched: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biological Medicine (CBM), China Scientific Journals Database (CSJD), Wanfang database, PubMed, and EMBASE. The information is searched from January 2010 to July 2020. Languages are limited to English and Chinese. The primary outcomes include 2 hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting plasma insulin. The secondary outcomes include clinical efficacy and adverse events. RESULTS: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence as to whether Salvia miltiorrhiza is effective and safe for type 2 diabetes. ETHICS: Ethical approval is not necessary as this protocol is only for systematic review and does not involve in privacy data or an animal experiment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: INPLASY2020110046.

The efficacy of Qigong exercises for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world that represents an important public health challenge nowadays. Lifestyle changes and exercise can reduce the development of fatty liver. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of Qigong for NAFLD. METHODS: A detailed search for articles up to September 2020 will be performed to identify randomized controlled trials for Qigong in NAFLD. The following database will be used: PUBMED, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Sino Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database, and Wanfang Databas. Grey literature will be explored and the selection of studies, data extraction and validation will be performed independently by 2 reviewers using predefined selection criteria and quality indicators. Stata V.13.0 and Review manager 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. We will use the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS: This research will provide a quantitative and standardized assessment of the treatment efficacy of Qigong for NAFLD. CONCLUSION: This systematic review will generate the latest evidence for determining whether Qigong has a positive treatment effect for NAFLD. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202090034.