Chimera states and cluster solutions in Hindmarsh-Rose neural networks with state resetting process.

The neuronal state resetting model is a hybrid system, which combines neuronal system with state resetting process. As the membrane potential reaches a certain threshold, the membrane potential and recovery current are reset. Through the resetting process, the neuronal system can produce abundant new firing patterns. By integrating with the state resetting process, the neuronal system can generate irregular limit cycles (limit cycles with impulsive breakpoints), resulting in repetitive spiking or bursting with firing peaks which can not exceed a presetting threshold. Although some studies have discussed the state resetting process in neurons, it has not been addressed in neural networks so far. In this paper, we consider chimera states and cluster solutions in Hindmarsh-Rose neural networks with state resetting process. The network structures are based on regular ring structures and the connections among neurons are assumed to be bidirectional. Chimera and cluster states are two types of phenomena related to synchronization. For neural networks, the chimera state is a self-organization phenomenon in which some neuronal nodes are synchronous while the others are asynchronous. Cluster synchronization divides the system into several subgroups based on their synchronization characteristics, with neuronal nodes in each subgroup being synchronous. By improving previous chimera measures, we detect the spike inspire time instead of the state variable and calculate the time between two adjacent spikes. We then discuss the incoherence, chimera state, and coherence of the constructed neural networks using phase diagrams, time series diagrams, and probability density histograms. Besides, we further contrast the cluster solutions of the system under local and global coupling, respectively. The subordinate state resetting process enriches the firing mode of the proposed Hindmarsh-Rose neural networks.

[Effect of optimized fertilization on spicas biomass and yield of Prunella vulgaris].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) and organic compound fertilizer (OF) on spicas biomass and yield of Prunella vulgaris in order to provide a theoretical basis for good agriculture practice (GAP). METHOD: Field plot experiments with a 4-variable quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design were adopted, and a function model of spicas yield in P. vulgaris was established. RESULT: The model analysis showed that spicas yields of P. vulgaris were significantly influenced under the N, P2O5 and K2O applications, among there factors, N had the greatest effects on spicas yield of P. vulgaris, the next was P2O5 and K2O, OF had the smallest effects on spicas yield. At the lower fertility levels, the spicas yields of P. vulgaris were improved along with the increasing of N, P2O5, K2O and OF applications, but the spicas yields decreased when N, P2O5, K2O and OF were applied too much. CONCLUSION: In this experiment condition, the spicas yields of P. vulgaris could reach to 722 kg x hm(-2) when the fertilizer rates were N 303. 9-335.1 kg x hm(-2), P2O5 432.5-500.6 kg x hm(-2), K2O 206.6-240.2 kg x hm(-2), OF 2 312.5-2 687.5 kg x hm(-2).

[Effects of light intensity on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium at vegetative stage].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of light intensity on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium at the vegetative stage. METHOD: The dynamic response of physiological and biochemical indexes of Ch. morifolium were measured under different treatments (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of the full sunlight) at the vegetative stage. RESULT: The physiological and biochemical indexes of Ch. morifolium showed dynamic changes with the progress of growth and the increase of the treatment time. The soluble sugar content decreased when the light intensity reduced, and had a significant positive correlation with the light intensity. Soluble protein content rose firstly and fell later, malondialdehyde content increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased initially and increased afterwards. CONCLUSION: Proper shading benefits the nitrogen accumulation of Ch. morifolium at the vegetative stage, and reduces the strength of stress condition. The suitable light environment for growth of Ch. morifolium at the vegetative stage is about 80%-60% of full sunlight and the optimum treatment time is 20-40 days.

[Effects of seed priming on salt tolerance in Prunella vulgaris seed germination under saline conditions].

OBJECTIVE: Selecting an effective way to increase salt-resistance of Prunella vulgaris seed through seed priming technology. METHOD: The treatment of salt stress to P. vulgaris seeds was made by the different concentrations of NaCl solutions. Primed seeds germinated under 0.8% NaCl. RESULT: As concentrations of NaCl increasing, seed germination percentage, germination index and vitality index reduced. Primed with 15%-35% PEG, 100-500 mg x L(-1) GA3 and 0.4%-2.0% KNO3-KH2PO4 could enhance seeds germination index and vitality index under salt stress while treated with NaCl seeds germination percentage reduced. CONCLUSION: Treated with PEG, GA3, KNO3-KH2PO4 under proper concentration, the seed vigor, seed resistance under salt stress increased.

[Effects of seed priming on drought tolerence in Prunella vulgaris].

OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective way to increase drought tolerance of Prunella vulgaris seed. METHOD: The treatment of drought stress to P. vulgaris seeds was made by the different concentrations of PEG solutions. Primed seeds germinated under 25% PEG. RESULT: As concentrations of PEG increasing, seed germination percentage, germination index and vitality index reduced. Primed with 20%-25% PEG, 300-500 mg x L(-1) GA3 and 1.6%-2.0% KNO3-KH2PO4 could enhance three population seeds germination index and vitality index under drought stress. Treated with NaCl, seeds germination percentage and germination index of two population increased, which came from Nanjing Zijinshan and Anhui Jinzhai, respectively, while those of seeds from Gansu Chengxian reduced. CONCLUSION: Treated with PEG, GA3, KNO3-KH2 PO4 under proper concentration, seed vigor, seed resistance under drought stress would increase.

[Study on seed quality test and quality standard of Prunella vulgaris].

OBJECTIVE: To study seed quality test, and establish seed quality classification standard of Prunella vulgaris. METHOD: The seed quality and planting quality of P. vulgaris from different population were measured and these indexes were analyzed by K-clustering. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The seed purity, 1000 seeds weight, seed moisture content, seed viability of the seed of P. vulgaris from different population were measured, and the seed quality classification standard of P. vulgaris.

[Effects of seed priming on vigor of Prunella vulgaris seeds].

OBJECTIVE: To select an effective way to enhance vigor of Prunella vulgaris seeds. METHOD: Three population seeds were treated at the 20 degrees C and dark enviroment. RESULT: Priming with 20% - 30% PEG and 200 - 400 mg x L(-1) GA3 could enhance seeds germination and vigor. Germination percentage of three population seeds treated with 0. 6% - 3.0% NaCl reduced, but they started to germinate in advance. Treated with 0.6% - 2.4% KNO3-KH2PO4, germination rate and vigor of seeds in Zijinshan and Pan' an both increased and the one in Bozhou decreased. CONCLUSION: Vigor of P. vulgaris seed treated with PEG and GA3 under proper concentration increases, while treated with KNO3-KH2PO, and NaCl low vigor seeds germination rate reduces.

Hybrid impulsive and switching Hopfield neural networks with state-dependent impulses.

We discuss the global stability of switching Hopfield neural networks (HNN) with state-dependent impulses using B-equivalence method. Under certain conditions, we show that the state-dependent impulsive switching systems can be reduced to the fixed-time ones, and that the global stability of corresponding comparison system implies the same stability of the considered system. On this basis, a novel stability criterion for the considered HNN is established. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.