Enhanced electrochemical performance of NiMn layered double hydroxides/graphene oxide composites synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method for supercapacitors.

This study aims to enhance the performance of supercapacitors, focusing particularly on optimizing electrode materials. While pure NiMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, they have limitations in achieving high specific capacitance. Therefore, this paper successfully synthesized composite materials of NiMn LDHs with varying loadings of graphene oxide (GO) using a hydrothermal method. Systematic physicochemical characterization of the synthesized materials, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy, revealed the influence of GO doping on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of NiMn LDHs. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the NiMn LDHs/GO electrode material exhibited optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 2096 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density and 1471 F g-1 at 10 A g-1, when GO doping level was 0.45 wt%. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles of stability testing, the material retained 53.3% capacitance at 5 A g-1, indicating good cyclic stability. This study not only provides new directions for research on supercapacitor electrode materials but also offers new strategies for developing low-cost and efficient electrode materials.

Body mass index and pressure injuries risk in hospitalized adult patients: A dose-response analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between underweight and pressure injuries (PIs) has been established in several studies. However, there is a lack of well-designed research investigating the connection between overweight and obesity with these injuries. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to investigate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of PIs in adult hospitalized patients. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE Databases were searched from inception to May 2024. Observational articles with at least three BMI categories were included in the study. BMI was defined as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and morbid obesity for the meta-analysis. The non-linear relationship between BMI and the risk of PIs in hospitalized adults was investigated using restricted cubic spline models. Fractional polynomial modeling was used. RESULTS: Eleven articles reporting at least 3 categories of BMI met the inclusion criteria, including 31,389 participants. Compared to patients with normal weight, those with underweight, obesity, and morbid obesity exhibited an increased risk of PIs, with odds ratios of 1.70 (95%CI:1.50-1.91), 1.12 (95%CI:1.02-1.24), 1.70 (95%CI:1.13-2.55), respectively. A J-shaped dose-response model was established for the relationship between PI risk and BMI (Pnon-linearity < 0.001, Plinearity = 0.745). CONCLUSION: The J-shaped dose-response pattern revealed that underweight, obesity and morbid obesity heightened the risk of PIs in hospitalized adults. Lower and higher BMI values may signify an increased risk for PIs, particularly among the elderly with lower BMI, providing valuable guidance for medical staff.

Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta-analyses to examine gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies written in English. In this review, suicide among people living with HIV includes suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Studies reporting the suicide prevalence among males and females living with HIV were eligible for inclusion in our review. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as the effect size index. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analyses were chosen based on the size of the heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies comprising 801 017 participants from 11 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.0% (95% CI 13.3%-22.8%) in males and 20.8% (95% CI 16.4%-25.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicidal ideation in females living with HIV (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.56; p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.8% (95% CI 9.0%-24.5%) in males and 24.7% (95% CI 12.4%-37.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicide attempts in females living with HIV (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.75; p < 0.05). The pooled prevalence of suicide death was 1.2% (95% CI 0.5%-1.9%) among males and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.3%) among females, and the risk of suicide death between genders was not statistically significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50-1.24; p = 0.298). CONCLUSIONS: There were gender differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among people living with HIV. Females living with HIV were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, but there were no statistically significant gender differences in suicide death. Appropriate initiatives to optimize the recognition, treatment, and management suicide behaviours of males and females living with HIV may narrow this gender gap.

Incidence, prevalence and risk factors of device-related pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit: A meta-analysis of 10,084 patients from 11 countries.

Device-related pressure injuries (DRPIs) prevail in the intensive care unit (ICU) and have much to do with medical devices and patients' conditions. This meta-analysis aims to systematically assess the incidence, prevalence and risk factors related to DRPIs among adults in ICU. Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were searched from inception to March 2023. Observational studies were included, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess literature quality. The primary outcomes were the incidence, prevalence and risk factors regarding DRPIs among adults in ICU. The 19 studies conformed to the criteria for inclusion in the review. The estimated pooled incidence of DRPIs was 14.7% (95% CI: 9.7%-19.6%) in 10 studies (4866 participants). The estimated pooled prevalence of DRPIs was 19.0% (95% CI: 13.6%-24.3%) in 9 studies (5218 participants). The most significant risk factor for DRPIs was using mechanical ventilation. The pooled analysis of the four studies showed that DRPIs were more likely to occur in patients who required mechanical ventilation compared with patients who did not use mechanical ventilation (OR: 9.67, 95% CI: 5.03-18.61, p < 0.001) and using vasopressors, age, length of ICU stays, APACHE II score, Braden score, fever, sex, oedema, diabetes and number of medical devices, SOFA score was also related to pressure injuries risk. The incidence and prevalence of DRPIs in adult ICU were high, and the most significant risk factor for DRPIs was using mechanical ventilation. It is imminent to identify patients of increased risk with DRPIs early.

Development and validation of a Cancer Patient Suicidal Ideation Scale.

Aim: To develop a Cancer Patient Suicidal Ideation Scale (CAPASIS) and test its reliability and validity. Patients & methods: An initial CAPASIS was developed. Clinical assessment was conducted using an adjusted initial scale with 239 cancer patients for item reduction and 253 for scale validation. Results: Item selection analyses resulted in 22 items. The revised model fits were acceptable (normal chi-square [χ2/df] = 1.919; standardized root mean residual  = 0.057; root mean square error of approximation = 0.060; goodness fit index = 0.882; adjusted goodness fit index [AGFI] = 0.844; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.898; comparative fit index  = 0.915; incremental fit index  = 0.917). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.911. Conclusion: The CAPASIS has good validity and reliability, with a six-factor structure of 'entrapment', 'defeat', 'isolation', 'hopelessness', 'burdensomeness' and 'humiliation', which can help identify patients with suicidal ideation.

Global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome and temporal trends for the last 10 years: A meta-analysis of 94 studies covering over 30 countries.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome and time trends for the last 10 years. BACKGROUND: The prevalence of burnout syndrome varied greatly in different regions in the last 10 years, so the average prevalence and time trends of nursing burnout syndrome for the last 10 years were not completely clear. DESIGN: A meta-analysis conducted in the PRISMA guidelines. METHODS: CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for trials on the prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome from 2012 to 2022 systematically. Hoy's quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome was estimated, and subgroup analysis was used to explore what caused heterogeneity. Time trends for the last 10 years were evaluated by meta-regression using Stata 11.0. RESULTS: Ninety-four studies reporting the prevalence of nursing burnout were included. The global prevalence of nursing burnout was 30.0% [95% CI: 26.0%-34.0%]. Subgroup analysis indicated that the specialty (p < .001) and the region (p < .001) and the year (p < .001) were sources of the high heterogeneity. Meta-regression indicated that it tended to increase gradually for the last 10 years (t = 3.71, p = .006). The trends increased in Europe (t = 4.23, p = .006), Africa (t = 3.75, p = .006) and obstetrics (t = 3.66, p = .015). However, no statistical significance was found in ICU (t = -.14, p = .893), oncology (t = -0.44, p = .691) and emergency department (t = -0.30, p = .783). CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of nurses were found to have moderate-high levels of burnout syndrome for the last 10 years. The meta-analysis also indicated an increased trend over time. Therefore, more attention to the prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome is urgently required. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: High prevalence of nursing burnout may attract more attention from the public. This analysis may serve as an impetus for relevant policy to change nurses' working conditions and reduce the occurrence of burnout.

Palliative care for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative synthesis from 36 studies of 16 countries.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 epidemic, palliative care has become even more indispensable for cancer patients. AIM: To identify the changes in palliative care for cancer patients and improvements in palliative care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. An evaluation tool using mixed methods was used to assess the quality of the study. The main relevant themes identified were used to group qualitative and quantitative findings. RESULTS: A total of 36 studies were identified, primarily from different countries, with a total of 14,427 patients, 238 caregivers and 354 health care providers. Cancer palliative care has been experiencing several difficulties following the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased mortality and infection rates as well as delays in patient treatment that have resulted in poorer prognoses. Treatment providers are seeking solutions such as electronic management of patients and integration of resources to care for the mental health of patients and staff. Telemedicine plays an important role in many ways but cannot completely replace traditional treatment. Clinicians strive to meet patients' palliative care needs during special times and improve their quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care faces unique challenges during the COVID-19 epidemic. With adequate support to alleviate care-related challenges, patients in the home versus hospital setting will be able to receive better palliative care. In addition, this review highlights the importance of multiparty collaboration to achieve personal and societal benefits of palliative care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution.

Effect of matrix metalloproteinases on the healing of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to discuss the expression of matrix metalloproteinase in wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers and further summarize the strategies of targeted matrix metalloproteinase and its inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: Following PRISMA-SCR guidelines, databases (PubMed, Home-PMC-NCBI, CINAHL, Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception to 19 June 2022. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the bias risk of the included studies. RESULTS: Eight studies are finally eligible for our systematic review. The combined data analysis of 8 studies showed that there were no significant difference in age(p = 0.110), duration of diabetes(p = 0.197), glycosylated hemoglobin content(p = 0.489), size(p = 0.133) and depth(p＞0.05) of initial ulcer between the ulcer wound healing group and the non-healing group. MMP-1, 2, 8, 9, and TIMP-1, 2 affected the healing of DFUs. In the DFUs healing group, the concentrations of MMP (MMP-1, 2, 8, 9) decreased, and the concentration of TIMP-1 increased. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that high levels of MMP-1, 2, 9 delayed the healing of diabetic foot ulcers, and high expression of MMP-8 in tissues improved wound healing. This study also summarized the effective intervention strategies for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

APACHE scoring system and pressure injury risk for intensive care patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present study was designed to determine the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scale and elevated pressure injure (PI) risk in intensive care units (ICU) and also evaluate the predictive value of APACHE score in PI patients. Comprehensive strategies were used to search studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Embase electronic databases for observational studies that provided data about APACHE scores related to PI in ICU. Eligible studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled SMD with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A summary ROC curve was plotted to calculate area under curve (AUC) for APACHE-II (15-20). Twenty-one studies involving 11,102 patients who met selection criteria were included. The 11.0% of patients (1229/11102) in ICU developed PIs. Overall, the PI group had a higher score compared with the non-PI group in the APACHE II (22.1 ± 8.0 vs. 14.5 ± 7.4, mean ± SD). The APACHE-III of PI patients was significantly more than that in the non-PI group (79.9 ± 25.6 vs. 59.9 ± 30.4, mean ± SD). The pooled SMD was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.58-1.06, I2  = 91.7%, p-value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of PIs did not vary with the type of APACHE score (II, III, IV) and the type of study design (case-control, cross-sectional, cohort, longitudinal study). Proportion of males (I2  = 91.68%, p value = 0.090), publish year (I2  = 91.96%, p value = 0.187) and mean age of patients (I2  = 91.96%, p value = 0.937) were not the sources of heterogeneity. APACHE-II (15-20) achieves the best predictive performance in PI, and the prediction accuracy was balanced with equal sensitivity and specificity (Sen: 0.72, 0.62-0.80; Spec: 1.72, 1.25-2.38). In conclusion, higher APACHE scores are frequently accompanied by a higher incidence of PI among critical-care patients. APACHE-II scores (15-20) satisfactorily predicted PI, and strategies to prevent PI should be aggressively implemented.

Incidence and risk factors of suicide in patients with lung cancer: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: To explore the high-risk period of the occupation of suicide after diagnosis; and clarify the risk factors of suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidal death) behind the lung cancer patients during the cancer cure process. METHODS: This scoping review was conducted through the whole month of April 2021. We extracted data of the suicide mortality after diagnosis and latent risk factors of suicidal behaviors among lung cancer patients where we used to study from the two online databases which are PubMed and Web of Science. Two online databases were searched and written in English without age restriction. To note that the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), person-years, and odds ratio (OR) associated with lung cancer were documented. RESULTS: Out of 570 records, 23 studies mentioned suicidal behaviors and lung cancer met the included criteria. Eleven (n = 47.8%) of the selected publications reported changes in suicide mortality. None of them reported suicidal ideation or suicide attempt after diagnosis. The individuals with lung cancer have significantly higher rates of suicidal death (SMR, 2.04-13.4) during the first years after diagnosis and decrease over subsequent years (SMR, 0.66-3.17). The median time from cancer diagnosis to suicide death was around 7 months. Across all studies with the 22 studies that examined factors, we extracted the data of the suicidal ideation (n = 3), suicide attempt (n = 1), and suicidal death (n = 18) in individuals. For patients with suicidal ideation, there was a significantly higher incidence in males than in females. Among patients who attempted suicide, the incidence of mental illness is greater than the incidence of physical illness. Factors for suicidal death, including gender (male, 56.3-100%), prognosis tumors (poor, 25.8-66.3%), marital status (widowhood or unmarried, 19-75.7%), and age of patients (> 70 years, 24.5-47%) with lung cancer, play a vital role. Treatment of lung cancer is expected to affect a patient in his/her mental state. CONCLUSION: Overall, our finding indicates that lung cancer patients have been presented with a higher incidence of suicide death in a specific period, especially the early years after diagnosis. Discovering risk factors for suicide helps prevent potential suicide. It is essential to screen lung cancer patients for suicidal ideation, especially those with high-risk factors. Future prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings to support care.

C-reactive protein and diabetic foot ulcer infections: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Accurate identification of diabetic foot ulcer infection (IDFU) through inflammatory markers is still a challenge in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aims to investigates whether there is a significant indigenous association between CRP level and diabetic foot ulcer infection. METHODS: The studies on the diagnosis of IDFU by inflammatory marker C-reactive protein published before November 2021 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Since the included seven studies were cohort studies and cross-sectional studies, the quality evaluation was founded on the standard of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), which was convenient and straightforward. The stata 15.0 software (Cambridge, UK) was used for statistical analysis of data collected for analysis. RESULTS: Finally, we included seven articles and investigated 592 patients, including 362 patients with IDFU and 230 patients without diabetic foot ulcer infection (NIDFU). Seven studies assessed the results of CRP, with significant heterogeneity among included studies (χ2 = 18.93, P = 0.004; I2 = 68.3%). Therefore, the combined effect adopts the random effect model, and the combined impact of standardized mean difference is 0.81 (95% CI 0.49-1.12; z = 4.99, p = 0.000). The funnel plot showed no significant asymmetry, and Egger's Test (z = 0.30, P = 0.764) and Begg's Test (t = -0.50, p = 0.637) showed no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results are robust. Through subgroup analysis, we find that regional and CRP types are both sources of high heterogeneity. Meanwhile, the meta-regression results of the random effect model showed that HbA1c (P = 0.021), BMI (P = 0.029), and creatinine levels (P = 0.003) had significant effects on the heterogeneity of the relationship between IDFU, and serum CRP levels. DISCUSSION: Meta-analysis showed a clear association between C-reactive protein and IDFU. Understanding the pathophysiology of IDFU and rapid identification of risk factors for reducing patient burdens, amputation, and mortality are essential.

Incidence of Death Anxiety in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To explore the incidence of death anxiety in palliative care patients, find some existing and potential causes, and put forward suggestions. Methods: Publication bias, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and regression analysis were also conducted to explore the sources of the heterogeneity in our analysis. Results: The 607 studies were obtained, and 20 studies were included after reading the articles and quality evaluation. The incidence of death anxiety in patients was 0.44 (95%CI:0.38,0.51, p < 0.001). and heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 98.2%, p < 0.001). In the test of regression analysis, the average age (I2 = 98.15%, R2 = - 6.99%, p < 0.001); in gender (I2 = 97.84%, R2 = 1.14%, p < 0.001), its heterogeneity was also significant. Conclusion: The incidence of death anxiety is relatively high. More often occur in elderly female patients. This requires more attention to life itself rather than death.

Iridal-type triterpenoids with neuroprotective activities from Iris tectorum.

Six novel iridal-type triterpenoids with a previously unreported 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran moiety, named spirioiridotectals A-F (1-6), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Iris tectorum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, in in vitro bioactivity assays, compounds 1, 2, and 6 exhibited neuroprotective activities against serum-deprivation-induced PC12 cell damage.

Efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor in pressure injury healing: evidence from Chinese randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in healing pressure injuries (PIs). METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving rhEGF in the treatment of PIs that were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design (PICOS) strategy was applied to determine analysis eligibility. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used, and statistical analysis, including sensitivity analysis, was performed of 3 outcomes indicators: the primary outcome was total efficacy of rhEGF in treating PIs, and the secondary outcomes were the proportion of complete healing and the time to complete healing. Total efficacy refers to the proportion of cases that have been cured, obviously effective, or effective. Complete healing refers to cases where the wound has healed, scabbed, and the scab has sloughed off. RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs were included, comprising a total of 1,206 patients. Study and control group size varied by outcomes. The total effective healing rate in rhEGF group was 97.18%, which was significantly higher than 83.38% in control group (OR: 5.69, [95% CI: 3.61, 8.97], z=7.49, P < .001). The proportion of complete healing in the rhEGF group was 73.30%, which was higher than 39.52% in control group (OR: 3.88, [95% CI: 3.01, 5.01], z=10.39, P < .001). Furthermore, the healing time using rhEGF was shorter (SMD: -2.14 days, [95% CI: -2.60, -1.67], z=9.07, P < .001). Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis indicated that rhEGF was effective in healing PIs with few negative effects. Further research beyond Chinese populations involving larger studies and studies that distinguish between results found in using rhEGF alone or in combination are recommended.

COVID-19 impacted the suicidal ideation among health care workers and medical students: An interrupted time-series analysis of data from 30 countries.

AIM: To investigate the impact of public health emergencies on the prevalence of suicidal ideation among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students. METHODS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students was searched for analysis. The platforms included PubMed, medRVix, bioRvix, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Interrupted time-series analysis was employed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the prevalence and trends of suicidal ideation. To account for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, Newey-West standard errors were utilized with a lag of order one. RESULTS: Seventy studies with 145,641 HCWs and medical students from 30 countries were included in the final analysis, with 30 studies before COVID-19 and 40 studies during the pandemic. Before the pandemic outbreak (April 2020), the monthly increasing rate was 0.063 % (95 % CI: -0.009 %, 0.135 %, z = 1.73, P = 0.084). The tendency of suicidal ideation prevalence increased by 1.116 % (95%CI: 0.888 %, 1.344 %, z = 9.60, P < 0.001). In other words, the calculated monthly growth rate of suicidal ideation after the pandemic outbreak is 1.179 % (95%CI: 0.968 %, 1.391 %, z = 10.93, P < 0.001) per month. The overall growing trend of prevalence of suicidal ideation during the pandemic is 1.896 % per month in America; 1.590 % in Europe; 0.443 % (95%CI: 0.213 %, 0.673 %, z = 3.77, P < 0.001) in Asia; 1.055 % in HCWs; and 0.645 % in medical students. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impact the prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students, and the prevalence showed an upward trend.

Effect of Socioeconomic Disparities on Suicide Risk in Patients With Prostate Cancer During 2005 to 2020: A Population Study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether socioeconomic disparities have an impact on the likelihood of suicide among prostate cancer patients. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with malignant prostate cancer between 2005 and 2020. The socioeconomic disparities of the patients were evaluated by median household income (MHI) and ethnicity. Ethnicity included Spanish-Hispanic-Latino and non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino. A Cox proportional risk model was utilized. Using the Kaplan-Meier approach, the cumulative incidence of suicide mortality was measured. RESULTS: A total of 857,418 US population with prostate cancer were included. In the multivariate analysis, individuals with MHI over $75,000 had a lower risk of suicide mortality than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in all patients (aHRs: 0.693, 95 CI%: 0.603-0.797). Spanish-Hispanic-Latino displayed lower overall suicide mortality in all patients (aHRs: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.323-0.561). In the subgroup analysis of different ages, individuals with MHI over $75,000 had a lower risk of suicide than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in patients 60 to 79 years (aHRs: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.562-0.794) and individuals with MHI below $54,999 had higher suicide risk than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in patients 80+ years (aHRs: 1.786, 95% CI: 1.100-2.902). Hispanic-Latino individuals had lower overall suicide mortality in 00 to 59 years (aHRs: 0.420, 95% CI: 0.240-0.734), 60 to 79 years (aHRs: 0.445, 95% CI: 0.319-0.621), 80+ years (aHRs: 0.363, 95% CI: 0.133-0.988). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic disparities, including MHI and ethnicity, are important factors strongly related to suicide risk in prostate cancer patients. The lower MHI individuals and non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino individuals were associated with higher suicide risk.

Mortality of children and adolescents co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents with HIV infection are well known to face a heightened risk of tuberculosis. However, the exact mortality rates and temporal trends of those with HIV-tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain unclear. We aimed to identify the overall mortality and temporal trends within this population. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were employed to search for publications reporting on the mortality rates of children and adolescents with HIV-TB co-infection from inception to March 2, 2024. The outcome is the mortality rate for children and adolescents with HIV-TB co-infection during the follow-up period. In addition, we evaluate the temporal trends of mortality. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, the pooled mortality was 16% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13-20]. Single infection of either HIV or TB exhibit lower mortality rates (6% and 4%, respectively). We observed elevated mortality risks among individuals aged less than 12 months, those with extrapulmonary TB, poor adherence to ART, and severe immunosuppression. In addition, we observed a decreasing trend in mortality before 2008 and an increasing trend after 2008, although the trends were not statistically significant ( P  = 0.08 and 0.2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with HIV-TB co-infection bear a significant burden of mortality. Timely screening, effective treatment, and a comprehensive follow-up system contribute to reducing the mortality burden in this population.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with autoimmune skin diseases.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of these psychological comorbidities in affected individuals is lacking. This study aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with ASDs. METHOD: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted from 1993 to May 2024. Observational studies reporting prevalence data for anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation among people with ASDs were included in the analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. RESULTS: The study included 114 studies from 37 countries including 823,975 participants. The estimated pooled prevalence of anxiety in patients with ASDs was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3-29.3%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 33.7% (95% CI: 29.2-38.1%). The estimated pooled prevalence of sleeping problems was 45.0% (95% CI:31.6-58.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation was 30.8% (95% CI:15.0-46.7%) and 21.6% (95% CI:13.4-29.8%), respectively. The most common mental disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems at 55.9% (95% CI: 35.6-76.1%, I2 = 97%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.1-56.9%, I2 = 99%). CONCLUSION: Among patients with ASDs, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation were common. The most prevalent mental disorder among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems. Those with ASDs may experience considerable psychological burdens, and integrated mental health support is necessary for their treatment.

Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing suicide attempts: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Suicide attempts can cause serious physical harm or death. It would be crucial to gain a better understanding of the comparative efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions. We aimed to identify which non-pharmacological interventions are more effective in preventing suicide attempts. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched systematically from their inception until 3 April 2023. To be eligible for inclusion, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had to meet the following criteria: Participants were individuals who had suicidal ideation or a history of severe self-harm or attempted suicide. A network meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to estimate the treatment effect of various non-pharmacological interventions. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023411393). We obtained data from 54 studies involving 17,630 participants. Our primary analysis found that Cognitive therapy (CT) (OR=0.19, 95%CI =0.04-0.81), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) (OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.13-0.97), Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (OR=0.42, 95%CI =0.17-0.99), and Brief intervention and contact (BIC) (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.44-0.94) were superior to TAU (within the longest available follow-up time) in preventing suicide attempts, while other intervention methods do not show significant advantages over TAU. Secondary analysis showed that the two intervention measures (CT and BIC) were effective when follow-up time did not exceed 6 months, but there was no effective intervention measure with longer follow-up times. CT, DBT, CBT, and BIC have a better effect in preventing suicide attempts than other non-pharmacological interventions. Additional research is necessary to validate which interventions, as well as which combinations of interventions, are the most effective.

Adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes in women with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects a significant proportion of the global population, particularly those of childbearing age. Several studies have attempted to find an association between schizophrenia and obstetric complications, with varying results. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to summarize the relationship between maternal schizophrenia and perinatal pregnancy outcomes. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science and Ovid EMBASE were searched from January 2001 to September 2022 using keywords related to pregnancy, women, schizophrenia. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 23 independent studies across 21,253 individuals with schizophrenia were identified and included in the analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: The following data were extracted: author, year of publication, country/continent of data collection, study design, demographic characteristics, diagnoses criteria, related complications. Data were analyzed using random-effects pairwise meta-analysis and were reported as prevalence and odd ratios (OR). Statistical heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic. RESULTS: The prevalence of adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes was represented in descending order: cesarean section (26.0 %); labor induction (24.0 %); small for gestational age (10.5 %); gestational diabetes mellitus (9.2 %); preterm birth (9.1 %); low birth weight (7.8 %); preterm rupture of membranes (6.1 %); 1-Minute Apgar Score < 7 (5.6 %); large for gestational age (5.5 %); birth defect (5.4 %); antepartum hemorrhage (4.4 %);preeclampsia/eclampsia (4.8 %); postpartum hemorrhage (3.9 %); 5-Minute Apgar Score < 7 (3.6 %); gestational hypertension (3.3 %); placental abruption (1.0 %); placenta previa (0.6 %); thromboembolic disease (0.4 %); neonatal mortality (0.3 %) (P ≤ 0.05). There was a higher risk of adverse outcomes including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia/eclampsia, placental abruption, thromboembolic disease, preterm birth, birth defect, 1-Minute Apgar score < 7, small for gestational age, low birth weight and neonatal mortality compared with non-schizophrenia population (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women with schizophrenia are at higher risk of adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes. It is imperative that research efforts continue to focus on the reproductive safety of women with schizophrenia during their childbearing years.